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Visual acuity enhancement: Difference between revisions

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{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/IndolentDeliriousGiantschnauzer.webm|400x225|right|'''Visual Acuity enhancement''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This animation serves as a replication visual acuity enhancement which is a common [[psychedelic]] effect. It demonstrates the general differences between normal vision and acuity enhancement by shifting between the two states. There is also a subtle amount of visual [[drifting]] within this replication.|frame}}
{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/IndolentDeliriousGiantschnauzer.webm|400x225|right|'''Visual acuity enhancement''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This animation serves as a replication of visual acuity enhancement, which is a common [[psychedelic]] effect. It demonstrates the general differences between normal vision and acuity enhancement by shifting between the two states. There is also a subtle amount of visual [[drifting]] within this replication.|frame}}
'''Acuity enhancement''' is defined as an enhancement of the acuteness or clearness of vision. This results in the visual details attributed to the external environment becoming heightened to the point where the edges of objects become extremely focused, clear and defined. At its highest level one may experience a new-found ability to comprehend the entire visual field at once (including the peripheral vision). In comparison, when one is sober their vision is only able to perceive the small area that their eye is currently focused on.  
'''Visual acuity enhancement''' is defined as a heightening of the clearness and clarity of vision. This results in the visual details of the external environment becoming sharpened to the point where the edges of objects become perceived as extremely focused, clear, and defined. The experience of this acuity enhancement can be likened to bringing a camera or projector lens that was slightly blurry into focus. At its highest level, a person may experience the ability to observe and comprehend their entire visual field simultaneously, including their peripheral vision. This is in contrast to the default sober state where a person is only able to perceive the small area of central vision in detail.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Sardegna, J.)), ((Shelly, S.)) | date= 2002 | title=The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment | publisher=Infobase Publishing | isbn=9780816066230 | access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>


Whilst under the influence of this component, it is very common for people to suddenly notice patterns and details that they may have never previously appreciated or acknowledged. For example, when looking at sceneries, nature, and everyday textures, the complexity and beauty of the visual input suddenly becomes overwhelmingly obvious.
While under the influence of this effect, it is common for people to suddenly notice patterns and details in the environment they may have never previously noticed or appreciated. For example, the complexity and perceived beauty of the visual input often become apparent when looking at sceneries, nature, and everyday textures.
 
Visual acuity enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[color enhancement]] and [[pattern recognition enhancement]].<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="BersaniCorazza2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bersani|first1=Francesco Saverio|last2=Corazza|first2=Ornella|last3=Albano|first3=Gabriella|last4=Valeriani|first4=Giuseppe|last5=Santacroce|first5=Rita|last6=Bolzan Mariotti Posocco|first6=Flaminia|last7=Cinosi|first7=Eduardo|last8=Simonato|first8=Pierluigi|last9=Martinotti|first9=Giovanni|last10=Bersani|first10=Giuseppe|last11=Schifano|first11=Fabrizio|title=25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2014|year=2014|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2014/734749}}</ref> It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#mild|mild]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of certain [[stimulants]] and [[dissociatives]] such as [[MDMA]] or [[3-MeO-PCP]].
====Image examples====
====Image examples====
<center>
<center>
{{Gallery|[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]}}
{{Gallery|[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]][[Category:Replication]]}}
</center>
</center>
</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>
===Analysis===
It is thought that a fundamental feature of information-processing dysfunction in both hallucinogen-induced states and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is the inability of these people to screen out, inhibit, filter, or gate irrelevant stimuli and to attend selectively to more important features of the environment.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preliminary evidence of an association between sensorimotor gating and distractibility in psychosis|journal=The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences|volume=8|issue=1|year=1996|pages=60–66|issn=0895-0172|doi=10.1176/jnp.8.1.60}}</ref><ref name="McGhieChapman1961">{{cite journal|last1=McGhie|first1=Andrew|last2=Chapman|first2=James|title=Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia|journal=British Journal of Medical Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|year=1961|pages=103–116|issn=00071129|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x}}</ref><ref name="Vollenweider2007">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=F.|title=Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research|journal=Pharmacopsychiatry|volume=31|issue=S 2|year=2007|pages=92–103|issn=0176-3679|doi=10.1055/s-2007-979353}}</ref>
The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Goddard, A. W.)), ((Charney, D. S.)) | journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | title=Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder | volume=58 Suppl 2 | pages=4-11; discussion 11-12 | date= 1997 | issn=0160-6689}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steriade|first1=M| journal=Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms | title=Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert states | date= 1988 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550126241024}}</ref><ref name="SteriadeMcCormick1993">{{cite journal|last1=Steriade|first1=M|last2=McCormick|first2=D.|last3=Sejnowski|first3=T.|title=Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain|journal=Science|volume=262|issue=5134|year=1993|pages=679–685|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.8235588}}</ref><ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref> The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems<ref name="VollenweiderGeyer2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X|last2=Geyer|first2=Mark A|title=A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses|journal=Brain Research Bulletin|volume=56|issue=5|year=2001|pages=495–507|issn=03619230|doi=10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vollenweider|first1=Franz X | journal=Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research | title=Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness | volume=1 | pages=21–32 | date= 1998 | url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572261550401338880}}</ref> may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various [[visual enhancements|visual]], [[tactile enhancement|tactile]], and [[auditory enhancement|auditory enhancements]] which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience.
It is important to note that while environmental gating may be lowered, psychedelics' suggestibility intensifications and restructuring of internalized hierarchy of narratives within conscious experience plays a role in projecting personal biases outwards in the form of hallucinations. A psychedelic experience is not by necessity a 'more raw' version of reality.
===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
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{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===See also===
===See also===
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Magnification]]
*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]


[[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Enhancement]] [[Category:Effect]]
===External links===
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity Visual acuity (Wikipedia)]
 
===References===
<references />
[[Category:Sensory]]
[[Category:Visual]]  
[[Category:Enhancement]]  
[[Category:Effect]]

Latest revision as of 01:21, 4 October 2022

{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/IndolentDeliriousGiantschnauzer.webm%7C400x225%7Cright%7CVisual acuity enhancement by StingrayZ - This animation serves as a replication of visual acuity enhancement, which is a common psychedelic effect. It demonstrates the general differences between normal vision and acuity enhancement by shifting between the two states. There is also a subtle amount of visual drifting within this replication.|frame}} Visual acuity enhancement is defined as a heightening of the clearness and clarity of vision. This results in the visual details of the external environment becoming sharpened to the point where the edges of objects become perceived as extremely focused, clear, and defined. The experience of this acuity enhancement can be likened to bringing a camera or projector lens that was slightly blurry into focus. At its highest level, a person may experience the ability to observe and comprehend their entire visual field simultaneously, including their peripheral vision. This is in contrast to the default sober state where a person is only able to perceive the small area of central vision in detail.[1]

While under the influence of this effect, it is common for people to suddenly notice patterns and details in the environment they may have never previously noticed or appreciated. For example, the complexity and perceived beauty of the visual input often become apparent when looking at sceneries, nature, and everyday textures.

Visual acuity enhancement is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as color enhancement and pattern recognition enhancement.[2][3] It is most commonly induced under the influence of mild dosages of psychedelic compounds, such as LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of certain stimulants and dissociatives such as MDMA or 3-MeO-PCP.

Image examples



Analysis

It is thought that a fundamental feature of information-processing dysfunction in both hallucinogen-induced states and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is the inability of these people to screen out, inhibit, filter, or gate irrelevant stimuli and to attend selectively to more important features of the environment.[4][5][6]

The CSTC model of the brain posits that the thalamus plays a key role in controlling or gating external sensory information to the conscious faculties and is thereby fundamentally involved in the regulation of a person's awareness and attention.[7][8][9][10] The interruption of psychedelics to these neural pathways that inhibit the sensory gating systems[10][11] may, therefore, result in an enhanced availability of sensory information which is usually filtered out by these systems. This process is likely also involved in the various visual, tactile, and auditory enhancements which commonly occur when under the influence of a psychedelic experience.

It is important to note that while environmental gating may be lowered, psychedelics' suggestibility intensifications and restructuring of internalized hierarchy of narratives within conscious experience plays a role in projecting personal biases outwards in the form of hallucinations. A psychedelic experience is not by necessity a 'more raw' version of reality.

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sardegna, J., Shelly, S. (2002). The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9780816066230. 
  2. ↑ Papoutsis, Ioannis; Nikolaou, Panagiota; Stefanidou, Maria; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris (2014). "25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9. ISSN 1860-8965. 
  3. ↑ Bersani, Francesco Saverio; Corazza, Ornella; Albano, Gabriella; Valeriani, Giuseppe; Santacroce, Rita; Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, Flaminia; Cinosi, Eduardo; Simonato, Pierluigi; Martinotti, Giovanni; Bersani, Giuseppe; Schifano, Fabrizio (2014). "25C-NBOMe: Preliminary Data on Pharmacology, Psychoactive Effects, and Toxicity of a New Potent and Dangerous Hallucinogenic Drug". BioMed Research International. 2014: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2014/734749. ISSN 2314-6133. 
  4. ↑ "Preliminary evidence of an association between sensorimotor gating and distractibility in psychosis". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 8 (1): 60–66. 1996. doi:10.1176/jnp.8.1.60. ISSN 0895-0172. 
  5. ↑ McGhie, Andrew; Chapman, James (1961). "Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia". British Journal of Medical Psychology. 34 (2): 103–116. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x. ISSN 0007-1129. 
  6. ↑ Vollenweider, F. (2007). "Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research". Pharmacopsychiatry. 31 (S 2): 92–103. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979353. ISSN 0176-3679. 
  7. ↑ Goddard, A. W., Charney, D. S. (1997). "Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 58 Suppl 2: 4–11; discussion 11–12. ISSN 0160-6689. 
  8. ↑ Steriade, M (1988). "Intrathalamic and brainstem-thalamic networks involved in resting and alert states". Cellular Thalamic Mechanisms. 
  9. ↑ Steriade, M; McCormick, D.; Sejnowski, T. (1993). "Thalamocortical oscillations in the sleeping and aroused brain". Science. 262 (5134): 679–685. doi:10.1126/science.8235588. ISSN 0036-8075. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Vollenweider, Franz X; Geyer, Mark A (2001). "A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses". Brain Research Bulletin. 56 (5): 495–507. doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3. ISSN 0361-9230. 
  11. ↑ Vollenweider, Franz X (1998). "Recent advances and concepts in the search for biological correlates of hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness". Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research. 1: 21–32. 
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