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Sleep deprivation

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Sleep deprivation is a mental state that occurs when one has been deprived of sleep for extended periods of time. This can occur naturally as a result of insomnia or can be induced by extended stimulant use, though it differs from stimulant psychosis in its somewhat predictable timeline of deterioration of psychical, mental, and visual abilities through predictable subjective effects.

The sleep deprivation experience can be broken down into hours gone without sleep, excluding micro-sleep sessions which may occur. A microsleep is a short period of time, from 10 to 60 seconds, in which the brain enters a sleep state, regardless of what the person is doing at the time. The affected individual often is not aware of the occurance of the microsleep.[1].

Effects of sleep deprivation

The effects of sleep deprivation worsen as one is subjected to more time without sleep. At the 24-48 hour mark, the effects are manageable and often occur in the peripheral vision of the sufferer. However, as time goes on, the effects become all consuming and can render normal life impossible.

Sleep deprivation effects are expressed differently through populations including but not limited to age, gender, and occupation[2]. Keeping this in mind, people will have different reactions to different levels of sleep deprivation.

Mental effects

As with all the effects of sleep deprivation, cognitive effects deteriorate rapidly as the sleep deprivation experience goes on. They may be negligible during the first 1-36 hours of sleep deprivation but become increasingly present after this time mark has been passed. This rapid deterioration of cognitive abilities occurs at a faster pace than the physical effects of sleep deprivation.

Effects include cognitive fatigue, focus suppression, auditory distortion, confusion, sleepiness and memory suppression[3] and can occur as the length of time increases. In late stage sleep deprivation, delirium, delusions, and paranoia become increasingly present. These late stage effects can be so intense and all encompassing that they render everyday tasks impossible to complete.

Physical effects

As with other effects, the physical effects intensify as the sleep deprivation experience continues in time. What starts out as mild physical sedation eventually ends up as physical fatigue or motor control loss that can be debilitating by the end of the sleep deprivation. These late stage effects can be so intense and all encompassing that they render everyday tasks impossible to complete.

Visual effects

Sleep deprivation can induce hallucinatory states that most often involve external hallucinations[4] and subjective effects such as environmental alterations, visual haze[5], and after images. These visual effects often increase proportionally to the length of time without sleep. As one continues to live without sleep, the visual hallucinations become more pronounced and may include object activation, autonomous entities and unspeakable horrors, most notably shadow people. These late stage effects can be so intense and all encompassing that they render everyday tasks impossible to complete.

Summarized effects of sleep deprivation

Physical fatigue Motor control loss

Brain chemistry during sleep deprivation

Experiences


See also

References

  1. Coren S (March 1998). "Sleep Deprivation, Psychosis and Mental Efficiency". Psychiatric Times. 15 (3) http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/login?referrer=http%3A//www.psychiatrictimes.com%2Fsleep-deprivation-psychosis-and-mental-efficiency
  2. Alhola, Paula; Päivi Polo-Kantola (October 2007). "Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance". Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 3 (5): 553–567. PMC 2656292 Freely accessible. PMID 19300585 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656292/
  3. Alhola, Paula; Päivi Polo-Kantola (October 2007). "Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance". Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 3 (5): 553–567. PMC 2656292 Freely accessible. PMID 19300585 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656292/
  4. Neurological Findings After Prolonged Sleep Deprivation JOHN J. ROSS, MC Arch Neurol. 1965;12(4):399-403. doi:10.1001/archneur.1965.00460280069006 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/565718
  5. Neurological Findings After Prolonged Sleep Deprivation JOHN J. ROSS, MC Arch Neurol. 1965;12(4):399-403. doi:10.1001/archneur.1965.00460280069006 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/565718