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'''Dream potentiation''' | '''Dream potentiation''' is defined as an effect which increases the subjective intensity, vividness, and frequency of sleeping [[dreams|dream states]].<ref name="PavelGoldstein1980">{{cite journal|last1=Pavel|first1=S.|last2=Goldstein|first2=R.|last3=Petrescu|first3=Magdalena|title=Vasotocin, melatonin and narcolepsy: Possible involvement of the pineal gland in its patho-physiological mechanism|journal=Peptides|volume=1|issue=4|year=1980|pages=281–284|issn=01969781|doi=10.1016/0196-9781(80)90003-0}}</ref><ref name="Pace-SchottGersh2001">{{cite journal|last1=Pace-Schott|first1=Edward F.|last2=Gersh|first2=Tamara|last3=Silvestri|first3=Rosalia|last4=Stickgold|first4=Robert|last5=Salzman|first5=Carl|last6=Hobson|first6=J. Allan|title=SSRI Treatment suppresses dream recall frequency but increases subjective dream intensity in normal subjects|journal=Journal of Sleep Research|volume=10|issue=2|year=2001|pages=129–142|issn=0962-1105|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00249.x}}</ref> This effect also results in dreams having a more complex and incohesive plot with a higher level of detail and definition.<ref name="Pace-SchottGersh2001" /> Additionally, the effect causes a greatly increased likelihood of them becoming [[Lucid Dreaming|lucid dreams]]. | ||
Dream potentiation is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[oneirogen|oneirogenic]] compounds, a class of [[hallucinogen]] that is used to specifically potentiate dreams when taken before sleep. However, it can also occur as a residual side effect from falling asleep under the influence of an extremely wide variety of substances. At other times, it can occur as a relatively persistent effect that has arisen as a symptom of [[hallucinogen persisting perception disorder]] (HPPD).</onlyinclude> | |||
===Analysis=== | |||
There have been hundreds of studies in which [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathomimetic_drug cholinomemetics] have been applied locally or systematically to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_pontine_reticular_formation medial pontine reticular formation] to induce and enhance the generation of REM sleep.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Kubin, L.)) | journal=Archives Italiennes De Biologie | title=Carbachol models of REM sleep: recent developments and new directions | volume=139 | issue=1–2 | pages=147–168 | date= February 2001 | issn=0003-9829}}</ref> Some cholinergic drugs induce REM sleep while others potentiate REM sleep.<ref name="Pace-SchottGersh2001" /><ref name="BergerRiemann1993">{{cite journal|last1=Berger|first1=Mathias|last2=Riemann|first2=Dieter|title=REM sleep in depression-an overview|journal=Journal of Sleep Research|volume=2|issue=4|year=1993|pages=211–223|issn=09621105|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x}}</ref><ref name="SitaramMoore1978">{{cite journal|last1=Sitaram|first1=N.|last2=Moore|first2=Angela M.|last3=Gillin|first3=J. Christian|title=Experimental acceleration and slowing of REM sleep ultradian rhythm by cholinergic agonist and antagonist|journal=Nature|volume=274|issue=5670|year=1978|pages=490–492|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/274490a0}}</ref><ref name="Sitaram1978">{{cite journal|last1=Sitaram|first1=Natraj|title=The Effect of Physostigmine on Normal Human Sleep and Dreaming|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=35|issue=10|year=1978|pages=1239|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770340089010}}</ref><ref name="SitaramWyatt1976">{{cite journal|last1=Sitaram|first1=N|last2=Wyatt|first2=R.|last3=Dawson|first3=S|last4=Gillin|first4=J.|title=REM sleep induction by physostigmine infusion during sleep|journal=Science|volume=191|issue=4233|year=1976|pages=1281–1283|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.176724}}</ref> However, there is conflicting evidence on whether this effect is limited to people with depression.<ref name="Sitaram1978" /><ref name="SitaramWyatt1976" /><ref name="Berger1989">{{cite journal|last1=Berger|first1=Mathias|title=The Cholinergic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Induction Test With RS-86|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=46|issue=5|year=1989|pages=421|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810050035006}}</ref><ref name="LaurielloKenny1993">{{cite journal|last1=Lauriello|first1=John|last2=Kenny|first2=William M.|last3=Sutton|first3=Laura|last4=Golshan|first4=Shahrokh|last5=Ruiz|first5=Caroline|last6=Kelsoe|first6=John|last7=Rapaport|first7=Mark|last8=Christian Gillin|first8=J.|title=The cholinergic REM sleep induction test with pilocarpine in mildly depressed patients and normal controls|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=33|issue=1|year=1993|pages=33–39|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/0006-3223(93)90275-I}}</ref> Aminergic drugs, such as serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibiting antidepressants, suppress REM sleep.<ref name="Pace-SchottGersh2001" /><ref name="SharpleyCowen1995">{{cite journal|last1=Sharpley|first1=Ann L.|last2=Cowen|first2=Philip J.|title=Effect of pharmacologic treatments on the sleep of depressed patients|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=37|issue=2|year=1995|pages=85–98|issn=00063223|doi=10.1016/0006-3223(94)00135-P}}</ref><ref name="Trivedi1999">{{cite journal|last1=Trivedi|first1=M|title=Effects of Fluoxetine on the Polysomnogram in Outpatients with Major Depression|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=20|issue=5|year=1999|pages=447–459|issn=0893133X|doi=10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00131-6}}</ref> Non-antidepressant | |||
drugs, including amphetamines, barbiturates and narcotics, did not show large and persistent reductions in REM sleep followed by a rebound.<ref name="VogelBuffenstein1990">{{cite journal|last1=Vogel|first1=G.W.|last2=Buffenstein|first2=A.|last3=Minter|first3=K.|last4=Hennessey|first4=Ann|title=Drug effects on REM sleep and on endogenous depression|journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews|volume=14|issue=1|year=1990|pages=49–63|issn=01497634|doi=10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80159-9}}</ref> | |||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | ||
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Dream potentiation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | {{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Dream potentiation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | ||
===Experience reports=== | |||
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include: | |||
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Dream potentiation]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | |||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneirogen Oneirogen (Wikipedia)] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneirogen Oneirogen (Wikipedia)] | ||
*[http://medind.nic.in/iaa/t13/i3/iaat13i3p624.pdf Drugs and Dreams] | *[http://medind.nic.in/iaa/t13/i3/iaat13i3p624.pdf Drugs and Dreams] | ||
[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category: | ===References=== | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Cognitive]] | |||
[[Category:Intensification]] | |||
[[Category:Effect]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:57, 4 October 2022
Dream potentiation is defined as an effect which increases the subjective intensity, vividness, and frequency of sleeping dream states.[1][2] This effect also results in dreams having a more complex and incohesive plot with a higher level of detail and definition.[2] Additionally, the effect causes a greatly increased likelihood of them becoming lucid dreams.
Dream potentiation is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of oneirogenic compounds, a class of hallucinogen that is used to specifically potentiate dreams when taken before sleep. However, it can also occur as a residual side effect from falling asleep under the influence of an extremely wide variety of substances. At other times, it can occur as a relatively persistent effect that has arisen as a symptom of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD).
Analysis
There have been hundreds of studies in which cholinomemetics have been applied locally or systematically to the medial pontine reticular formation to induce and enhance the generation of REM sleep.[3] Some cholinergic drugs induce REM sleep while others potentiate REM sleep.[2][4][5][6][7] However, there is conflicting evidence on whether this effect is limited to people with depression.[6][7][8][9] Aminergic drugs, such as serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibiting antidepressants, suppress REM sleep.[2][10][11] Non-antidepressant drugs, including amphetamines, barbiturates and narcotics, did not show large and persistent reductions in REM sleep followed by a rebound.[12]
Psychoactive substances
Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:
- 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine
- 3-MeO-PCMo
- 3-MeO-PCP
- 4-MeO-PCP
- 5-Hydroxytryptophan
- 6-APB
- 6-APDB
- A-PVP
- Acetylfentanyl
- Alpha-GPC
- Alprazolam
- Amanita muscaria
- Aniracetam
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Blue Lotus
- Bromazepam
- Choline bitartrate
- Citicoline
- Clonazepam
- Clonazolam
- Codeine
- Coluracetam
- Datura
- Deschloroetizolam
- Deschloroketamine
- Desomorphine
- Dextromethorphan
- Dextropropoxyphene
- Diazepam
- Diclazepam
- Dihydrocodeine
- Diphenhydramine
- Diphenidine
- Efavirenz
- Ephenidine
- Ethylmorphine
- Etizolam
- Fentanyl
- Flualprazolam
- Flubromazepam
- Flubromazolam
- Flunitrazepam
- Flunitrazolam
- GBL
- GHB
- Gabapentin
- Gaboxadol
- Galantamine
- HXE
Experience reports
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our experience index include:
- Experience:225mg Pregabalin +Cannabis -Bliss and Serenity; a hedonistic evening
- Experience:25mg Quetiapine - Nice buzz
- Experience:3-MEO-PCMo (420mg) - Trip Report
- Experience:DXM 1200mg - A calm flood.
See also
- Responsible use
- Lucid Dreaming
- Oneirogens
- Subjective effects index
- Dream suppression
- Dissociatives - Subjective effects
- Psychedelics - Subjective effects
- Deliriants - Subjective effects
External links
References
- ↑ Pavel, S.; Goldstein, R.; Petrescu, Magdalena (1980). "Vasotocin, melatonin and narcolepsy: Possible involvement of the pineal gland in its patho-physiological mechanism". Peptides. 1 (4): 281–284. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(80)90003-0. ISSN 0196-9781.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Pace-Schott, Edward F.; Gersh, Tamara; Silvestri, Rosalia; Stickgold, Robert; Salzman, Carl; Hobson, J. Allan (2001). "SSRI Treatment suppresses dream recall frequency but increases subjective dream intensity in normal subjects". Journal of Sleep Research. 10 (2): 129–142. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00249.x. ISSN 0962-1105.
- ↑ Kubin, L. (February 2001). "Carbachol models of REM sleep: recent developments and new directions". Archives Italiennes De Biologie. 139 (1–2): 147–168. ISSN 0003-9829.
- ↑ Berger, Mathias; Riemann, Dieter (1993). "REM sleep in depression-an overview". Journal of Sleep Research. 2 (4): 211–223. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x. ISSN 0962-1105.
- ↑ Sitaram, N.; Moore, Angela M.; Gillin, J. Christian (1978). "Experimental acceleration and slowing of REM sleep ultradian rhythm by cholinergic agonist and antagonist". Nature. 274 (5670): 490–492. doi:10.1038/274490a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sitaram, Natraj (1978). "The Effect of Physostigmine on Normal Human Sleep and Dreaming". Archives of General Psychiatry. 35 (10): 1239. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770340089010. ISSN 0003-990X.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sitaram, N; Wyatt, R.; Dawson, S; Gillin, J. (1976). "REM sleep induction by physostigmine infusion during sleep". Science. 191 (4233): 1281–1283. doi:10.1126/science.176724. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ Berger, Mathias (1989). "The Cholinergic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Induction Test With RS-86". Archives of General Psychiatry. 46 (5): 421. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810050035006. ISSN 0003-990X.
- ↑ Lauriello, John; Kenny, William M.; Sutton, Laura; Golshan, Shahrokh; Ruiz, Caroline; Kelsoe, John; Rapaport, Mark; Christian Gillin, J. (1993). "The cholinergic REM sleep induction test with pilocarpine in mildly depressed patients and normal controls". Biological Psychiatry. 33 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90275-I. ISSN 0006-3223.
- ↑ Sharpley, Ann L.; Cowen, Philip J. (1995). "Effect of pharmacologic treatments on the sleep of depressed patients". Biological Psychiatry. 37 (2): 85–98. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00135-P. ISSN 0006-3223.
- ↑ Trivedi, M (1999). "Effects of Fluoxetine on the Polysomnogram in Outpatients with Major Depression". Neuropsychopharmacology. 20 (5): 447–459. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00131-6. ISSN 0893-133X.
- ↑ Vogel, G.W.; Buffenstein, A.; Minter, K.; Hennessey, Ann (1990). "Drug effects on REM sleep and on endogenous depression". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 14 (1): 49–63. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80159-9. ISSN 0149-7634.