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Auditory distortion: Difference between revisions

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An '''auditory distortion''' can be described as the experience of perceived alterations in how audible noises present and structure themselves.<ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref><ref name="Walsh2001">Walsh, S. L., Strain, E. C., Abreu, M. E., & Bigelow, G. E. (2001). Enadoline, a selective kappa opioid agonist: comparison with butorphanol and hydromorphone in humans. Psychopharmacology, 157(2), 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100788</ref><ref>Gorman, E. M., & Carroll, R. T. (2000). Substance abuse and HIV: considerations with regard to methamphetamines and other recreational drugs for nursing practice and research. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 11(2), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-3290(06)60286-0</ref><ref>Mehta, U. M., Naveen Kumar, C., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Thirthalli, J. (2017). Multimodal sensory distortions in postpartum exacerbation of schizophrenia. Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses, 10(4), 222-224. https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.MEKU.112013</ref>
An '''auditory distortion''' can be described as the experience of perceived alterations in how audible noises present and structure themselves.<ref name="Carbonaro2013">Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x</ref><ref name="Juszczak2013">Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570</ref><ref>Mehta, U. M., Naveen Kumar, C., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Thirthalli, J. (2017). Multimodal sensory distortions in postpartum exacerbation of schizophrenia. Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses, 10(4), 222-224. https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.MEKU.112013</ref><ref name="Weinel2016"/>


These distortions can manifest in many styles, but commonly take the form of echoes or murmurs which rise in the wake of each sound and are accompanied by fluctuating changes in speed and pitch.<ref name="Weinel2016">Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633</ref><ref name="Strassman2000"> Strassman, R. (2000). DMT: The spirit molecule: A doctor's revolutionary research into the biology of near-death and mystical experiences. Simon and Schuster.</ref><ref name="Stanciu2016">N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013</ref> This can intensify up to the point where sounds are consistently followed by continuous reverberation,<ref name="Espiard2005">Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008</ref> often rendering the original sound completely unrecognizable. However, it often quickly resets to base level and starts over if the source of noise is stopped or changed.
These distortions can manifest in many styles, but commonly take the form of echoes or murmurs which rise in the wake of each sound and are accompanied by fluctuating changes in speed and pitch.<ref name="Weinel2016">Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633</ref><ref name="Strassman2000"> Strassman, R. (2000). DMT: The spirit molecule: A doctor's revolutionary research into the biology of near-death and mystical experiences. Simon and Schuster.</ref><ref name="Stanciu2016">N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013</ref> This can intensify up to the point where sounds are consistently followed by continuous reverberation,<ref name="Espiard2005">Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008</ref> often rendering the original sound completely unrecognizable. However, it often quickly resets to base level and starts over if the source of noise is stopped or changed.
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The experience of this effect can be broken down into three distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:
The experience of this effect can be broken down into three distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:


#'''Mild''' - At the lowest level of intensity, auditory distortions consist of subtle and spontaneous reverberation,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Strassman2000"/><ref name="Espiard2005"/> echo effects,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Stanciu2016"/> and changes in pitch<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Strassman2000"/><ref name="Stanciu2016"/><ref>Carbonaro, T. M., Eshleman, A. J., Forster, M. J., Cheng, K., Rice, K. C., & Gatch, M. B. (2015). The role of 5-HT 2A, 5-HT 2C and mGlu2 receptors in the behavioral effects of tryptamine hallucinogens N, N-dimethyltryptamine and N, N-diisopropyltryptamine in rats and mice. Psychopharmacology, 232(1), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3658-3</ref><ref name="Shulgin1997">Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.</ref><ref name="Shulgin1980">Shulgin, A. T., & Carter, M. F. (1980). N, N-Diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT) and 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT). Two orally active tryptamine analogs with CNS activity. Communications in psychopharmacology, 4(5), 363-369. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6949674</ref><ref>Strassman, R. J., Qualls, C. R., & Berg, L. M. (1996). Differential tolerance to biological and subjective effects of four closely spaced doses of N, N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. Biological psychiatry, 39(9), 784-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)00200-6</ref><ref name="Carbonaro2013">Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x</ref> of noises within the external environment. They are fleeting, low in intensity, and easy to ignore.
#'''Mild''' - At the lowest level of intensity, auditory distortions consist of subtle and spontaneous reverberation,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Strassman2000"/><ref name="Espiard2005"/> echo effects,<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Stanciu2016"/> and changes in pitch<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Strassman2000"/><ref name="Stanciu2016"/><ref name="Shulgin1997">Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.</ref><ref>Strassman, R. J., Qualls, C. R., & Berg, L. M. (1996). Differential tolerance to biological and subjective effects of four closely spaced doses of N, N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. Biological psychiatry, 39(9), 784-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)00200-6</ref> of noises within the external environment. They are fleeting, low in intensity, and easy to ignore.
#'''Distinct''' - At this level, auditory distortions consist of distinctly noticeable, spontaneous echo effects and changes in pitch attributed to noises within the external environment. Thy are long and drawn out and loud enough to become difficult to ignore.
#'''Distinct''' - At this level, auditory distortions consist of distinctly noticeable, spontaneous echo effects and changes in pitch attributed to noises within the external environment. Thy are long and drawn out and loud enough to become difficult to ignore.
#'''All-encompassing''' - At the highest level, auditory distortions become constant and impossible to ignore. The complexity of the resulting alterations quickly renders the original sound as unintelligible.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/>
#'''All-encompassing''' - At the highest level, auditory distortions become constant and impossible to ignore. The complexity of the resulting alterations quickly renders the original sound as unintelligible.<ref name="Juszczak2013"/>


Auditory distortions are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory hallucinations]],<ref name="Stanciu2016"/><ref name="Shulgin1997"/><ref name="Shulgin1980"/><ref name="Carbonaro2013"/><ref name="Cuomo1994">Cuomo, M. J., Dyment, P. G., & Gammino, V. M. (1994). Increasing Use of “Ecstasy “(MDMA) and other Hallucinogens on a College Campus. Journal of American College Health, 42(6), 271-274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7913938</ref> [[auditory suppression]], and [[auditory enhancement]].<ref name="Juszczak2013"/><ref name="Weinel2016"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds,<ref>Meatherall, R., & Sharma, P. (2003). Foxy, a designer tryptamine hallucinogen. Journal of analytical toxicology, 27(5), 313-317. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=F3773EF1876BD69CAF408DA77CCBF8EF?doi=10.1.1.689.2033&rep=rep1&type=pdf</ref><ref>Mowry, M., Mosher, M., & Briner, W. (2003). Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 35(3), 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2003.10400021</ref><ref>Leake, C. D. (1972). Hallucinogenic Drug Reaction—MDA. JAMA, 219(8), 1069-1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1972.03190340073029</ref> such as [[LSD]], [[5-MeO-DiPT]],<ref name="Shulgin1980"/><ref>Tanaka, E., Kamata, T., Katagi, M., Tsuchihashi, H., & Honda, K. (2006). A fatal poisoning with 5-methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine, Foxy. Forensic science international, 163(1-2), 152-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.026</ref><ref>Muller, A. A. (2004). New drugs of abuse update: Foxy Methoxy. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 30(5), 507-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2004.07.037</ref> and [[DMT]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[dissociatives]] such as [[ketamine]],<ref>Hillhouse, T. M., Porter, J. H., & Negus, S. S. (2014). Reply to: Rapid antidepressant effects and abuse liability of ketamine. Psychopharmacology, 231(9), 2043. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00213-014-3544-z</ref><ref>Oye, I., Paulsen, O., & Maurset, A. (1992). Effects of ketamine on sensory perception: evidence for a role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 260(3), 1209-1213. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1312163/</ref> [[PCP]], and [[nitrous]].<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Strassman2000"/><ref>Zuba, D. (2012). Identification of cathinones and other active components of ‘legal highs’ by mass spectrometric methods. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 32, 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.009</ref>
Auditory distortions are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[auditory hallucinations]],<ref name="Stanciu2016"/><ref name="Shulgin1997"/><ref name="Carbonaro2013"/> [[auditory suppression]], and [[auditory enhancement]].<ref name="Juszczak2013"/><ref name="Weinel2016"/> They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[psychedelic]] compounds,<ref>Meatherall, R., & Sharma, P. (2003). Foxy, a designer tryptamine hallucinogen. Journal of analytical toxicology, 27(5), 313-317. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=F3773EF1876BD69CAF408DA77CCBF8EF?doi=10.1.1.689.2033&rep=rep1&type=pdf</ref><ref>Mowry, M., Mosher, M., & Briner, W. (2003). Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 35(3), 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2003.10400021</ref><ref>Leake, C. D. (1972). Hallucinogenic Drug Reaction—MDA. JAMA, 219(8), 1069-1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1972.03190340073029</ref> such as [[LSD]], [[5-MeO-DiPT]], and [[DMT]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[dissociatives]] such as [[ketamine]],<ref>Hillhouse, T. M., Porter, J. H., & Negus, S. S. (2014). Reply to: Rapid antidepressant effects and abuse liability of ketamine. Psychopharmacology, 231(9), 2043. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00213-014-3544-z</ref><ref>Oye, I., Paulsen, O., & Maurset, A. (1992). Effects of ketamine on sensory perception: evidence for a role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 260(3), 1209-1213. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1312163/</ref> [[PCP]], and [[nitrous]].<ref name="Weinel2016"/><ref name="Strassman2000"/>
====Examples====
====Examples====
[[File:Both.ogg]]
[[File:Both.ogg]]

Revision as of 19:10, 17 June 2018

An auditory distortion can be described as the experience of perceived alterations in how audible noises present and structure themselves.[1][2][3][4]

These distortions can manifest in many styles, but commonly take the form of echoes or murmurs which rise in the wake of each sound and are accompanied by fluctuating changes in speed and pitch.[4][5][6] This can intensify up to the point where sounds are consistently followed by continuous reverberation,[7] often rendering the original sound completely unrecognizable. However, it often quickly resets to base level and starts over if the source of noise is stopped or changed.

The experience of this effect can be broken down into three distinct levels of intensity. These are described and documented below:

  1. Mild - At the lowest level of intensity, auditory distortions consist of subtle and spontaneous reverberation,[4][5][7] echo effects,[4][6] and changes in pitch[4][5][6][8][9] of noises within the external environment. They are fleeting, low in intensity, and easy to ignore.
  2. Distinct - At this level, auditory distortions consist of distinctly noticeable, spontaneous echo effects and changes in pitch attributed to noises within the external environment. Thy are long and drawn out and loud enough to become difficult to ignore.
  3. All-encompassing - At the highest level, auditory distortions become constant and impossible to ignore. The complexity of the resulting alterations quickly renders the original sound as unintelligible.[2]

Auditory distortions are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as auditory hallucinations,[6][8][1] auditory suppression, and auditory enhancement.[2][4] They are most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of psychedelic compounds,[10][11][12] such as LSD, 5-MeO-DiPT, and DMT. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of dissociatives such as ketamine,[13][14] PCP, and nitrous.[4][5]

Examples

File:Both.ogg The audio clip above demonstrates how it may sound to listen to a lecture while undergoing the experience of level 3 auditory distortions. File:Distorted Forest.ogg This audio clip denotes level 3 audio distortions in a forest setting.

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Carbonaro, T. M., Forster, M. J., & Gatch, M. B. (2013). Discriminative stimulus effects of N, N-diisopropyltryptamine. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2891-x
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Juszczak, G. R., & Swiergiel, A. H. (2013). Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 45(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.763570
  3. ↑ Mehta, U. M., Naveen Kumar, C., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Thirthalli, J. (2017). Multimodal sensory distortions in postpartum exacerbation of schizophrenia. Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses, 10(4), 222-224. https://doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.MEKU.112013
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Weinel, J. (2016). Entoptic Phenomena in Audio: Categories of Psychedelic Electroacoustic Composition. Contemporary Music Review, 35(2), 202-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2016.1221633
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Strassman, R. (2000). DMT: The spirit molecule: A doctor's revolutionary research into the biology of near-death and mystical experiences. Simon and Schuster.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 N Stanciu, C., & M Penders, T. (2016). Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder Induced by New Psychoactive Substituted Phenethylamines; A Review with Illustrative Case. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 12(2), 221-223. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cpsr/2016/00000012/00000002/art00013
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Espiard, M. L., Lecardeur, L., Abadie, P., Halbecq, I., & Dollfus, S. (2005). Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption: a case study. European Psychiatry, 20(5), 458-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.008
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Shulgin, A. T., & Shulgin, A. Transform Press; Berkeley, CA: 1997. TIHKAL: The Continuation.
  9. ↑ Strassman, R. J., Qualls, C. R., & Berg, L. M. (1996). Differential tolerance to biological and subjective effects of four closely spaced doses of N, N-dimethyltryptamine in humans. Biological psychiatry, 39(9), 784-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)00200-6
  10. ↑ Meatherall, R., & Sharma, P. (2003). Foxy, a designer tryptamine hallucinogen. Journal of analytical toxicology, 27(5), 313-317. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=F3773EF1876BD69CAF408DA77CCBF8EF?doi=10.1.1.689.2033&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  11. ↑ Mowry, M., Mosher, M., & Briner, W. (2003). Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 35(3), 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2003.10400021
  12. ↑ Leake, C. D. (1972). Hallucinogenic Drug Reaction—MDA. JAMA, 219(8), 1069-1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1972.03190340073029
  13. ↑ Hillhouse, T. M., Porter, J. H., & Negus, S. S. (2014). Reply to: Rapid antidepressant effects and abuse liability of ketamine. Psychopharmacology, 231(9), 2043. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00213-014-3544-z
  14. ↑ Oye, I., Paulsen, O., & Maurset, A. (1992). Effects of ketamine on sensory perception: evidence for a role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 260(3), 1209-1213. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1312163/
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