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'''Anxiety''' can be described as negative feelings of psychological tension and general unease. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. This is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as rumination, complaints, restlessness, and muscular tension. As an emotion it is considered as distinct from fear in that feelings of anxiety are usually an overreaction to a situation that is not realistically dangerous.  
'''Anxiety''' can be described as negative feelings of psychological apprehension, worry, and general unease. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as rumination, fretting, restlessness, and muscular tension. As an emotion it is considered as distinct from fear in that feelings of anxiety are usually an exaggerated emotional response to an undesirable situation.


In regards to psychoactive substance usage, anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance, as an enhancement of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.  
Psychoactive substance usage induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance or intensity, as an enhancement of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.  


Anxiety is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[depression]] and [[irritability]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[cannabinoids]], [[psychedelics]], [[dissociatives]], and [[deliriants]]. However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of [[GABAergic]] [[depressants]] and during [[stimulant]] comedowns.
Anxiety is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[depression]] and [[irritability]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[cannabinoids]], [[psychedelics]], [[dissociatives]], and [[deliriants]]. However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of [[GABAergic]] [[depressants]] and during [[stimulant]] comedowns.

Revision as of 04:18, 30 January 2018

Anxiety can be described as negative feelings of psychological apprehension, worry, and general unease. These feelings can range from subtle and ignorable to intense and overwhelming enough to trigger panic attacks and feelings of impending doom. Anxiety is often accompanied by nervous behavior such as rumination, fretting, restlessness, and muscular tension. As an emotion it is considered as distinct from fear in that feelings of anxiety are usually an exaggerated emotional response to an undesirable situation.

Psychoactive substance usage induced anxiety can be caused as an inescapable effect of the drug itself, by a lack of experience with the substance or intensity, as an enhancement of a pre-existing state of mind, or by the experience of negative hallucinations.

Anxiety is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as depression and irritability. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of hallucinogenic compounds, such as cannabinoids, psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. However, it can also occur during the withdrawal symptoms of GABAergic depressants and during stimulant comedowns.

Panic attacks

Panic attacks are periods of extremely intense anxiety that have a sudden onset[1] and a variable duration.[2] These usually begin abruptly and may reach their peak within 10 to 20 minutes, but may also continue for hours in extreme cases before subsiding on their own. Although this experience is incredibly stressful it is important to note that it is not physically dangerous or harmful.

The various cognitive and physical symptoms of a panic attack are described and listed below:

  • Hyperventilation - Hyperventilation occurs when one breathes deeper and more rapidly than usual. When hyperventilating, one may feel as though they are struggling to get enough air. As this causes a decrease of carbon dioxide in the blood, it may result in lightheadedness, a rapid heartbeat, chest pain, or a tingling sensation in one's limbs.[3]
  • Abnormal heart rate and palpitations - Due to the release of stress hormones, one may experience heart symptoms including missed beats, palpitations, chest pain, and an accelerated heart rate.
  • Tactile suppression - This can be described as a loss of sensation as well as numbness and tingling sensations throughout the body. It may feel as if one's skin or body parts are numb to the touch, and this can occur in a small area or become all-encompassing throughout multiple body parts or the entire body. Numbness most frequently occurs within the hands, legs, arms, feet, and face. This effect is often accompanied by a pins and needle sensation and it generally increases alongside of hyperventilation.
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Trembling or shaking
  • Feelings of choking
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Bodily pressures
  • Nausea or abdominal distress
  • Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
  • Derealization
  • Depersonalization
  • Fear of losing control or going insane
  • Feelings of impending doom
  • Chills or hot flashes
  • Delusions

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://m-w.com/dictionary/panic%20attack | Panic attack - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
  2. ↑ Panic disorder | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000924.htm
  3. ↑ Hyperventilation | http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hyperventilation-topic-overview
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