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==External hallucinations==
[[File:deliriants.png|300px|right|thumb|''Deliriants by [[Anonymous]] [http://boards.420chan.org/deli/ DEL] user'' - This image represents the sinister external hallucinations commonly induced by [[deliriant]]s.]]
The hallucinations experienced during a delirious trip primarily do not occur internally within ones own mind on the back of closed eyelids but instead occur as solid hallucinations which display themselves seamlessly into the external environment as if they were actually happening. The second of these key differences are the way in which deliriant hallucinations are delirious in believability and therefore have a sense of psychological plot acceptance attributed to them which does not occur with [[psychedelics]] and [[dissociatives]]. This means that no matter how absurd or unlikely the content of the hallucination may be, it will be believed as a real event which is genuinely occurring in exactly the same way which we accept the absurd plots of our dreams.
<onlyinclude>
An '''external hallucination''' is defined as the perception of a visual hallucination which displays itself seamlessly into the external environment as if it were actually happening.<ref name="ObreshkovaKandilarov2017">Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf</ref><ref name="Gauntlett-GilbertKuipers2003">{{cite journal|last1=Gauntlett-Gilbert|first1=Jeremy|last2=Kuipers|first2=Elizabeth|title=PHENOMENOLOGY OF VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS IN PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS|journal=The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease|volume=191|issue=3|year=2003|pages=203–205|issn=0022-3018|doi=10.1097/01.NMD.0000055084.01402.02}}</ref> This is in stark contrast to [[internal hallucinations]], such as [[dreams]], that occur exclusively within an imagined environment and can typically only be viewed with closed eyes.


Delirious hallucinatory states can be broken down into 3 basic levels,
This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:


#'''Erratic hallucinations''' - The second-lowest level of hallucination generally consists of visual snow and static, movement in the peripheral vision as well as ill defined, fleeting hallucinations which disappear once a person double takes. These often consist of black splotches and pronounced floaters.
#'''Fleeting hallucinations''' - At the lowest level, external hallucinations generally consist of movement within the peripheral vision and ill-defined, fleeting hallucinations which disappear once a person double takes.
#'''Partially defined hallucinations''' - At this level the hallucinations are visible within ones direct line of sight despite the fact that they are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often blurry or semi translucent.
#'''Vaguely defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations are visible within one's direct line of sight, but are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that, although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often extremely blurry or semi-translucent with little, if any, colour.<ref name="Gauntlett-GilbertKuipers2003" />
#'''Defined hallucinations''' - As the vividness and intensity increases, the trip eventually becomes comprised of completely realistic and static hallucinations. These are generally considered by those who have experienced them to be completely convincing in their appearance.  
#'''Partially defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations become distinct enough in their detail and vividness to extend beyond transparent, colourless, or blurry manifestations. However, they still remain unconvincing and do not quite live up to the detail of everyday life.
#'''Fully defined hallucinations''' - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and will rarely disappear simply because a person double takes. They are now capable of a completely convincing and photorealistic appearance and their behaviour becomes far more lifelike. Additionally, they may become numerous enough to fully engulf the entirety of the person's environment.<ref name="Gauntlett-GilbertKuipers2003" />


Although the hallucinations can be anything there are still common archetypes which generally occur under the influence of high dose delirious experience. These hallucinations are generally but not by any means limited to:
Alongside a specific levelling system, there are also certain environmental factors that directly alter both the likelihood of external hallucinations manifesting themselves and the level of detail of which they are rendered with. For example, the more unfamiliar with the external environment a person is, the more likely it is that this effect will manifest itself. Cluttered areas tend to produce more external hallucinations and the amount of light within a room is inversely proportional to the intensity of them, with less light leading to significantly more hallucinations and more light leading to fewer, although more detailed, hallucinations.


*Family, friends, strangers and fictional characters, usually behaving completely normally.
The content within these external hallucinations can be further broken down into four distinct subcomponents. These are described and documented within their own dedicated articles, each of which are listed below:
*Inanimate objects, sometimes in believable locations but often floating in the air.
*Animals and pets.
*Spiders and various insects.
*Shadow people.
*Smoking phantom cigarettes, spliffs and bowls.
*Drinking imaginary cups of water.
*Literally anything your imagination can come up with.


The more unfamiliar you are with your environment during states of delirium, the more you will hallucinate. Cluttered areas tend to produce hallucinations best. As far as lighting goes, either a dark or dim room will is optimum. Darkness produces much more hallucinations and will result in more of a sinister feel, but the light present in a dim room will make you see less, though more detailed hallucinations.
*[[Autonomous entities]]
*[[Object activation]]
*[[Perspective hallucination]]
*[[Scenarios and plots]]
*[[Settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]
*[[Shadow people]]


It is worth noting that the content, style, and general behaviour of an external hallucination is often largely dependent on the emotional state of the person experiencing it. For example, a person who is emotionally stable and generally happy will usually be more prone to experiencing neutral, interesting, or positive hallucinations. In contrast, however, a person who is emotionally unstable and generally unhappy will usually be more prone to experiencing sinister, fear-inducing, and negative hallucinations.
External hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[delirium]], [[internal hallucinations]] and [[delusions]]. They are most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#heavy|heavy]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[deliriant]] compounds, such as [[DPH]], [[datura]], and [[benzydamine]]. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of [[psychedelic|psychedelics]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]], [[stimulant psychosis]], and [[sleep deprivation]].</onlyinclude>
===Variations===
The specific differences between each potential style of external hallucination can be broken down into the following variations:
*'''Lucid vs. Delirious''' - A person experiencing a hallucinatory state can maintain a consistent level of awareness regarding the fact that none of these events are actually occurring and that the effects are simply the result of a drug-induced hallucination. In contrast with this, hallucinations may also become completely believable, no matter how nonsensical they may be, in exactly the same way that a person does not have any problem accepting absurd and non-linear plots within our dreams.
*'''Interactive vs. Fixed''' – Hallucinatory states can either present themselves as completely separate in a manner that is similar to watching a video play out in front of one's field of vision or they can be completely interactive. For example, it is entirely possible to converse with autonomous entities or interact with imagined objects in a fashion similar to lucid dreaming.
*'''New vs. Old experiences ''' – In terms of their subject matter, hallucinations can either be entirely new experiences or they can be old, everyday experiences and replayed memories.
*'''Controllable vs. Autonomous''' – Imagery and hallucinations can be partially to completely controllable. This can be described as their content always seeming to perfectly follow and fit the general topic and subject matter of one's current thought stream, with varying levels of control. In contrast, autonomous hallucinations are completely spontaneous in their subject matter and entirely uncontrollable.
*'''Geometry-based vs. Solid''' – Hallucinations can be comprised of condensed psychedelic geometry or they can appear to be made from realistic materials depending on the substance consumed.
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::External hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::External hallucinations]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===See also===
===See also===
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
*[[Dissociatives#Subjective_effects|Dissociatives - Subjective effects]]
*[[Deliriants#Subjective_effects|Deliriants - Subjective effects]]
*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
*[[Psychedelics#Subjective_effects|Psychedelics - Subjective effects]]
===External links===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination Hallucination (Wikipedia)]
===References===
<references />
[[Category:Sensory]]
[[Category:Visual]]
[[Category:Hallucinatory]]
[[Category:Effect]]
{{#set:Featured=true
|Belongs to=Visual effects
}}

Latest revision as of 15:38, 19 March 2019

Deliriants by Anonymous DEL user - This image represents the sinister external hallucinations commonly induced by deliriants.

An external hallucination is defined as the perception of a visual hallucination which displays itself seamlessly into the external environment as if it were actually happening.[1][2] This is in stark contrast to internal hallucinations, such as dreams, that occur exclusively within an imagined environment and can typically only be viewed with closed eyes.

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:

  1. Fleeting hallucinations - At the lowest level, external hallucinations generally consist of movement within the peripheral vision and ill-defined, fleeting hallucinations which disappear once a person double takes.
  2. Vaguely defined hallucinations - At this level, the hallucinations are visible within one's direct line of sight, but are not fully defined in their appearance. This means that, although visible, they do not look completely detailed and are often extremely blurry or semi-translucent with little, if any, colour.[2]
  3. Partially defined hallucinations - At this level, the hallucinations become distinct enough in their detail and vividness to extend beyond transparent, colourless, or blurry manifestations. However, they still remain unconvincing and do not quite live up to the detail of everyday life.
  4. Fully defined hallucinations - At this level, the hallucinations have become completely realistic and will rarely disappear simply because a person double takes. They are now capable of a completely convincing and photorealistic appearance and their behaviour becomes far more lifelike. Additionally, they may become numerous enough to fully engulf the entirety of the person's environment.[2]

Alongside a specific levelling system, there are also certain environmental factors that directly alter both the likelihood of external hallucinations manifesting themselves and the level of detail of which they are rendered with. For example, the more unfamiliar with the external environment a person is, the more likely it is that this effect will manifest itself. Cluttered areas tend to produce more external hallucinations and the amount of light within a room is inversely proportional to the intensity of them, with less light leading to significantly more hallucinations and more light leading to fewer, although more detailed, hallucinations.

The content within these external hallucinations can be further broken down into four distinct subcomponents. These are described and documented within their own dedicated articles, each of which are listed below:

It is worth noting that the content, style, and general behaviour of an external hallucination is often largely dependent on the emotional state of the person experiencing it. For example, a person who is emotionally stable and generally happy will usually be more prone to experiencing neutral, interesting, or positive hallucinations. In contrast, however, a person who is emotionally unstable and generally unhappy will usually be more prone to experiencing sinister, fear-inducing, and negative hallucinations.

External hallucinations are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as delirium, internal hallucinations and delusions. They are most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of deliriant compounds, such as DPH, datura, and benzydamine. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of psychedelics, dissociatives, stimulant psychosis, and sleep deprivation.

Variations

The specific differences between each potential style of external hallucination can be broken down into the following variations:

  • Lucid vs. Delirious - A person experiencing a hallucinatory state can maintain a consistent level of awareness regarding the fact that none of these events are actually occurring and that the effects are simply the result of a drug-induced hallucination. In contrast with this, hallucinations may also become completely believable, no matter how nonsensical they may be, in exactly the same way that a person does not have any problem accepting absurd and non-linear plots within our dreams.
  • Interactive vs. Fixed – Hallucinatory states can either present themselves as completely separate in a manner that is similar to watching a video play out in front of one's field of vision or they can be completely interactive. For example, it is entirely possible to converse with autonomous entities or interact with imagined objects in a fashion similar to lucid dreaming.
  • New vs. Old experiences – In terms of their subject matter, hallucinations can either be entirely new experiences or they can be old, everyday experiences and replayed memories.
  • Controllable vs. Autonomous – Imagery and hallucinations can be partially to completely controllable. This can be described as their content always seeming to perfectly follow and fit the general topic and subject matter of one's current thought stream, with varying levels of control. In contrast, autonomous hallucinations are completely spontaneous in their subject matter and entirely uncontrollable.
  • Geometry-based vs. Solid – Hallucinations can be comprised of condensed psychedelic geometry or they can appear to be made from realistic materials depending on the substance consumed.

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

... further results

See also

References

  1. ↑ Obreshkova, D., Kandilarov, I., Angelova, V. T., Iliev, Y., Atanasov, P., & Fotev, P. S. (2017). PHARMACO-TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ANALYSIS OF PHENYLALKYLAMINE AND INDOLYLALKYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS (REVIEW). PHARMACIA, 64(1), 41-42. http://bsphs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Angelova.pdf
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Gauntlett-Gilbert, Jeremy; Kuipers, Elizabeth (2003). "PHENOMENOLOGY OF VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS IN PSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 191 (3): 203–205. doi:10.1097/01.NMD.0000055084.01402.02. ISSN 0022-3018. 
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