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'''Anxiety''' can be described as negative feelings of psychological tension and general unease. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as rumination, somatic complaints, restlessness, and muscular tension.  
'''Anxiety''' can be described as negative feelings of psychological tension and general unease. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. This is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as rumination, complaints, restlessness, and muscular tension. As an emotion it is considered as distinct from fear in that feelings of anxiety are usually an overreaction to a situation that is not realistically dangerous.  
 
Anxiety can be caused by environmental factors, by an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance, or by the experience of negative hallucinations. It is different from fear in that the feelings of anxiety are an overreaction to a situation that is not realistically dangerous.  


In regards to psychoactive substance usage, anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance, or by the experience of negative hallucinations. It is extremely common to experience this effect under the influence of [[cannibanoids]], [[stimulant]] comedowns and [[hallucinogen|hallucinogens]] such as [[LSD]] or [[salvia divinorum]].
====Panic attacks====
====Panic attacks====
'''Panic attacks''' are periods of intense anxiety that are of sudden onset<ref>http://m-w.com/dictionary/panic%20attack | Panic attack - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary</ref> and of variable duration from minutes to hours.<ref>Panic disorder | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000924.htm</ref> Panic attacks usually begin abruptly, may reach a peak within 10 to 20 minutes, but may continue for hours in some cases. Panic attacks usually subside on their own over the next several hours.
'''Panic attacks''' are periods of extremely intense anxiety that have a sudden onset<ref>http://m-w.com/dictionary/panic%20attack | Panic attack - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary</ref> and a variable duration.<ref>Panic disorder | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000924.htm</ref> These usually begin abruptly and may reach their peak within 10 to 20 minutes, but may also continue for hours in extreme cases before subsiding on their own. Although this experience is incredibly stressful it is important to note that it is not physically dangerous or harmful.


The cognitive and physical effects of a panic attack are detailed below:
The various cognitive and physical symptoms of a panic attack are described and listed below:


*'''Hyperventilation''' - Hyperventilation occurs when one breathes deeper and more rapidly than usual. When hyperventilating, one may feel as though they are struggling to get enough air. As this causes a decrease of carbon dioxide in the blood, it may result in lightheadedness, a rapid heartbeat, chest pain, or a tingling sensation in one's limbs.<ref>Hyperventilation | http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hyperventilation-topic-overview</ref>
*'''Hyperventilation''' - Hyperventilation occurs when one breathes deeper and more rapidly than usual. When hyperventilating, one may feel as though they are struggling to get enough air. As this causes a decrease of carbon dioxide in the blood, it may result in lightheadedness, a rapid heartbeat, chest pain, or a tingling sensation in one's limbs.<ref>Hyperventilation | http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hyperventilation-topic-overview</ref>
*'''Abnormal heart rate and palpitations''' - Due to the release of stress hormones, one may experience heart symptoms including missed beats, palpitations, heart pain, and an accelerated heart rate.
*'''Abnormal heart rate and palpitations''' - Due to the release of stress hormones, one may experience heart symptoms including missed beats, palpitations, chest pain, and an accelerated heart rate.
*'''[[Tactile suppression]]''' - This can be described as a loss of sensation as well as numbness and tingling sensations throughout the body. It may feel as if one's skin or body parts are numb to the touch, and this can occur in a small area or become all-encompassing throughout multiple body parts or the entire body. Numbness most frequently occurs within the hands, legs, arms, feet, and face. This effect is often accompanied by a pins and needle sensation and it generally increases alongside of hyperventilation.
*'''Shortness of breath'''
*'''Sweating'''
*'''Sweating'''
*'''Trembling or shaking'''
*'''Trembling or shaking'''
*'''Shortness of breath''' - This sensation may feel like your chest won't expand or feel like one is being smothered.
*'''Feelings of choking'''
*'''Feeling of choking'''
*'''Chest pain or discomfort'''
*'''Chest pain or discomfort'''
*'''[[Bodily pressures]]'''
*'''[[Bodily pressures]]'''
*'''Nausea or abdominal distress'''
*'''Nausea or abdominal distress'''
*'''Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint'''
*'''Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint'''
*'''[[Derealization]]''' - This is the feeling of unreality.
*'''[[Derealization]]'''
*'''[[Depersonalization]]''' - This is the feeling of being detached from oneself.
*'''[[Depersonalization]]'''
*'''Fear of losing control or going insane'''
*'''Fear of losing control or going insane'''
*'''[[Feelings of impending doom]]'''
*'''[[Feelings of impending doom]]'''
*'''Paresthesias''' - This can be described as a loss of sensation as well as numbness and tingling sensations throughout the body. It feels as if one's skin or body parts are numb to the touch, and this can occur in a small area or become all-encompassing throughout multiple body parts or the entire body. Numbness most frequently occurs with the hands, legs, arms, feet, and face. This effect is accompanied by a pins and needle sensation and it generally increases along with hyperventilation.
*'''Chills or hot flashes'''
*'''Chills or hot flashes'''
*'''[[Delusions]]'''</onlyinclude>
*'''[[Delusions]]'''</onlyinclude>
===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

Revision as of 21:51, 21 August 2017

Anxiety can be described as negative feelings of psychological tension and general unease. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. This is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as rumination, complaints, restlessness, and muscular tension. As an emotion it is considered as distinct from fear in that feelings of anxiety are usually an overreaction to a situation that is not realistically dangerous.

In regards to psychoactive substance usage, anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance, or by the experience of negative hallucinations. It is extremely common to experience this effect under the influence of cannibanoids, stimulant comedowns and hallucinogens such as LSD or salvia divinorum.

Panic attacks

Panic attacks are periods of extremely intense anxiety that have a sudden onset[1] and a variable duration.[2] These usually begin abruptly and may reach their peak within 10 to 20 minutes, but may also continue for hours in extreme cases before subsiding on their own. Although this experience is incredibly stressful it is important to note that it is not physically dangerous or harmful.

The various cognitive and physical symptoms of a panic attack are described and listed below:

  • Hyperventilation - Hyperventilation occurs when one breathes deeper and more rapidly than usual. When hyperventilating, one may feel as though they are struggling to get enough air. As this causes a decrease of carbon dioxide in the blood, it may result in lightheadedness, a rapid heartbeat, chest pain, or a tingling sensation in one's limbs.[3]
  • Abnormal heart rate and palpitations - Due to the release of stress hormones, one may experience heart symptoms including missed beats, palpitations, chest pain, and an accelerated heart rate.
  • Tactile suppression - This can be described as a loss of sensation as well as numbness and tingling sensations throughout the body. It may feel as if one's skin or body parts are numb to the touch, and this can occur in a small area or become all-encompassing throughout multiple body parts or the entire body. Numbness most frequently occurs within the hands, legs, arms, feet, and face. This effect is often accompanied by a pins and needle sensation and it generally increases alongside of hyperventilation.
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Trembling or shaking
  • Feelings of choking
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Bodily pressures
  • Nausea or abdominal distress
  • Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
  • Derealization
  • Depersonalization
  • Fear of losing control or going insane
  • Feelings of impending doom
  • Chills or hot flashes
  • Delusions

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://m-w.com/dictionary/panic%20attack | Panic attack - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
  2. ↑ Panic disorder | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000924.htm
  3. ↑ Hyperventilation | http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hyperventilation-topic-overview
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