This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-08T03:33:20Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
Hallucinogens: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
>Atrpntime m Added link to Aminita Muscaria to Muscimol in the list of hallucinogens, |
>White m Reverted edits by Atrpntime (talk) to last revision by LockPicker |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
'''Hallucinogens''' are a class of [[psychoactive substances]] that produce powerful alterations in perception, mood, and various cognitive processes.<ref>Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002</ref> Hallucinogens represent one of the three major classes of psychoactive substances: the other two are [[stimulants]] ("uppers") and [[depressants]] ("downers"). However, hallucinogens are claimed to be distinct from stimulants and depressants in that they do not merely amplify or dull existing states of consciousness but instead produce qualitatively unique states in which the environment and self are perceived in a new fashion. | '''Hallucinogens''' are a class of [[psychoactive substances]] that produce powerful alterations in perception, mood, and various cognitive processes.<ref>Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002</ref> Hallucinogens represent one of the three major classes of psychoactive substances: the other two are [[stimulants]] ("uppers") and [[depressants]] ("downers"). However, hallucinogens are claimed to be distinct from stimulants and depressants in that they do not merely amplify or dull existing states of consciousness but instead produce qualitatively unique states in which the environment and self are perceived in a new fashion. | ||
| Line 6: | Line 5: | ||
Hallucinogens can be classified into three categories: | Hallucinogens can be classified into three categories: | ||
*'''[[psychedelics]]''' (e.g. [[LSD]], [[psilocybin mushrooms]], [[DMT]], etc.) | *'''[[psychedelics]]''' (e.g. [[LSD]], [[psilocybin mushrooms]], [[DMT]], etc.) | ||
*'''[[dissociatives]]''' (e.g. [[ketamine]], [[PCP]], [[DXM]], etc.) | *'''[[dissociatives]]''' (e.g. [[ketamine]], [[PCP]], [[DXM]], etc.) | ||
*'''[[deliriants]]''' (e.g. [[DPH]], [[scopolamine]], [[datura]], etc) | *'''[[deliriants]]''' (e.g. [[DPH]], [[scopolamine]], [[datura]], etc) | ||
Each category is associated with a unique mechanism of action, subjective effects, therapeutic potential, and health risks. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using these substances. | Each category is associated with a unique mechanism of action, subjective effects, therapeutic potential, and health risks. It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using these substances. | ||
| Line 41: | Line 39: | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Base Tryptamines]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Base Tryptamines]]</h4> | ||
*[[DMT]] | * [[DMT]] | ||
*[[MET]] | * [[MET]] | ||
*[[DET]] | * [[DET]] | ||
*[[MPT]] | * [[MPT]] | ||
*[[EPT]] | * [[EPT]] | ||
*[[DPT]] | * [[DPT]] | ||
*[[DiPT]] | * [[DiPT]] | ||
*[[MiPT]] | * [[MiPT]] | ||
*[[EiPT]] | * [[EiPT]] | ||
*[[PiPT]] | * [[PiPT]] | ||
*[[aMT]] | * [[aMT]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Substituted Tryptamines]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Substituted Tryptamines]]</h4> | ||
*[[4-AcO-DET]] (''Ethacetin'') | * [[4-AcO-DET]] (''Ethacetin'') | ||
*[[4-AcO-DMT]] (''Psilacetin'') | * [[4-AcO-DMT]] (''Psilacetin'') | ||
*[[4-AcO-DPT]] | * [[4-AcO-DPT]] | ||
*[[4-AcO-DiPT]] (''Ipracetin'') | * [[4-AcO-DiPT]] (''Ipracetin'') | ||
*[[4-AcO-EPT]] | * [[4-AcO-EPT]] | ||
*[[4-AcO-MET]] (''Metacetin'', ''Azomet'') | * [[4-AcO-MET]] (''Metacetin'', ''Azomet'') | ||
*[[4-AcO-MPT]] | * [[4-AcO-MPT]] | ||
*[[4-AcO-MiPT]] (''Mipracetin'') | * [[4-AcO-MiPT]] (''Mipracetin'') | ||
*[[4-HO-DET]] (''Ethocin'') | * [[4-HO-DET]] (''Ethocin'') | ||
*[[4-HO-DMT]] (''Psilocin'') | * [[4-HO-DMT]] (''Psilocin'') | ||
*[[4-HO-DPT]] | * [[4-HO-DPT]] | ||
*[[4-HO-DiPT]] (''Iprocin'') | * [[4-HO-DiPT]] (''Iprocin'') | ||
*[[4-HO-EPT]] | * [[4-HO-EPT]] | ||
*[[4-HO-MET]] (''Metocin'') | * [[4-HO-MET]] (''Metocin'') | ||
*[[4-HO-MPT]] | * [[4-HO-MPT]] | ||
*[[4-HO-MiPT]] (''Miprocin'') | * [[4-HO-MiPT]] (''Miprocin'') | ||
*[[4-PO-DMT]] (''Psilocybin'') | * [[4-PO-DMT]] (''Psilocybin'') | ||
*[[5-HO-DMT]] (''Bufotenin'') | * [[5-HO-DMT]] (''Bufotenin'') | ||
*[[5-MeO-DALT]] | * [[5-MeO-DALT]] | ||
*[[5-MeO-DMT]] | * [[5-MeO-DMT]] | ||
*[[5-MeO-DiPT]] (''Foxy'') | * [[5-MeO-DiPT]] (''Foxy'') | ||
*[[5-MeO-MALT]] | * [[5-MeO-MALT]] | ||
*[[5-MeO-MiPT]] (''Moxy'') | * [[5-MeO-MiPT]] (''Moxy'') | ||
*[[Ibogaine]] | * [[Ibogaine]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Phenethylamines]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Phenethylamines]]</h4> | ||
*[[Allylescaline]] | * [[Allylescaline]] | ||
*[[Escaline]] | * [[Escaline]] | ||
*[[Mescaline]] | * [[Mescaline]] | ||
*[[Methallylescaline]] | * [[Methallylescaline]] | ||
*[[Proscaline]] | * [[Proscaline]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[2C-x]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[2C-x]]</h4> | ||
*[[2C-B]] | * [[2C-B]] | ||
*[[2C-B-FLY]] | * [[2C-B-FLY]] | ||
*[[2C-C]] | * [[2C-C]] | ||
*[[2C-D]] | * [[2C-D]] | ||
*[[2C-E]] | * [[2C-E]] | ||
*[[2C-H]] | * [[2C-H]] | ||
*[[2C-G-5]] | * [[2C-G-5]] | ||
*[[2C-I]] | * [[2C-I]] | ||
*[[2C-P]] | * [[2C-P]] | ||
*[[2C-T-2]] | * [[2C-T-2]] | ||
*[[2C-T-21]] | * [[2C-T-21]] | ||
*[[2C-T-7]] | * [[2C-T-7]] | ||
*[[ßk-2C-B]] | * [[ßk-2C-B]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[DOx]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[DOx]]</h4> | ||
*[[DOB]] | * [[DOB]] | ||
*[[DOC]] | * [[DOC]] | ||
*[[DOI]] | * [[DOI]] | ||
*[[DOM]] | * [[DOM]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[25x-NBOMe]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[25x-NBOMe]]</h4> | ||
*[[25B-NBOMe]] | * [[25B-NBOMe]] | ||
*[[25C-NBOMe]] | * [[25C-NBOMe]] | ||
*[[25D-NBOMe]] | * [[25D-NBOMe]] | ||
*[[25I-NBOMe]] | * [[25I-NBOMe]] | ||
*[[25N-NBOMe]] | * [[25N-NBOMe]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[25x-NBOH]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[25x-NBOH]]</h4> | ||
*[[25B-NBOH]] | * [[25B-NBOH]] | ||
*[[25C-NBOH]] | * [[25C-NBOH]] | ||
*[[25I-NBOH]] | * [[25I-NBOH]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">Others</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">Others</h4> | ||
*[[3C-E]] | * [[3C-E]] | ||
*[[5-MeO-DiBF]] | * [[5-MeO-DiBF]] | ||
*[[Bromo-DragonFLY]] | * [[Bromo-DragonFLY]] | ||
*[[Efavirenz]] | * [[Efavirenz]] | ||
*[[TMA-2]] | * [[TMA-2]] | ||
*[[TMA-6]] | * [[TMA-6]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
| Line 149: | Line 147: | ||
<ul class="featured-table"> | <ul class="featured-table"> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
*[[Acacia confusa]] | * [[Acacia confusa]] | ||
*[[Amanita muscaria (mycology)| Amanita muscaria]] | * [[Amanita muscaria (mycology)| Amanita muscaria]] | ||
*[[Ayahuasca]] | * [[Ayahuasca]] | ||
*[[Banisteriopsis caapi]] | * [[Banisteriopsis caapi]] | ||
*[[Cannabis]] | * [[Cannabis]] | ||
*[[Chacruna]] | * [[Chacruna]] | ||
*[[Datura]] | * [[Datura]] | ||
*[[Hawaiian baby woodrose]] | * [[Hawaiian baby woodrose]] | ||
*[[Iboga]] | * [[Iboga]] | ||
*[[Mimosa hostilis]] | * [[Mimosa hostilis]] | ||
*[[Morning glory]] | * [[Morning glory]] | ||
*[[Psilocybe mushroom]] | * [[Psilocybe mushroom]] | ||
*[[Psychedelic cacti]] | * [[Psychedelic cacti]] | ||
*[[Salvia divinorum]] | * [[Salvia divinorum]] | ||
*[[Syrian rue]] | * [[Syrian rue]] | ||
*[[Yopo]] | * [[Yopo]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
| Line 193: | Line 191: | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Morphinan]]s</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Morphinan]]s</h4> | ||
*[[Dextromethorphan]] (''DXM'') | * [[Dextromethorphan]] (''DXM'') | ||
*[[Dextrorphan]] (''DXO'') | * [[Dextrorphan]] (''DXO'') | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Diarylethylamines]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Diarylethylamines]]</h4> | ||
*[[Diphenidine]] | * [[Diphenidine]] | ||
*[[Ephenidine]] | * [[Ephenidine]] | ||
*[[Methoxphenidine]] (''MXP'') | * [[Methoxphenidine]] (''MXP'') | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">Others</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">Others</h4> | ||
*[[Ibogaine]] | * [[Ibogaine]] | ||
*[[Memantine]] | * [[Memantine]] | ||
*[[Nitrous oxide]] | * [[Nitrous oxide]] | ||
*[[Xenon]] | * [[Xenon]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
| Line 221: | Line 219: | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Tropane alkaloids]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Tropane alkaloids]]</h4> | ||
*[[Atropine]] | * [[Atropine]] | ||
*[[Hyoscyamine]] | * [[Hyoscyamine]] | ||
*[[Scopolamine]] | * [[Scopolamine]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Antihistamines]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Antihistamines]]</h4> | ||
*[[Diphenhydramine]] | * [[Diphenhydramine]] | ||
*[[Doxylamine]] | * [[Doxylamine]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">Others</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">Others</h4> | ||
*[[Benzydamine]] | * [[Benzydamine]] | ||
*[[Elemicin]] | * [[Elemicin]] | ||
*[[Mirtazapine]] | * [[Mirtazapine]] | ||
*[[Myristicin]] | * [[Myristicin]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
| Line 249: | Line 247: | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[Cannabinoid#Phytocannabinoids|Phytocannabinoid]]s</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[Cannabinoid#Phytocannabinoids|Phytocannabinoid]]s</h4> | ||
*[[Cannabinol]] (''CBN'') | * [[Cannabinol]] (''CBN'') | ||
*[[Tetrahydrocannabinol]] (''THC'') | * [[Tetrahydrocannabinol]] (''THC'') | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
| Line 277: | Line 275: | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[GABA|GABA-A receptor agonists]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[GABA|GABA-A receptor agonists]]</h4> | ||
*[[ | * [[Muscimol]] | ||
*[[Z-drug|Z-drugs]] | * [[Z-drug|Z-drugs]] | ||
**[[Zaleplon]] | ** [[Zaleplon]] | ||
**[[Zopiclone]] | ** [[Zopiclone]] | ||
**[[Zolpidem]] | ** [[Zolpidem]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[κ-opioid receptor agonists]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[κ-opioid receptor agonists]]</h4> | ||
*[[Ibogaine]] | * [[Ibogaine]] | ||
*[[Mirtazapine]] | * [[Mirtazapine]] | ||
*[[Salvinorin A]] | * [[Salvinorin A]] | ||
*[[Salvinorin B]] | * [[Salvinorin B]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">[[β-Carbolines]]</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">[[β-Carbolines]]</h4> | ||
*[[Harmaline]] | * [[Harmaline]] | ||
*[[Harmine]] | * [[Harmine]] | ||
*[[Tetrahydroharmine]] | * [[Tetrahydroharmine]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
<li class="featured list-item"> | <li class="featured list-item"> | ||
<h4 class="media-heading">Combinations</h4> | <h4 class="media-heading">Combinations</h4> | ||
*[[Ayahuasca]] | * [[Ayahuasca]] | ||
</li> | </li> | ||
| Line 309: | Line 307: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Responsible use]] | *[[Responsible use]] | ||
*[[Psychonautics]] | *[[Psychonautics]] | ||
| Line 317: | Line 314: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/hallucinogens Hallucinogens (Wikipedia)] | *[https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/hallucinogens Hallucinogens (Wikipedia)] | ||
==Literature== | ==Literature== | ||
*Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002 | *Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002 | ||
Revision as of 12:30, 1 April 2020
Hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive substances that produce powerful alterations in perception, mood, and various cognitive processes.[1] Hallucinogens represent one of the three major classes of psychoactive substances: the other two are stimulants ("uppers") and depressants ("downers"). However, hallucinogens are claimed to be distinct from stimulants and depressants in that they do not merely amplify or dull existing states of consciousness but instead produce qualitatively unique states in which the environment and self are perceived in a new fashion.
Notably, hallucinogens are commonly reported to be able to facilitate self-understanding and self-discovery. Hallucinogenic experiences are often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as lucid dreaming, meditation, religious, mystical or transpersonal experiences, hallucinations, and states of psychosis.
Hallucinogens can be classified into three categories:
- psychedelics (e.g. LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, DMT, etc.)
- dissociatives (e.g. ketamine, PCP, DXM, etc.)
- deliriants (e.g. DPH, scopolamine, datura, etc)
Each category is associated with a unique mechanism of action, subjective effects, therapeutic potential, and health risks. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using these substances.
Despite their name, most hallucinogens rather induce pseudohallucinations than 'true' halluciantions, which cannot be distinguished from normal reality. Pseudohallucinations, on the other hand, are recognised as such by the user.[2] These are common with psychedelics and dissociatives, while 'true' hallucinations are induced by deliriants in most cases.
List of hallucinogens
Psychedelics
|
Dissociatives
|
See also
External links
Literature
- Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002
References
- ↑ Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 101(2), 131-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002
- ↑ Telles-Correia, Diogo; Moreira, Ana Lúcia; Gonçalves, João S. (2015). "Hallucinations and related concepts—their conceptual background". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 991. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00991. ISSN 1664-1078. OCLC 701805890. PMC 4515540
. PMID 26283978.