Warning
This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.

After images: Difference between revisions

From PsychonautWiki Archive
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
>Graham
m Grammatics
>Graham
m Put a ref into wiki format
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>
{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/PepperyMedicalAfghanhound.webm|400x225|right|'''After images''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This image serves as an accurate portrayal of the commonly experienced [[psychedelic]] effect known as after images. There is also a significant amount of [[drifting|visual drifting]] within its background.|frame}}
{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/PepperyMedicalAfghanhound.webm|400x225|right|'''After images''' by '''[https://www.reddit.com/user/StingrayZ StingrayZ]''' - This image serves as an accurate portrayal of the commonly experienced [[psychedelic]] effect known as after images. There is also a significant amount of [[drifting|visual drifting]] within its background.|frame}}
'''After images''' are a visual distortion that can be described as an image continuing to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased.<ref>Kawasaki, A., & Purvin, V. (1996). Persistent palinopsia following ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Archives of Ophthalmology, 114(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130045007</ref><ref name="Visual_Function_1988">Abraham, H. D., & Wolf, E. (1988). Visual function in past users of LSD: Psychophysical findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(4), 443. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.443</ref><ref>Abraham HD. Hallucinogen-related disorders. In: Sadock BJ,
'''After images''' (also known as '''palinopsia''') are defined as visual perceptions which continue to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased.<ref name="KleinmanGillin1977">{{cite journal|last1=Kleinman|first1=J. E.|last2=Gillin|first2=J. C.|last3=Wyatt|first3=R. J.|title=A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=3|issue=4|year=1977|pages=560–586|issn=0586-7614|doi=10.1093/schbul/3.4.560}}</ref><ref name="Abraham1983">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry David|title=Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=40|issue=8|year=1983|pages=884|issn=0003-990X|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009}}</ref><ref name="BenderFeldman1968">{{cite journal|last1=Bender|first1=Morris B.|last2=Feldman|first2=Martin|last3=Sobin|first3=Allan J.|title=PALINOPSIA|journal=Brain|volume=91|issue=2|year=1968|pages=321–338|issn=0006-8950|doi=10.1093/brain/91.2.321}}</ref> A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to [[tracers]], but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.
Sadock VA, eds. Kaplan and Sadock’s comprehensive textbook
of psychiatry, seventh edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams,
& Wilkins, 2000:1015–1024.</ref><ref name="Psych2002">Abraham, H. D., Mccann, U. D., & Ricaurte, G. A. (2002). Psychedelic drugs. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.623.299</ref><ref>Bressloff, P. C., Cowan, J. D., Golubitsky, M., Thomas, P. J., & Wiener, M. C. (2001). Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 356(1407), 300. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0769</ref><ref>Kluver, H. 1966 Mescal and mechanisms and hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.</ref><ref>Kleinman, J. E., Gillin, J. C., & Wyatt, R. J. (1977). A comparison of the phenomenology of hallucinogens and schizophrenia from some autobiographical accounts. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 3(4), 562. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/3.4.560</ref><ref name="25B">Papoutsis, I., Nikolaou, P., Stefanidou, M., Spiliopoulou, C., & Athanaselis, S. (2015). 25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers. Forensic Toxicology, 33(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9</ref><ref name="VisualPhen">Abraham, H. D. (1983). Visual phenomenology of the LSD flashback. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40(8), 886-887. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/493119</ref> A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to [[tracers]], but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.


During [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] experiences, still overlayed images of moving objects are commonly left in place of where the object once was.<ref name="VisualPhen"/><ref name="VisualTrails">Dubois, J., & VanRullen, R. (2011). Visual trails: do the doors of perception open periodically?. PLoS biology, 9(5), e1001056. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001056</ref><ref name="Trifluoperazine">Anderson, W. H., & O'Malley, J. E. (1972). Trifluoperazine for the trailing phenomenon. JAMA, 220(9), 1244-1245. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1972.03200090066017</ref> This creates a series of overlayed images across one's visual field which become less distinct the further away they are from the moving object's current position. Another manifestation of this effect can be described as being able to see the external environment for several seconds after one closes their eyes before it gradually fades away.
During [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] experiences, moving objects can produce a trail of overlayed, still images behind their path of motion.<ref name="Abraham1983" /><ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014">{{cite journal|last1=Papoutsis|first1=Ioannis|last2=Nikolaou|first2=Panagiota|last3=Stefanidou|first3=Maria|last4=Spiliopoulou|first4=Chara|last5=Athanaselis|first5=Sotiris|title=25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=33|issue=1|year=2014|pages=1–11|issn=1860-8965|doi=10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9}}</ref><ref name="AbrahamWolf1988">{{cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Henry D.|last2=Wolf|first2=Ernst|title=Visual function in past users of LSD: Psychophysical findings.|journal=Journal of Abnormal Psychology|volume=97|issue=4|year=1988|pages=443–447|issn=1939-1846|doi=10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.443}}</ref><ref name="Kawasaki1996">{{cite journal|last1=Kawasaki|first1=Aki|title=Persistent Palinopsia Following Ingestion of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)|journal=Archives of Ophthalmology|volume=114|issue=1|year=1996|pages=47|issn=0003-9950|doi=10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130045007}}</ref><ref name="DuboisVanRullen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Dubois|first1=Julien|last2=VanRullen|first2=Rufin|title=Visual Trails: Do the Doors of Perception Open Periodically?|journal=PLoS Biology|volume=9|issue=5|year=2011|pages=e1001056|issn=1545-7885|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001056}}</ref><ref>Ermentrout B. The excited cortex - LSD trails, phosphenes, and other visual confections. 1999. 201 Eighth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; July 1999. Abstracts.</ref> This creates a series of overlayed images of a moving object across one's visual field which become more faded the longer the duration since the object occupied that location in space. Another common manifestation of this effect is being able to see a residual image of the external environment for several seconds after one closes their eyes before it gradually fades away.


After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[tracers]]<ref name="Visual_Function_1988"/><ref name="Psych2002"/><ref name="VisualPhen"/><ref>Asher, H. (1971). Trailing” phenomenon–a long-lasting LSD side effect. Am J Psychiatry, 127(9), 1233-4. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.127.9.1233</ref><ref name="Trifluoperazine"/> and [[drifting]].<ref name="25B"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]]. Visual trailing phenomena is associated with 5-HT2 receptor stimulation.<ref name="Psych2002"/><ref>Halberstadt, A. L. (2015). Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens. Behavioural brain research, 277, 99-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbr.2014.07.016</ref><ref>Lauterbach, E., Abdelhamid, A., & Annandale, J. B. (2000). Posthallucinogen-like visual illusions (palinopsia) with risperidone in a patient without previous hallucinogen exposure: possible relation to serotonin 5HT2a receptor blockade. Pharmacopsychiatry, 33(01), 38-41.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8452</ref></onlyinclude>
After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[tracers]]<ref name="AbrahamWolf1988" /><ref name="Asher1971">{{cite journal|last1=Asher|first1=Harvey|title="Trailing" Phenomenon—A Long-Lasting LSD Side Effect|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=127|issue=9|year=1971|pages=1233–1234|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.127.9.1233}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwartz|first1=K.| journal=American Journal of Psychiatry | title=Nefazodone and visual side effects | volume=154 | issue=7 | pages=1038a–11038 | date=1997 | url=http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.154.7.1038a | doi=10.1176/ajp.154.7.1038a}}</ref> and [[drifting]].<ref name="PapoutsisNikolaou2014" /> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds, such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]].<ref name="LauterbachAbdelhamid2000">{{cite journal|last1=Lauterbach|first1=E.|last2=Abdelhamid|first2=A.|last3=Annandale|first3=J.|title=Posthallucinogen-Like Visual Illusions (Palinopsia) with Risperidone in a Patient without Previous Hallucinogen Exposure: Possible Relation to Serotonin 5HT2a Receptor Blockade|journal=Pharmacopsychiatry|volume=33|issue=01|year=2000|pages=38–41|issn=0176-3679|doi=10.1055/s-2000-8452}}</ref> However, trailing effects have also been experienced with other drugs of a very different pharmacology, such as GABA potentiators.<ref name="DuboisVanRullen2011" /></onlyinclude>
===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Line 23: Line 20:
===External links===
===External links===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage Afterimage (Wikipedia)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage Afterimage (Wikipedia)]
[[Category:Visual]] [[Category:Distortion]] [[Category:Effect]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_polyopia Polyopia (Wikipedia)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCollough_effect McCollough effect (Wikipedia)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinopsia Palinopsia (Wikipedia)]
 
===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Sensory]]
[[Category:Visual]]
[[Category:Distortion]]
[[Category:Effect]]

Latest revision as of 17:04, 20 May 2022

{{#ev:gfycat|https://giant.gfycat.com/PepperyMedicalAfghanhound.webm%7C400x225%7Cright%7CAfter images by StingrayZ - This image serves as an accurate portrayal of the commonly experienced psychedelic effect known as after images. There is also a significant amount of visual drifting within its background.|frame}} After images (also known as palinopsia) are defined as visual perceptions which continue to appear in one's vision after exposure to the original image has ceased.[1][2][3] A common form of after image is the bright glow that seems to float in one's vision after looking into a light source for a few seconds. This effect is similar to tracers, but differs in that it does not create smooth blurs behind moving objects.

During hallucinogenic experiences, moving objects can produce a trail of overlayed, still images behind their path of motion.[2][4][5][6][7][8] This creates a series of overlayed images of a moving object across one's visual field which become more faded the longer the duration since the object occupied that location in space. Another common manifestation of this effect is being able to see a residual image of the external environment for several seconds after one closes their eyes before it gradually fades away.

After images are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as tracers[5][9][10] and drifting.[4] They are most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of psychedelic compounds, such as LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline.[11] However, trailing effects have also been experienced with other drugs of a very different pharmacology, such as GABA potentiators.[7]

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kleinman, J. E.; Gillin, J. C.; Wyatt, R. J. (1977). "A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts*". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 3 (4): 560–586. doi:10.1093/schbul/3.4.560. ISSN 0586-7614. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abraham, Henry David (1983). "Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback". Archives of General Psychiatry. 40 (8): 884. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009. ISSN 0003-990X. 
  3. ↑ Bender, Morris B.; Feldman, Martin; Sobin, Allan J. (1968). "PALINOPSIA". Brain. 91 (2): 321–338. doi:10.1093/brain/91.2.321. ISSN 0006-8950. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Papoutsis, Ioannis; Nikolaou, Panagiota; Stefanidou, Maria; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris (2014). "25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9. ISSN 1860-8965. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Abraham, Henry D.; Wolf, Ernst (1988). "Visual function in past users of LSD: Psychophysical findings". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 97 (4): 443–447. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.443. ISSN 1939-1846. 
  6. ↑ Kawasaki, Aki (1996). "Persistent Palinopsia Following Ingestion of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)". Archives of Ophthalmology. 114 (1): 47. doi:10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130045007. ISSN 0003-9950. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dubois, Julien; VanRullen, Rufin (2011). "Visual Trails: Do the Doors of Perception Open Periodically?". PLoS Biology. 9 (5): e1001056. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001056. ISSN 1545-7885. 
  8. ↑ Ermentrout B. The excited cortex - LSD trails, phosphenes, and other visual confections. 1999. 201 Eighth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; July 1999. Abstracts.
  9. ↑ Asher, Harvey (1971). ""Trailing" Phenomenon—A Long-Lasting LSD Side Effect". American Journal of Psychiatry. 127 (9): 1233–1234. doi:10.1176/ajp.127.9.1233. ISSN 0002-953X. 
  10. ↑ Schwartz, K. (1997). "Nefazodone and visual side effects". American Journal of Psychiatry. 154 (7): 1038a–11038. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.1038a. 
  11. ↑ Lauterbach, E.; Abdelhamid, A.; Annandale, J. (2000). "Posthallucinogen-Like Visual Illusions (Palinopsia) with Risperidone in a Patient without Previous Hallucinogen Exposure: Possible Relation to Serotonin 5HT2a Receptor Blockade". Pharmacopsychiatry. 33 (01): 38–41. doi:10.1055/s-2000-8452. ISSN 0176-3679. 
Retrieved from "http://psy.st/w/index.php?title=After_images&oldid=129067"