Substance withdrawal

Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of substances. Withdrawal develops after a physical or mental dependence after consuming substances for a certain period of time. It is dose dependent and varies based upon the drug consumed.

It is worth noting that the withdrawal from certain drugs (benzodiazepines, alcohol, barbiturates) can be fatal.

Withdrawal effects

Opioids

Withdrawal symptoms from opiate abuse (such as heroin/morphine) include:

• Anxiety
• Sweating
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Alcohol

Alcohol abuse withdrawal symptoms include:

• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Shaking
• Sweating
• Nausea

Nicotine

Withdrawal from nicotine includes:

• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Insomnia
• Headache
• Difficulty concentrating