Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive substances that produce powerful alterations in perception, mood, and various cognitive processes. Hallucinogens represent one of the three major classes of psychoactive substances: the other two are stimulants ("uppers") and depressants ("downers"). However, hallucinogens are claimed to be distinct from stimulants and depressants in that they do not merely amplify or dull existing states of consciousness but instead produce qualitatively unique states in which the environment and self are perceived in a new fashion.

Notably, hallucinogens are commonly reported to be able to facilitate self-understanding and self-discovery. Hallucinogenic experiences are often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as lucid dreaming, meditation, religious, mystical or transpersonal experiences, hallucinations, and states of psychosis.

Hallucinogens can be classified into three categories:

• psychedelics (e.g. LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, DMT, etc.)
• dissociatives (e.g. ketamine, PCP, DXM, etc.)
• deliriants (e.g. DPH, scopolamine, datura, etc)

Each category is associated with a unique mechanism of action, subjective effects, therapeutic potential, and health risks. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using these substances.

Despite their name, most hallucinogens rather induce pseudohallucinations than 'true' halluciantions, which cannot be distinguished from normal reality. Pseudohallucinations, on the other hand, are recognised as such by the user. These are common with psychedelics and dissociatives, while 'true' hallucinations are induced by deliriants in most cases.

List of hallucinogens

Psychedelics Lysergamides 1B-LSD 1P-ETH-LAD 1P-LSD AL-LAD ALD-52 ETH-LAD LSA LSD LSM-775 LSZ MiPLA PARGY-LAD PRO-LAD Base Tryptamines DMT MET DET MPT EPT DPT DiPT MiPT EiPT PiPT aMT Substituted Tryptamines 4-AcO-DET (Ethacetin) 4-AcO-DMT (Psilacetin) 4-AcO-DPT 4-AcO-DiPT (Ipracetin) 4-AcO-EPT 4-AcO-MET (Metacetin, Azomet) 4-AcO-MPT 4-AcO-MiPT (Mipracetin) 4-HO-DET (Ethocin) 4-HO-DMT (Psilocin) 4-HO-DPT 4-HO-DiPT (Iprocin) 4-HO-EPT 4-HO-MET (Metocin) 4-HO-MPT 4-HO-MiPT (Miprocin) 4-PO-DMT (Psilocybin) 5-HO-DMT (Bufotenin) 5-MeO-DALT 5-MeO-DMT 5-MeO-DiPT (Foxy) 5-MeO-MALT 5-MeO-MiPT (Moxy) Ibogaine Phenethylamines Allylescaline Escaline Mescaline Methallylescaline Proscaline 2C-x 2C-B 2C-B-FLY 2C-C 2C-D 2C-E 2C-H 2C-G-5 2C-I 2C-P 2C-T-2 2C-T-21 2C-T-7 ßk-2C-B DOx DOB DOC DOI DOM 25x-NBOMe 25B-NBOMe 25C-NBOMe 25D-NBOMe 25I-NBOMe 25N-NBOMe 25x-NBOH 25B-NBOH 25C-NBOH 25I-NBOH Others 3C-E 5-MeO-DiBF Bromo-DragonFLY Efavirenz TMA-2 TMA-6

Entheogens Acacia confusa Amanita muscaria Ayahuasca Banisteriopsis caapi Cannabis Chacruna Datura Hawaiian baby woodrose Iboga Mimosa hostilis Morning glory Psilocybe mushroom Psychedelic cacti Salvia divinorum Syrian rue Yopo Dissociatives Arylcyclohexylamines 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2F-K) 2'-Oxo-PCE (O-PCE) 2'-Oxo-PCM (O-PCM / Deschloroketamine (DCK) / DXE) 3-HO-PCE 3-HO-PCP 3-MeO-PCE 3-MeO-PCMo 3-MeO-PCP 4-MeO-PCP Eticyclidine (PCE) Ketamine Methoxetamine (MXE) Methoxmetamine (MXM) Phencyclidine (PCP) Morphinans Dextromethorphan (DXM) Dextrorphan (DXO) Diarylethylamines Diphenidine Ephenidine Methoxphenidine (MXP) Others Ibogaine Memantine Nitrous oxide Xenon Deliriants Tropane alkaloids Atropine Hyoscyamine Scopolamine Antihistamines Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Others Benzydamine Elemicin Mirtazapine Myristicin

Cannabinoids Phytocannabinoids Cannabinol (CBN) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Synthetic cannabinoids 5F-AKB48 5F-PB-22 AB-CHMINACA AB-FUBINACA APICA (2NE1) JWH-018 JWH-073 STS-135 THJ-018 THJ-2201 UR-144 Miscellaneous GABA-A receptor agonists Muscimol Z-drugs Zaleplon Zopiclone Zolpidem κ-opioid receptor agonists Ibogaine Mirtazapine Salvinorin A Salvinorin B β-Carbolines Harmaline Harmine Tetrahydroharmine Combinations Ayahuasca

See also

• Responsible use
• Psychonautics
• Psychoactive substance index
• Meditation
• Lucid dreaming

External links

• Hallucinogens (Wikipedia)

Literature

• Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002