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Wakefulness: Difference between revisions
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'''Wakefulness''' is an increased ability to stay conscious without feeling sleepy combined with a decreased need to sleep.<ref>Wakefulness | '''Wakefulness''' is defined as an increased ability to stay conscious without feeling sleepy combined with a decreased need to sleep.<ref name="Porkka-Heiskanen1997">{{cite journal|last1=Porkka-Heiskanen|first1=T.|title=Adenosine: A Mediator of the Sleep-Inducing Effects of Prolonged Wakefulness|journal=Science|volume=276|issue=5316|year=1997|pages=1265–1268|issn=00368075|doi=10.1126/science.276.5316.1265}}</ref> It is contrasted with [[stimulation]] in that it does not directly increase one's energy levels above a normal baseline but instead produces feelings of a wakeful, well-rested, and alert state.<ref name="RepantisSchlattmann2010">{{cite journal|last1=Repantis|first1=Dimitris|last2=Schlattmann|first2=Peter|last3=Laisney|first3=Oona|last4=Heuser|first4=Isabella|title=Modafinil and methylphenidate for neuroenhancement in healthy individuals: A systematic review|journal=Pharmacological Research|volume=62|issue=3|year=2010|pages=187–206|issn=10436618|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2010.04.002}}</ref><ref name="EngberDennis1998">{{cite journal|last1=Engber|first1=T.M|last2=Dennis|first2=S.A|last3=Jones|first3=B.E|last4=Miller|first4=M.S|last5=Contreras|first5=P.C|title=Brain regional substrates for the actions of the novel wake-promoting agent modafinil in the rat: comparison with amphetamine|journal=Neuroscience|volume=87|issue=4|year=1998|pages=905–911|issn=03064522|doi=10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00015-3}}</ref> If one is sleepy before using this substance, the impulse to sleep will fade, keeping one’s eyes open will become easier, and the cognitive fog of exhaustion will be reduced.<ref name="CaldwellCaldwell2000">{{cite journal|last1=Caldwell|first1=John A.|last2=Caldwell|first2=J. Lyn|last3=Smyth|first3=Nicholas K.|last4=Hall|first4=Kecia K.|title=A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the efficacy of modafinil for sustaining the alertness and performance of aviators: a helicopter simulator study|journal=Psychopharmacology|volume=150|issue=3|year=2000|pages=272–282|issn=0033-3158|doi=10.1007/s002130000450}}</ref> However, sufficiently accumulated sleep deficiency can overpower or negate this effect in extreme cases.<ref name="RepantisSchlattmann2010" /> | ||
Wakefulness is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of a wide variety of compounds such as [[stimulant|stimulants]], [[nootropic|nootropics]], and [[psychedelic|psychedelics]]. However, it is worth noting that the few compounds which selectively induce this effect without a number of other accompanying effects are referred to as [[eugeroic]]s or wakefulness-promoting agents. These include [[modafinil]] | Wakefulness is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of a wide variety of compounds such as [[stimulant|stimulants]], [[nootropic|nootropics]], and [[psychedelic|psychedelics]]. However, it is worth noting that the few compounds which selectively induce this effect without a number of other accompanying effects are referred to as [[eugeroic]]s or wakefulness-promoting agents. These include [[modafinil]]<ref name="RepantisSchlattmann2010" /><ref name="EngberDennis1998" /><ref name="MyrickMalcolm2004">{{cite journal|last1=Myrick|first1=Hugh|last2=Malcolm|first2=Robert|last3=Taylor|first3=Brent|last4=LaROWE|first4=STEVEN|title=Modafinil: Preclinical, Clinical, and Post-Marketing Surveillance—A Review of Abuse Liability Issues|journal=Annals of Clinical Psychiatry|volume=16|issue=2|year=2004|pages=101–109|issn=10401237|doi=10.1080/10401230490453743}}</ref><ref name="ScammellEstabrooke2000">{{cite journal|last1=Scammell|first1=Thomas E.|last2=Estabrooke|first2=Ivy V.|last3=McCarthy|first3=Marie T.|last4=Chemelli|first4=Richard M.|last5=Yanagisawa|first5=Masashi|last6=Miller|first6=Matthew S.|last7=Saper|first7=Clifford B.|title=Hypothalamic Arousal Regions Are Activated during Modafinil-Induced Wakefulness|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=20|issue=22|year=2000|pages=8620–8628|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08620.2000}}</ref> and [[armodafinil]].<ref name="RepantisSchlattmann2010" /> | ||
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===Psychoactive substances=== | ===Psychoactive substances=== | ||
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakefulness Wakefulness (Wikipedia)] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakefulness Wakefulness (Wikipedia)] | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category: | [[Category:Cognitive]] | ||
[[Category:Intensification]] | |||
[[Category:Effect]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:56, 4 October 2022
Wakefulness is defined as an increased ability to stay conscious without feeling sleepy combined with a decreased need to sleep.[1] It is contrasted with stimulation in that it does not directly increase one's energy levels above a normal baseline but instead produces feelings of a wakeful, well-rested, and alert state.[2][3] If one is sleepy before using this substance, the impulse to sleep will fade, keeping one’s eyes open will become easier, and the cognitive fog of exhaustion will be reduced.[4] However, sufficiently accumulated sleep deficiency can overpower or negate this effect in extreme cases.[2]
Wakefulness is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of a wide variety of compounds such as stimulants, nootropics, and psychedelics. However, it is worth noting that the few compounds which selectively induce this effect without a number of other accompanying effects are referred to as eugeroics or wakefulness-promoting agents. These include modafinil[2][3][5][6] and armodafinil.[2]
Psychoactive substances
- 1B-LSD
- 1P-ETH-LAD
- 1P-LSD
- 1V-LSD
- 1cP-AL-LAD
- 1cP-LSD
- 1cP-MiPLA
- 2,5-DMA
- 2-Aminoindane
- 2-FA
- 2-FEA
- 2-FMA
- 25B-NBOH
- 25B-NBOMe
- 25C-NBOH
- 25C-NBOMe
- 25D-NBOMe
- 25E-NBOH
- 25I-NBOH
- 25I-NBOMe
- 25N-NBOMe
- 2C-B
- 2C-B-FLY
- 2C-C
- 2C-E
- 2C-I
- 2C-P
- 2C-T
- 2C-T-2
- 2C-T-21
- 2C-T-7
- 3,4-CTMP
- 3-FA
- 3-FEA
- 3-FMA
- 3-FPM
- 3-MMC
- 3C-E
- 3C-P
- 4-AcO-DET
- 4-AcO-MET
- 4-AcO-MiPT
- 4-FA
- 4-FMA
- 4-HO-DET
- 4-HO-MET
- 4-HO-MiPT
- 4F-EPH
- 4F-MPH
- 5-APB
Experience reports
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:
- Experience: 15mg 2C-B (oral) - A pleasant low-dose evening with Nexus
- Experience:100-350mg - Phenylpiracetam in daily life
- Experience:1000 Morning Glory seeds - Rediscovering the Self
- Experience:120mg - Garden of The Gods
- Experience:1g Methiopropamine - Chasing the Chalky Dragon
- Experience:25mg - A labyrinth of organs and a storybook walk
- Experience:300mg DPH + 600mg DXM - An Interesting Combo
- Experience:300µg LSD - Togetherness and the Silent Dusk
- Experience:30mg - Psychostimulant egodeath
- Experience:30mg Isopropylphenidate - IPPH As A Study Aid
- Experience:37mg Isopropylphenidate - Getting Shit Done With Isopropylphenidate
- Experience:75mg 3-FMA - Perfect Blend of Euphoria and Functionality
- Experience:800 seeds LSA - My First Trip Ever
- Experience:BK-2C-B - Various experiences
- Experience:LSA (20 HWBR seeds) – A pleasant adventure with a harsh body load
- Experience:LSD (230 ug) - An amazing adventure by vikilikepsych
- Experience:Marijuana Withdrawal
- Experience:Mushrooms and Snuff Films -- Trip Report (3.5 grams)
- Experience:Zopiclone hppd?
See also
- Responsible use
- Subjective effects index
- Psychedelics - Subjective effects
- Dissociatives - Subjective effects
- Deliriants - Subjective effects
External links
References
- ↑ Porkka-Heiskanen, T. (1997). "Adenosine: A Mediator of the Sleep-Inducing Effects of Prolonged Wakefulness". Science. 276 (5316): 1265–1268. doi:10.1126/science.276.5316.1265. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Repantis, Dimitris; Schlattmann, Peter; Laisney, Oona; Heuser, Isabella (2010). "Modafinil and methylphenidate for neuroenhancement in healthy individuals: A systematic review". Pharmacological Research. 62 (3): 187–206. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.04.002. ISSN 1043-6618.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Engber, T.M; Dennis, S.A; Jones, B.E; Miller, M.S; Contreras, P.C (1998). "Brain regional substrates for the actions of the novel wake-promoting agent modafinil in the rat: comparison with amphetamine". Neuroscience. 87 (4): 905–911. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00015-3. ISSN 0306-4522.
- ↑ Caldwell, John A.; Caldwell, J. Lyn; Smyth, Nicholas K.; Hall, Kecia K. (2000). "A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the efficacy of modafinil for sustaining the alertness and performance of aviators: a helicopter simulator study". Psychopharmacology. 150 (3): 272–282. doi:10.1007/s002130000450. ISSN 0033-3158.
- ↑ Myrick, Hugh; Malcolm, Robert; Taylor, Brent; LaROWE, STEVEN (2004). "Modafinil: Preclinical, Clinical, and Post-Marketing Surveillance—A Review of Abuse Liability Issues". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 16 (2): 101–109. doi:10.1080/10401230490453743. ISSN 1040-1237.
- ↑ Scammell, Thomas E.; Estabrooke, Ivy V.; McCarthy, Marie T.; Chemelli, Richard M.; Yanagisawa, Masashi; Miller, Matthew S.; Saper, Clifford B. (2000). "Hypothalamic Arousal Regions Are Activated during Modafinil-Induced Wakefulness". The Journal of Neuroscience. 20 (22): 8620–8628. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08620.2000. ISSN 0270-6474.