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<onlyinclude>'''Confusion''' | <onlyinclude>'''Confusion''' is defined as an impairment of abstract thinking demonstrated by an inability to think with one’s customary | ||
clarity and coherence.<ref name="Burns2004">{{cite journal|last1=Burns|first1=A|title=Delirium|journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry|volume=75|issue=3|year=2004|pages=362–367|issn=0022-3050|doi=10.1136/jnnp.2003.023366}}</ref> Within the context of substance use, it is commonly experienced as a persistent inability to grasp or comprehend concepts and situations which would otherwise be perfectly understandable during sobriety. The intensity of this effect seems to to be further increased with unfamiliarity<ref name="SheehanLewis2016">{{cite journal|last1=Sheehan|first1=Peter W.|last2=Lewis|first2=Sue-Ellen|title=Subjects' Reports of Confusion in Consciousness and the Arousal of Imagery|journal=Perceptual and Motor Skills|volume=38|issue=3|year=2016|pages=731–734|issn=0031-5125|doi=10.2466/pms.1974.38.3.731}}</ref> in either setting or substance ingested. | |||
Confusion is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[delirium]], [[delusions]], and [[memory suppression|short term memory suppression]] in a manner which further increases | Confusion is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[delirium]], [[delusions]], and [[memory suppression|short term memory suppression]] in a manner which further increases the person's lack of comprehension. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[hallucinogenic]] compounds, such as [[psychedelic|psychedelics]],<ref name="LuKrebs2013">{{cite journal|last1=Lu|first1=Lin|last2=Krebs|first2=Teri S.|last3=Johansen|first3=Pål-Ørjan|title=Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=8|issue=8|year=2013|pages=e63972|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0063972}}</ref> [[dissociative|dissociatives]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Mozayani, A.)) | journal=Forensic Science Review | title=Phencyclidine - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=61–74 | date= January 2003 | issn=1042-7201}}</ref> [[synthetic_cannabinoid|synthetic cannabinoids]],<ref name="ChaseHawkins2015">{{cite journal|last1=Chase|first1=Peter B.|last2=Hawkins|first2=Jeff|last3=Mosier|first3=Jarrod|last4=Jimenez|first4=Ernest|last5=Boesen|first5=Keith|last6=Logan|first6=Barry K.|last7=Walter|first7=Frank G.|title=Differential physiological and behavioral cues observed in individuals smoking botanical marijuana versus synthetic cannabinoid drugs|journal=Clinical Toxicology|volume=54|issue=1|year=2015|pages=14–19|issn=1556-3650|doi=10.3109/15563650.2015.1101769}}</ref> and [[deliriant|deliriants]].<ref name="Kalisch EllettPratt2014">{{cite journal|last1=Kalisch Ellett|first1=Lisa M.|last2=Pratt|first2=Nicole L.|last3=Ramsay|first3=Emmae N.|last4=Barratt|first4=John D.|last5=Roughead|first5=Elizabeth E.|title=Multiple Anticholinergic Medication Use and Risk of Hospital Admission for Confusion or Dementia|journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society|volume=62|issue=10|year=2014|pages=1916–1922|issn=00028614|doi=10.1111/jgs.13054}}</ref> However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of heavy dosages of [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]]<ref name="NicholsonBalster2001">{{cite journal|last1=Nicholson|first1=Katherine L.|last2=Balster|first2=Robert L.|title=GHB: a new and novel drug of abuse|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=63|issue=1|year=2001|pages=1–22|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(00)00191-5}}</ref> and [[antipsychotic|antipsychotics]]<ref name="Kalisch EllettPratt2014" />.</onlyinclude> | ||
===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include: | ||
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Confusion]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | {{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Confusion]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | ||
===Experience reports=== | |||
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include: | |||
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Confusion]]|format=ul|Columns=2}} | |||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
| Line 11: | Line 15: | ||
*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]] | *[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]] | ||
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]] | *[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]] | ||
==External links== | ===External links=== | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion Confusion (Wikipedia)] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion Confusion (Wikipedia)] | ||
[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category: | ===References=== | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Cognitive]] | |||
[[Category:Depression]] | |||
[[Category:Effect]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:20, 7 October 2022
Confusion is defined as an impairment of abstract thinking demonstrated by an inability to think with one’s customary clarity and coherence.[1] Within the context of substance use, it is commonly experienced as a persistent inability to grasp or comprehend concepts and situations which would otherwise be perfectly understandable during sobriety. The intensity of this effect seems to to be further increased with unfamiliarity[2] in either setting or substance ingested.
Confusion is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as delirium, delusions, and short term memory suppression in a manner which further increases the person's lack of comprehension. It is most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of hallucinogenic compounds, such as psychedelics,[3] dissociatives,[4] synthetic cannabinoids,[5] and deliriants.[6] However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of heavy dosages of benzodiazepines[7] and antipsychotics[6].
Psychoactive substances
Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:
- 3-MMC
- 3C-E
- 3C-P
- 4-AcO-DMT
- 4-FA
- 4-HO-MiPT
- 5-MeO-DMT
- Alprazolam
- Baclofen
- DPT
- Datura
- Dextromethorphan
- Dextropropoxyphene
- DiPT
- Diphenhydramine
- ETH-LAD
- Efavirenz
- Flunitrazepam
- GBL
- Harmala alkaloid
- LSM-775
- MDMA
- MDPV
- MET
- Myristicin
- PARGY-LAD
- PRO-LAD
- Promethazine
- Psilocin
- Psilocybin mushrooms
- Salvinorin A
- Temazepam
- Zolpidem
Experience reports
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our experience index include:
- Experience:120µg LSD - First Bad Acid Trip, Psychosis
- Experience:17mg 3-MeO-PCP & Cannabis oil - Terrifying confusion
- Experience:5g Mushrooms - Failed attempt at a Terence Mckenna style trip.
- Experience:60mg 4-AcO-DMT Nonstop Quasi-Orgasmic Objectless Euphoria
- Experience:Alprazolam (24 mg) - Into the Void
- Experience:DPH (750 mg) - The Dancing Invisible Men Come to Life!
- Experience:DXM and Cannabis: 100mg - Unexpected Strong Trip
- Experience:LSD (150µg) + Cannabis - 150µg lsd and a shitload of weed
- Experience:LSD (400ug, Oral) - An afternoon in "a" garden
- Experience:Mushrooms (~0.5 g) - Autonomous Voice
- Experience:Mushrooms and Snuff Films -- Trip Report (3.5 grams)
- Experience:Unknown Dose DOC (Insufflated) - Overdosing and Terifying Ego Death
- Experience:~150mg MDA(oral) - a case of mistaken identity
See also
- Responsible use
- Subjective effects index
- Psychedelics - Subjective effects
- Dissociatives - Subjective effects
- Deliriants - Subjective effects
External links
References
- ↑ Burns, A (2004). "Delirium". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 75 (3): 362–367. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.023366. ISSN 0022-3050.
- ↑ Sheehan, Peter W.; Lewis, Sue-Ellen (2016). "Subjects' Reports of Confusion in Consciousness and the Arousal of Imagery". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 38 (3): 731–734. doi:10.2466/pms.1974.38.3.731. ISSN 0031-5125.
- ↑ Lu, Lin; Krebs, Teri S.; Johansen, Pål-Ørjan (2013). "Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study". PLoS ONE. 8 (8): e63972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063972. ISSN 1932-6203.
- ↑ Mozayani, A. (January 2003). "Phencyclidine - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior". Forensic Science Review. 15 (1): 61–74. ISSN 1042-7201.
- ↑ Chase, Peter B.; Hawkins, Jeff; Mosier, Jarrod; Jimenez, Ernest; Boesen, Keith; Logan, Barry K.; Walter, Frank G. (2015). "Differential physiological and behavioral cues observed in individuals smoking botanical marijuana versus synthetic cannabinoid drugs". Clinical Toxicology. 54 (1): 14–19. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1101769. ISSN 1556-3650.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kalisch Ellett, Lisa M.; Pratt, Nicole L.; Ramsay, Emmae N.; Barratt, John D.; Roughead, Elizabeth E. (2014). "Multiple Anticholinergic Medication Use and Risk of Hospital Admission for Confusion or Dementia". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 62 (10): 1916–1922. doi:10.1111/jgs.13054. ISSN 0002-8614.
- ↑ Nicholson, Katherine L.; Balster, Robert L. (2001). "GHB: a new and novel drug of abuse". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 63 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(00)00191-5. ISSN 0376-8716.