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Double vision: Difference between revisions

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'''Double vision''' can be the described as the experience of duplicated vision<ref>Watts, A. This Is It. New York: Pantheon Books, Inc., 1960.</ref><ref>Marsh, A. (1979). Visual hallucinations during hallucinogenic experience and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 5(4), 628. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/5.4.627</ref>, similar to that which occurs when one crosses their eyes. Depending on the intensity, this effect can result in a reduced ability to function and perform basic tasks which necessitate the use of sight.
'''Double vision''' is the experience of seeing duplicated vision<ref>https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/double-vision-diplopia-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment#1</ref><ref>Marsh, A. (1979). Visual hallucinations during hallucinogenic experience and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 5(4), 628. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/5.4.627</ref>, similar to that which occurs when one crosses their eyes. Depending on the intensity, this effect can result in a reduced ability to function and perform basic tasks which necessitate the use of sight.


The effect can easily be suppressed by closing one eye. This suggests that the effect may be occurring because the brain is overlaying the data received from both eyes on top of each other without rendering the information into a singular 3-dimensional image as it normally would during everyday life.
The effect can easily be suppressed by closing one eye. This suggests that the effect may be occurring because the brain is overlaying the data received from both eyes on top of each other without rendering the information into a singular 3-dimensional image as it normally would during everyday life.
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#'''Intense''' - At the highest level, double vision becomes so intense that the person will no longer be able to accurately perceive small and large-scale visual details of their environment. This will necessitate that the person closes one of their eyes at all time in order to function as they would sober.
#'''Intense''' - At the highest level, double vision becomes so intense that the person will no longer be able to accurately perceive small and large-scale visual details of their environment. This will necessitate that the person closes one of their eyes at all time in order to function as they would sober.


Double vision is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity suppression]]<ref>Smith, J. L., & Buncic, J. R. (1999). Drugs which can affect near vision: a useful list. American Orthoptic Journal, 49, 180-190. https://uwpress.wisc.edu/journals/pdfs/AOJ_49_178.pdf</ref> and [[pattern recognition suppression]]. This effect is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[depressant]] and [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[alcohol]], [[quetiapine]], [[ketamine]], and [[DXM]].  
Double vision is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[acuity suppression]] and [[pattern recognition suppression]]. This effect is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[depressant]] and [[dissociative]] compounds, such as [[alcohol]], [[quetiapine]], [[ketamine]], and [[DXM]].<ref>Smith, J. L., & Buncic, J. R. (1999). Drugs which can affect near vision: a useful list. American Orthoptic Journal, 49, 180-190. https://uwpress.wisc.edu/journals/pdfs/AOJ_49_178.pdf</ref> However, it can also occur much less consistently under a wide range of other classes of compounds such as [[hallucinogen|hallucinogens]], [[stimulant|stimulants]], [[deliriant|anticholingerics]], [[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor|SSRI's]], [[opioid|opioids]], [[GABAergic|GABAergics]], and [[cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].
====Image examples====
====Image examples====
<center>{{Gallery|[[Effect::Double vision]]}}</center></onlyinclude>
<center>{{Gallery|[[Effect::Double vision]]}}</center></onlyinclude>

Revision as of 00:56, 10 June 2018

Double vision is the experience of seeing duplicated vision[1][2], similar to that which occurs when one crosses their eyes. Depending on the intensity, this effect can result in a reduced ability to function and perform basic tasks which necessitate the use of sight.

The effect can easily be suppressed by closing one eye. This suggests that the effect may be occurring because the brain is overlaying the data received from both eyes on top of each other without rendering the information into a singular 3-dimensional image as it normally would during everyday life.

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 3 different levels of intensity described below:

  1. Subtle - At the lowest level, double vision is subtle and mostly ignorable in a manner which, although obviously present, is still not intense enough to render the person incapable of perceiving visual details necessary for tasks such as reading text or crossing a busy street.
  2. Distinct - At this level, double vision becomes intense enough to result in extreme difficulty performing tasks which require the perception of fine details, such as reading. However, the perception of large-scale details such as the person's general environment tends to remain readily perceivable with both eyes open.
  3. Intense - At the highest level, double vision becomes so intense that the person will no longer be able to accurately perceive small and large-scale visual details of their environment. This will necessitate that the person closes one of their eyes at all time in order to function as they would sober.

Double vision is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as acuity suppression and pattern recognition suppression. This effect is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of depressant and dissociative compounds, such as alcohol, quetiapine, ketamine, and DXM.[3] However, it can also occur much less consistently under a wide range of other classes of compounds such as hallucinogens, stimulants, anticholingerics, SSRI's, opioids, GABAergics, and cannabinoids.

Image examples

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

See also

References

  1. ↑ https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/double-vision-diplopia-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment#1
  2. ↑ Marsh, A. (1979). Visual hallucinations during hallucinogenic experience and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 5(4), 628. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/5.4.627
  3. ↑ Smith, J. L., & Buncic, J. R. (1999). Drugs which can affect near vision: a useful list. American Orthoptic Journal, 49, 180-190. https://uwpress.wisc.edu/journals/pdfs/AOJ_49_178.pdf
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