Haloperidol
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This article is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it. |
| Haloperidol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | Haldol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | Haloperidol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | 4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Antipsychotic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Butyrophenone / Phenylpiperidine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Summary sheet: Haloperidol |
Haloperidol (trade name Haldol) is an antipsychotic drug used to treat a variety of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorder, delirium, psychosis, Tourette syndrome, as well as other symptoms. It was first synthesized in 1958 by Paul Janssen[1] from meperidine[2]. Haloperidol is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[3] It is also one of the most frequently prescribed typical antipsychotics and is sometimes carried by medical services as an emergency sedative.
Chemistry
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This chemistry section is incomplete. You can help by adding to it. |
Haloperidol is a molecule of the butyrophenone class.
Pharmacology
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This pharmacology section is incomplete. You can help by adding to it. |
As a typical antipsychotic, haloperidol has a diverse pharmacological profile. Primarily, haloperidol acts on dopamine D2 receptors as an antagonist, as well as a D3 inverse agonist. Haloperidol is also an antagonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, although this effect is not as powerful as that of quetiapine. Unlike many antipsychotcs, haloperidol has negligible affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as well as the histamine receptors, which results in less sedation, weight gain and hypotension.[4]
Subjective effects
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This subjective effects section is a stub. As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding or correcting it. |
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
- Constipation
- Dehydration
- Difficulty urinating
- Excessive yawning
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Muscle stiffness
- Nausea suppression
- Physical fatigue - This effect can sometimes result in an inability to perform tasks such as exercise, walking or even sitting.
- Respiratory depression
- Sedation
Cognitive effects
Toxicity and harm potential
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This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub. As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. |
Haloperidol can have serious side effects at higher dosages, such as risk of having severe extrapyramidal symptoms and muscle rigidity, which can last for hours.
Both typical and atypical antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia.[5] According to one study, rates are lower with the atypicals at 3.9% as opposed to the typicals at 5.5%.[6] Switching to these atypicals is an option to minimize symptoms of tardive dyskinesia caused by other atypicals.[7]
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Legal issues
- Australia: The drug is available via prescription only.
- Canada: The drug is available via prescription only.
- United States: The drug is available via prescription only.
- United Kingdom: Haloperidol is a prescription-only medication.
See also
External links
References
- ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML2015_8-May-15.pdf
- ↑ H1-Histamine Receptor Affinity Predicts Short-Term Weight Gain for Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs | http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v28/n3/full/1300027a.html
- ↑ Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics | http://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=03000&article=00012&type=abstract
- ↑ Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics | http://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2008&issue=03000&article=00012&type=abstract
- ↑ Tardive Dyskinesia | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11940-011-0117-x