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Pattern recognition enhancement: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Faceincloud.jpg|thumbnail|300px|'''Face in a cloud''' by '''[http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-10/14/pareidolic-robot Neil Usher]''' - This image serves as an example of [[pattern recognition enhancement]].]]
[[File:Faceincloud.jpg|thumbnail|300px|'''Face in a cloud''' by '''[http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-10/14/pareidolic-robot Neil Usher]''' - This image serves as an example of [[pattern recognition enhancement]].]]
'''Pattern recognition enhancement''' can be described as an increase in a person's ability to recognise patterns (usually faces) within vague stimuli. Psychedelics enhance the availability of information managed in the brain through inhibiting the lower brain structures' gating systems.<ref name="Vollenweider1998">Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. Heffter Rev. Psychedel. Res. 1, 21–32. https://heffter.org/docs/hrireview/01/chapter3.pdf</ref><ref>Vollenweider F. (2001). Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 3, 265–279. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181663/</ref> General effects of psychedelics involve the temporary disruption of the normal neural hierarchy, replacing the normally predominant top-down control of information transfer in the brain with an increasingly bottom-up dynamic characterized by an increased influence of posterior regions over frontal areas of the brain. This decoupling of the frontal areas with the medial lobes resulted in a disorganization of the high-level networks responsible for large-scale brain network integrity, resulting in increased flexibility of networks and a more open communication among them.<ref>Riba, J., Rodrıguez-Fornells, A., Strassman, R. J., & Barbanoj, M. J. (2001). Psychometric assessment of the hallucinogen rating scale. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 62(3), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(00)00175-7</ref><ref>Winkelman, M. J. (2017). The Mechanisms of Psychedelic Visionary Experiences: Hypotheses from Evolutionary Psychology. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00539</ref>
'''Pattern recognition enhancement''' is defined as an increase in a person's ability and tendency to recognize patterns within vague stimuli.  


This innate ability which human beings possess in everyday life is referred to by the scientific literature as pareidolia and is a well documented phenomenon.<ref>Liu, J., Li, J., Feng, L., Li, L., Tian, J., & Lee, K. (2014). Seeing Jesus in toast: neural and behavioral correlates of face pareidolia. Cortex, 53, 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.013</ref><ref>Kato, M., & Mugitani, R. (2015). Pareidolia in infants. PloS one, 10(2), e0118539. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118539</ref><ref>Coolidge, F. L., & Coolidge, M. L. (2016, August 09). Why People See Faces When There Are None: Pareidolia. Retrieved February 21, 2018, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/how-think-neandertal/201608/why-people-see-faces-when-there-are-none-pareidolia</ref> Common examples of this include spotting faces in everyday objects, such as the front of a car, or seeing different objects in clouds.<ref>Abraham, H. D. (1983). Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40(8), 886-887. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/493119</ref>
Seeing patterns resemble human faces is an innate ability which humans possess in everyday life and is well documented in scientific literature under the term ''pareidolia''.<ref name="LiuLi2014">{{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Jiangang|last2=Li|first2=Jun|last3=Feng|first3=Lu|last4=Li|first4=Ling|last5=Tian|first5=Jie|last6=Lee|first6=Kang|title=Seeing Jesus in toast: Neural and behavioral correlates of face pareidolia|journal=Cortex|volume=53|year=2014|pages=60–77|issn=00109452|doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.013}}</ref><ref name="HadjikhaniKato2015">{{cite journal|last1=Hadjikhani|first1=Nouchine|last2=Kato|first2=Masaharu|last3=Mugitani|first3=Ryoko|title=Pareidolia in Infants|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=2|year=2015|pages=e0118539|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118539}}</ref> Common examples of this include spotting faces in the front of a car, or seeing different objects in clouds.<ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref>


During this effect, pareidolia can become significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during everyday sober living.<ref>Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural brain research, 277, 99-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2014.07.016</ref> For example, scenery may look remarkably like detailed images, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects, all without any visual alterations actually taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the [[hallucinatory states|hallucinatory effect]] known as [[transformations]], which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.
During this effect, patterns can be significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during a sober state.<ref name="BelserAgin-Liebes2017">{{cite journal|last1=Belser|first1=Alexander B.|last2=Agin-Liebes|first2=Gabrielle|last3=Swift|first3=T. Cody|last4=Terrana|first4=Sara|last5=Devenot|first5=Neşe|last6=Friedman|first6=Harris L.|last7=Guss|first7=Jeffrey|last8=Bossis|first8=Anthony|last9=Ross|first9=Stephen|title=Patient Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis|journal=Journal of Humanistic Psychology|volume=57|issue=4|year=2017|pages=354–388|issn=0022-1678|doi=10.1177/0022167817706884}}</ref><ref name="Halberstadt2015">{{cite journal|last1=Halberstadt|first1=Adam L.|title=Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens|journal=Behavioural Brain Research|volume=277|year=2015|pages=99–120|issn=01664328|doi=10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016}}</ref> For example, remarkably detailed images may appear embedded in scenery, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects all without any visual alterations taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the [[hallucinatory states|hallucinatory effect]] known as [[transformations]], which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.  


Pattern recognition enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity enhancement]] and [[colour enhancement]].<ref>Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Stefanidou, M., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2015). 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers. Forensic Toxicology, 33(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9</ref><ref>Bersani, F. S., Corazza, O., Albano, G., Valeriani, G., Santacroce, R., Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, F., ... & Schifano, F. (2014). 25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug. BioMed Research International, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2014%2F734749</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].  
Pattern recognition enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[Visual acuity enhancement|visual acuity enhancement]] and [[colour enhancement]].<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].  
====Image examples====
====Image examples====
{{Gallery|[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]}}
{{Gallery|[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]][[Category:Replication]]}}
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===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===Psychoactive substances===
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===See also===
===See also===
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
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===External links===
===External links===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia Pareidolia (Wikipedia)]
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia Pareidolia (Wikipedia)]
 
===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Sensory]] [[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Enhancement]] [[Category:Effect]]
[[Category:Sensory]]  
[[Category:Visual]]  
[[Category:Enhancement]]  
[[Category:Effect]]

Latest revision as of 04:59, 4 October 2022

Face in a cloud by Neil Usher - This image serves as an example of pattern recognition enhancement.

Pattern recognition enhancement is defined as an increase in a person's ability and tendency to recognize patterns within vague stimuli.

Seeing patterns resemble human faces is an innate ability which humans possess in everyday life and is well documented in scientific literature under the term pareidolia.[1][2] Common examples of this include spotting faces in the front of a car, or seeing different objects in clouds.[3]

During this effect, patterns can be significantly more pronounced than it would usually be during a sober state.[4][5] For example, remarkably detailed images may appear embedded in scenery, everyday objects may look like faces, and clouds may appear as fantastical objects all without any visual alterations taking place. Once an image has been perceived within an object or landscape, the mind may further exaggerate this recognition through the hallucinatory effect known as transformations, which goes beyond pareidolia and becomes a standard visual hallucination.

Pattern recognition enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as visual acuity enhancement and colour enhancement.[6][7] It is most commonly induced under the influence of mild dosages of psychedelic compounds, such as LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline.

Image examples



Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Liu, Jiangang; Li, Jun; Feng, Lu; Li, Ling; Tian, Jie; Lee, Kang (2014). "Seeing Jesus in toast: Neural and behavioral correlates of face pareidolia". Cortex. 53: 60–77. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.01.013. ISSN 0010-9452. 
  2. ↑ Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Kato, Masaharu; Mugitani, Ryoko (2015). "Pareidolia in Infants". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0118539. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118539. ISSN 1932-6203. 
  3. ↑ Abraham, Henry David (1983). "Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback". Archives of General Psychiatry. 40 (8): 884. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009. ISSN 0003-990X. 
  4. ↑ Belser, Alexander B.; Agin-Liebes, Gabrielle; Swift, T. Cody; Terrana, Sara; Devenot, Neşe; Friedman, Harris L.; Guss, Jeffrey; Bossis, Anthony; Ross, Stephen (2017). "Patient Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis". Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 57 (4): 354–388. doi:10.1177/0022167817706884. ISSN 0022-1678. 
  5. ↑ Halberstadt, Adam L. (2015). "Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens". Behavioural Brain Research. 277: 99–120. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016. ISSN 0166-4328. 
  6. ↑ Papoutsis, Ioannis; Nikolaou, Panagiota; Stefanidou, Maria; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris (2014). "25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9. ISSN 1860-8965. 
  7. ↑ Bersani, Francesco Saverio; Corazza, Ornella; Albano, Gabriella; Valeriani, Giuseppe; Santacroce, Rita; Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, Flaminia; Cinosi, Eduardo; Simonato, Pierluigi; Martinotti, Giovanni; Bersani, Giuseppe; Schifano, Fabrizio (2014). "25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug". BioMed Research International. 2014: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2014/734749. ISSN 2314-6133. 
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