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[[File:Tumblr_lticehT56V1qhd9lu.jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Parabolic Vehicle of Conception'' by [http://www.corpuscallosum.cc/parabolic.html Adam Scott Miller] - This serves as an example of visionary art which attempts to accurately portray and replicate the experience of [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] level 5 [[Visual_effects:_Geometry|geometry]] combined with level 3 [[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations|internal hallucinations]].]]
[[File:Tumblr_lticehT56V1qhd9lu.jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Parabolic Vehicle of Conception'' by [http://www.corpuscallosum.cc/parabolic.html Adam Scott Miller] - This serves as an example of visionary art which attempts to accurately portray and replicate the experience of [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] level 5 [[Visual_effects:_Geometry|geometry]] combined with level 3 [[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations|internal hallucinations]].]]
'''Internal hallucinations''' can be described as the perception of imagery and scenes which are experienced exclusively within a layer in front of one's open or closed eye vision and not seamlessly within the external environment around oneself.
An '''internal hallucination''' is defined as the perception of a visual hallucination that exclusively occurs within an imagined environment which can typically only be viewed with closed eyes,<ref name="Siegel1985">{{cite journal|last1=Siegel|first1=Ronald K.|title=LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|volume=17|issue=4|year=1985|pages=247–256|issn=0279-1072|doi=10.1080/02791072.1985.10524329}}</ref><ref name="KometerSchmidt2013">{{cite journal|last1=Kometer|first1=M.|last2=Schmidt|first2=A.|last3=Jancke|first3=L.|last4=Vollenweider|first4=F. X.|title=Activation of Serotonin 2A Receptors Underlies the Psilocybin-Induced Effects on   Oscillations, N170 Visual-Evoked Potentials, and Visual Hallucinations|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=33|issue=25|year=2013|pages=10544–10551|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3007-12.2013}}</ref> similar to those found within [[dreams]].<ref>Pekar, S. The connection between psilocybin and dreaming. https://www.lakeforest.edu/live/news/6657-the-connection-between-psilocybin-and-dreaming</ref><ref name="Kraehenmann2017">{{cite journal|last1=Kraehenmann|first1=Rainer|title=Dreams and Psychedelics: Neurophenomenological Comparison and Therapeutic Implications|journal=Current Neuropharmacology|volume=15|issue=7|year=2017|issn=1570159X|doi=10.2174/1573413713666170619092629}}</ref><ref name="de AraujoRibeiro2012">{{cite journal|last1=de Araujo|first1=Draulio B.|last2=Ribeiro|first2=Sidarta|last3=Cecchi|first3=Guillermo A.|last4=Carvalho|first4=Fabiana M.|last5=Sanchez|first5=Tiago A.|last6=Pinto|first6=Joel P.|last7=de Martinis|first7=Bruno S.|last8=Crippa|first8=Jose A.|last9=Hallak|first9=Jaime E.C.|last10=Santos|first10=Antonio C.|title=Seeing with the eyes shut: Neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion|journal=Human Brain Mapping|volume=33|issue=11|year=2012|pages=2550–2560|issn=10659471|doi=10.1002/hbm.21381}}</ref> This is in stark contrast to [[external hallucinations]], which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening.


At lower levels, internal hallucinations begin with imagery which does not take up the entirety of one's visual field and is distinctively separate from its background. These can be described as spontaneous moving or still images of scenes, concepts, places and anything one could possibly imagine. They are manifested in varying levels of detail ranging from ill-defined and cartoon-like in nature, to completely realistic and beyond realism through seemingly impossible non euclidean geometric forms. They rarely hold their form for more than a few seconds before fading or shifting into another image. The most universal of these images include:
At lower levels, internal hallucinations begin with imagery on the back of a person's eyelids which do not take up the entirety of one's visual field and are distinct from their background. These can be described as spontaneous moving or still images of scenes, concepts, places, and anything one could imagine. The imagery is manifested in varying levels of realism, ranging from ill-defined and cartoon-like in nature to wholly realistic. They rarely hold their form for more than a few seconds before fading or shifting into another image. It is worth noting that this level of intensity occurs in a highly similar manner to that of [[hypnagogia]], the state between sleep and wakefulness.


''everyday objects, living things, plants, animals, insects, architecture, structures, shapes, atoms, molecules, complex mathematical formulae/concepts, linguistic concepts, mechanisms, technology, machine creatures, words, text, numbers, fictional characters, geographic locations, memories, self-replicating machines, people, faces, eyes, body parts, organs, food, cultural references, fictional characters, logos, religious symbolism, creatures, monsters, demons, mythology, furniture and more.''
At higher levels, internal hallucinations become increasingly elaborate as they eventually become all-encompassing, fully-fledged 3D scenes which surround the person in a similar manner to that of [[dreams]]. This can create the feeling that one has "broken-through" into another reality. The things which occur within this perceived alternate reality can be anything but fall under common archetypes, such as contact with [[autonomous entities]] alongside a wide variety of [[Settings, sceneries, and landscapes|imagined landscapes]], and [[Scenarios and plots|scenarios]].


As these states of imagery become increasingly elaborate (proportional to dosage), they eventually become all-encompassing, fully-fledged 3D hallucinations which surround the person in a fashion similar to [[dreams]]. This creates the feeling that one has "broken through" into another reality. The things which occur within this perceived alternate reality can be anything but generally fall under common archetypes such as contact with [[autonomous entities]], [[Settings, sceneries, and landscapes|imagined landscapes]] and [[Scenarios and plots|scenarios]] that can seem so unlike anything previously experienced that they are likely too complex to be articulated using language.
This effect is capable of manifesting itself across 5 different levels of intensity which are described below:


The content of these experiences are often described to feel transcendental, mystical, spiritual and religious in nature, regardless of the user's religious or spiritual beliefs. It is not uncommon for people to report that higher levels of internal hallucination feel infinitely “more real” than anything the person has previously experienced.
#'''Enhancement of mental visualization''' - At the lowest level internal hallucinations can be defined as a distinct enhancement of mental visualisation that a person drifts into when daydreaming or using their imagination. It can be described as a short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings, during which a person's contact with reality is blurred and partially substituted by an ill-defined fantasy. The details of this internal visualisation are slightly spontaneous or autonomous in nature but are mostly controlled by the content of one's current thought stream.
#'''Partially defined imagery''' - At this level, internal hallucinations consist of partially defined, blurred, and faded imagery within a person's visual field.
#'''Fully defined imagery''' - At this level, the vividness and intensity increases in a fashion which renders the imagery seen within one's visual field as fully defined and realistic in its appearance.
#'''Partially defined immersion''' - At this level, the vividness, scope, and intensity of the hallucinations become all-encompassing in a way which begins to display momentary flashes of scenes which surround the person in an immersive environment in a similar fashion to that of a vague dream. Although all-encompassing, they are often blurred or transparent in appearance, and a person's physical body still feels as if it is partially connected to the real world.
#'''Fully defined immersion''' - At the highest level, the internal hallucinations further increase to become all-encompassing in a manner which displays long-lasting scenes which surround the person with an explorable and fully immersive environment which is similar to that of a dream. This occurs in a fashion which is entirely realistic, detailed, and highly vivid in its appearance. It typically also occurs alongside relevant [[Auditory hallucinations|auditory]] and [[Tactile hallucinations|tactile]] hallucinations, as well as the sensation that a person has become completely disconnected from their physical body.


Overall, the degrees of intensity can be broken down into five simple levels:
The content within these internal hallucinations can be further broken down into six distinct subcomponents. These are described and documented within their own dedicated articles, each of which are listed below:


#'''Enhancement of mental visualization''' - The lowest level of internal hallucination can be defined as a distinct enhancement of the heightened state of mental visualization that one drifts into when simply daydreaming or using the imagination. It can be described as a short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings, during which a person's contact with reality is blurred and partially substituted by an ill-defined fantasy. The generation of the details of this internal visualization are partially autonomous in nature but mostly controlled by the content of one's current thought stream.
*[[Autonomous entities]]
#'''Partially defined imagery''' - This level of internal hallucination generally consists of partially defined, blurred and faded imagery within one's peripheral vision.
*[[Object activation]]
#'''Fully defined imagery''' - As the vividness and intensity increases, the imagery eventually becomes fully defined and realistic enough in its appearance, detail and size that it starts to display itself within the one's direct line of sight.
*[[Perspective hallucination]]
#'''Partially defined breakthroughs''' - As the vividness and intensity further increases, the imagery eventually becomes fully defined, realistic and all-encompassing enough in their appearance, detail and size that they begin to display themselves as random flashes of spontaneous scenarios somewhat similar to dreams. Although all-encompassing, at this level they are partially to completely blurred and transparent in appearance with the one's physical body still feeling connected to the real world. These hallucinations will usually disappear or shift into another set of imagery after a very short period of time but are capable of becoming fully grounded and long-lasting in their manifestation.
*[[Scenarios and plots]]
#'''Fully defined breakthroughs''' - Once the internal hallucinations become sufficiently elaborate they eventually become all-encompassing, permanent, ever-shifting alternate realities which appear completely realistic, extremely detailed and highly vivid in their appearance. They also occur along side of accompanying relevant [[Auditory hallucination|auditory]] and [[Tactile hallucinations|tactile]] hallucinations as well as the sensation of a complete disconnection from the physical body.
*[[Settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]
*[[Shadow people]]


Internal hallucinations typically last anywhere from 30 seconds to several minutes before the person slips back into reality or into the presence of another hallucination. There are several different methods through which these hallucinations are shifted between.
It is worth noting that the content, style, and general behaviour of an internal hallucination is often largely dependent on the emotional state of the person experiencing it. For example, a person who is emotionally stable and generally happy will usually be more prone to experiencing neutral, interesting, or positive hallucinations. In contrast, however, a person who is emotionally unstable and generally unhappy will usually be more prone to experiencing sinister, fear-inducing, and negative hallucinations.


*'''Zooming''' - Images can switch between each other via the experience of one's vision zooming into or out from the current image to such an extent that it reveals an entirely new image.
Internal hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[geometry]], [[external hallucinations]] and [[delusions]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]], and [[deliriant|deliriants]]. However, they can also occur under the influence of [[stimulant psychosis]], [[sleep deprivation]], and during [[dreams]].
*'''Morphing''' - Images can switch between each other via transforming the details of their shape and structure to reveal an entirely new image. This can happen in a variety of different speeds and occur in the style of fluidlike motions.
====Transition styles====
*'''Sliding''' - Images can switch between each other by sliding in a direction to reveal an entirely new image behind them.
Internal hallucinations typically last anywhere between 30 seconds and several minutes before the person slips back into reality or the presence of another hallucination. There are several different methods through which these hallucinations are transitioned between, these are described and documented below:
*'''Fading''' - Images can switch between each other by fading into nothingness before fading back into an entirely new image.
*'''Splitting''' - Images can switch between each other via splitting into two or more sections which drift away from each other to reveal an entirely new image behind it.
*'''Tiling''' - Images can switch between each other by separating into a grid formation in which the comprising square shaped sections rotate at different speeds to reveal an entirely new image.
*'''Shape transitions''' - Images can switch between each other by being cut into different geometric sections of infinite variety which proceed to fade into an entirely new image.</onlyinclude>


The content within this component can be further broken down into four distinct subcomponents which are described and documented below.
*'''Zooming''' - Images can switch between each other via the experience of one's vision zooming into or out of the current image to such an extent that it reveals an entirely new hallucination.
*'''Morphing''' - Images can switch between each other by transforming the details of their shape and structure to show an entirely new image. This can happen in a variety of different speeds and typically occurs in the style of a fluidlike motion.
*'''Sliding''' - Images can switch between each other by sliding in a specific direction which then reveals an entirely new image behind them.
*'''Fading''' - Images can change between each other by fading into nothingness before a completely new image fades back into view.
*'''Splitting''' - Images can switch between each other by splitting into two or more sections which drift away from each other to reveal an entirely new hallucination behind it.
*'''Tiling''' - Images can switch between each other by separating into geometric formations which then slide or fade away from each other to reveal an entirely new hallucination behind them. </onlyinclude>


===Autonomous entities===
===Variations===
{{:Autonomous entities}}
The specific differences between each potential style of internal hallucination can be broken down into the following variations:
===Settings, Sceneries, and Landscapes===
{{:Settings, sceneries, and landscapes}}
===Alterations in Perspective===
{{:Alterations in perspective}}
===Scenarios and plots===
{{:Scenarios and plots}}


==Variations==
*'''Lucid vs. Delirious''' - Hallucinatory states can maintain a consistent level of awareness throughout them regarding the fact that none of these events are actually happening and that the current situation is simply a result of drug-induced hallucination. In contrast to this, hallucinations can also become completely believable, no matter how nonsensical they may be, in the same way, that one does not have any problem accepting "absurd" and non-linear plots within ones [[dreams]].
*'''Lucid vs. Delirious''' - Hallucinatory states can maintain a consistent level of awareness throughout them regarding the fact that none of these events are really happening and that the current situation is simply a result of drug-induced hallucination. In contrast to this, hallucinations can also become completely believable no matter how nonsensical they may be in exactly the same way that we do not have any problem accepting absurd and non-linear plots within our [[dreams]].
*'''Interactive vs. Fixed''' – Hallucinatory states can either present themselves as completely separate in a manner, that is similar to watching a video play out in front of one's field of vision, or they can be completely interactive. For example, conversing with [[autonomous entities]] or interacting with imagined objects in a fashion similar to [[lucid dreaming]] is entirely possible.
*'''Interactive vs. Fixed''' – Hallucinatory states can either present themselves as completely separate in a manner that is similar to watching a video play out in front of one's field of vision or they can be completely interactive. For example, conversing with [[autonomous entities]] or interacting with imagined objects in a fashion similar to [[lucid dreaming]] is entirely possible.
*'''New experiences vs. Memory replays''' – Regarding their subject matter, hallucinations can either be entirely new experiences or they can follow themes of normal, everyday situations and a replaying of specific memories.
*'''New experiences vs. Memory replays''' – In terms of their subject matter, hallucinations can either be entirely new experiences or they can follow themes of normal every day concepts and a replaying of specific memories.
*'''Controllable vs. Autonomous''' – Imagery and hallucinations can be partially to completely controllable. This can be described as the content of their appearance always seeming to perfectly follow and fit the general topic and subject matter of one's current thought stream, with varying levels of partial to absolute control. In contrast, autonomous hallucinations are completely spontaneous in their subject matter and entirely uncontrollable.
*'''Controllable vs. Autonomous''' – Imagery and hallucinations can be partially to completely controllable. This can be described as the content of their appearance always seeming to perfectly follow and fit the general topic and subject matter of one's current thought stream with varying levels of partial to absolute control. In contrast, autonomous hallucinations are completely spontaneous in their subject matter and entirely uncontrollable.
*'''Geometry-based vs. Solid''' – Hallucinations can be comprised of condensed [[psychedelic]] [[geometry]] or they can appear to be made from realistic materials.
*'''Geometry based vs. Solid''' – Hallucinations can be comprised of condensed [[psychedelic]] [[geometry]] or they can appear as made from realistic materials.


==Psychoactive substances==
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substances]][[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
 
===Experience reports===
==Experience reports==
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
==See also==
===See also===
 
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
Line 61: Line 61:
*[[Visual effects: External hallucinations|External hallucinations]]
*[[Visual effects: External hallucinations|External hallucinations]]


[[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Hallucinatory]] [[Category:Effect]] {{proofread}}
===External links===
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination Hallucination (Wikipedia)]


===References===
<references />
[[Category:Sensory]]
[[Category:Visual]]
[[Category:Hallucinatory]]
[[Category:Effect]]
{{#set:Featured=true
{{#set:Featured=true
|Belongs to=Visual effects
|Belongs to=Visual effects
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 03:53, 9 July 2025

Parabolic Vehicle of Conception by Adam Scott Miller - This serves as an example of visionary art which attempts to accurately portray and replicate the experience of psychedelic level 5 geometry combined with level 3 internal hallucinations.

An internal hallucination is defined as the perception of a visual hallucination that exclusively occurs within an imagined environment which can typically only be viewed with closed eyes,[1][2] similar to those found within dreams.[3][4][5] This is in stark contrast to external hallucinations, which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening.

At lower levels, internal hallucinations begin with imagery on the back of a person's eyelids which do not take up the entirety of one's visual field and are distinct from their background. These can be described as spontaneous moving or still images of scenes, concepts, places, and anything one could imagine. The imagery is manifested in varying levels of realism, ranging from ill-defined and cartoon-like in nature to wholly realistic. They rarely hold their form for more than a few seconds before fading or shifting into another image. It is worth noting that this level of intensity occurs in a highly similar manner to that of hypnagogia, the state between sleep and wakefulness.

At higher levels, internal hallucinations become increasingly elaborate as they eventually become all-encompassing, fully-fledged 3D scenes which surround the person in a similar manner to that of dreams. This can create the feeling that one has "broken-through" into another reality. The things which occur within this perceived alternate reality can be anything but fall under common archetypes, such as contact with autonomous entities alongside a wide variety of imagined landscapes, and scenarios.

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across 5 different levels of intensity which are described below:

  1. Enhancement of mental visualization - At the lowest level internal hallucinations can be defined as a distinct enhancement of mental visualisation that a person drifts into when daydreaming or using their imagination. It can be described as a short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings, during which a person's contact with reality is blurred and partially substituted by an ill-defined fantasy. The details of this internal visualisation are slightly spontaneous or autonomous in nature but are mostly controlled by the content of one's current thought stream.
  2. Partially defined imagery - At this level, internal hallucinations consist of partially defined, blurred, and faded imagery within a person's visual field.
  3. Fully defined imagery - At this level, the vividness and intensity increases in a fashion which renders the imagery seen within one's visual field as fully defined and realistic in its appearance.
  4. Partially defined immersion - At this level, the vividness, scope, and intensity of the hallucinations become all-encompassing in a way which begins to display momentary flashes of scenes which surround the person in an immersive environment in a similar fashion to that of a vague dream. Although all-encompassing, they are often blurred or transparent in appearance, and a person's physical body still feels as if it is partially connected to the real world.
  5. Fully defined immersion - At the highest level, the internal hallucinations further increase to become all-encompassing in a manner which displays long-lasting scenes which surround the person with an explorable and fully immersive environment which is similar to that of a dream. This occurs in a fashion which is entirely realistic, detailed, and highly vivid in its appearance. It typically also occurs alongside relevant auditory and tactile hallucinations, as well as the sensation that a person has become completely disconnected from their physical body.

The content within these internal hallucinations can be further broken down into six distinct subcomponents. These are described and documented within their own dedicated articles, each of which are listed below:

It is worth noting that the content, style, and general behaviour of an internal hallucination is often largely dependent on the emotional state of the person experiencing it. For example, a person who is emotionally stable and generally happy will usually be more prone to experiencing neutral, interesting, or positive hallucinations. In contrast, however, a person who is emotionally unstable and generally unhappy will usually be more prone to experiencing sinister, fear-inducing, and negative hallucinations.

Internal hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as geometry, external hallucinations and delusions. They are most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of hallucinogenic compounds, such as psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. However, they can also occur under the influence of stimulant psychosis, sleep deprivation, and during dreams.

Transition styles

Internal hallucinations typically last anywhere between 30 seconds and several minutes before the person slips back into reality or the presence of another hallucination. There are several different methods through which these hallucinations are transitioned between, these are described and documented below:

  • Zooming - Images can switch between each other via the experience of one's vision zooming into or out of the current image to such an extent that it reveals an entirely new hallucination.
  • Morphing - Images can switch between each other by transforming the details of their shape and structure to show an entirely new image. This can happen in a variety of different speeds and typically occurs in the style of a fluidlike motion.
  • Sliding - Images can switch between each other by sliding in a specific direction which then reveals an entirely new image behind them.
  • Fading - Images can change between each other by fading into nothingness before a completely new image fades back into view.
  • Splitting - Images can switch between each other by splitting into two or more sections which drift away from each other to reveal an entirely new hallucination behind it.
  • Tiling - Images can switch between each other by separating into geometric formations which then slide or fade away from each other to reveal an entirely new hallucination behind them.

Variations

The specific differences between each potential style of internal hallucination can be broken down into the following variations:

  • Lucid vs. Delirious - Hallucinatory states can maintain a consistent level of awareness throughout them regarding the fact that none of these events are actually happening and that the current situation is simply a result of drug-induced hallucination. In contrast to this, hallucinations can also become completely believable, no matter how nonsensical they may be, in the same way, that one does not have any problem accepting "absurd" and non-linear plots within ones dreams.
  • Interactive vs. Fixed – Hallucinatory states can either present themselves as completely separate in a manner, that is similar to watching a video play out in front of one's field of vision, or they can be completely interactive. For example, conversing with autonomous entities or interacting with imagined objects in a fashion similar to lucid dreaming is entirely possible.
  • New experiences vs. Memory replays – Regarding their subject matter, hallucinations can either be entirely new experiences or they can follow themes of normal, everyday situations and a replaying of specific memories.
  • Controllable vs. Autonomous – Imagery and hallucinations can be partially to completely controllable. This can be described as the content of their appearance always seeming to perfectly follow and fit the general topic and subject matter of one's current thought stream, with varying levels of partial to absolute control. In contrast, autonomous hallucinations are completely spontaneous in their subject matter and entirely uncontrollable.
  • Geometry-based vs. Solid – Hallucinations can be comprised of condensed psychedelic geometry or they can appear to be made from realistic materials.

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

... further results

See also

References

  1. ↑ Siegel, Ronald K. (1985). "LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 17 (4): 247–256. doi:10.1080/02791072.1985.10524329. ISSN 0279-1072. 
  2. ↑ Kometer, M.; Schmidt, A.; Jancke, L.; Vollenweider, F. X. (2013). "Activation of Serotonin 2A Receptors Underlies the Psilocybin-Induced Effects on   Oscillations, N170 Visual-Evoked Potentials, and Visual Hallucinations". Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (25): 10544–10551. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3007-12.2013. ISSN 0270-6474. 
  3. ↑ Pekar, S. The connection between psilocybin and dreaming. https://www.lakeforest.edu/live/news/6657-the-connection-between-psilocybin-and-dreaming
  4. ↑ Kraehenmann, Rainer (2017). "Dreams and Psychedelics: Neurophenomenological Comparison and Therapeutic Implications". Current Neuropharmacology. 15 (7). doi:10.2174/1573413713666170619092629. ISSN 1570-159X. 
  5. ↑ de Araujo, Draulio B.; Ribeiro, Sidarta; Cecchi, Guillermo A.; Carvalho, Fabiana M.; Sanchez, Tiago A.; Pinto, Joel P.; de Martinis, Bruno S.; Crippa, Jose A.; Hallak, Jaime E.C.; Santos, Antonio C. (2012). "Seeing with the eyes shut: Neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion". Human Brain Mapping. 33 (11): 2550–2560. doi:10.1002/hbm.21381. ISSN 1065-9471. 
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