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<onlyinclude>'''Depression''' can be described as a state of low mood and aversion to activity, which can affect a person's general sense of well-being in a negative manner. Depressed people often feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt, or restless. They may have problems concentrating, remembering details, feeling emotions, connecting with other people or making decisions. The negative effects of depression may cause the person to contemplate or attempt to commit suicide.
'''Depression''' can be described as a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's general sense of well-being in a negative manner. Depressed people often feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt, or restless. They may have problems concentrating, remembering details, or making decisions and may contemplate or attempt to commit suicide.
 
Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, this effect is triggered as a temporary mind state under the influence of certain compounds and during the offset or withdrawals of many more. It is often accompanied by [[anxiety]] or [[irritability]] and can be considered as the polar opposite of [[cognitive euphoria]]. It is most commonly induced when a [[stimulant]], [[depressant]], or [[hallucinogen]] is used repeatedly for prolonged periods of time, when a user quits using a substance that they'd been using for a long period of time, or when a user is experiencing the [[after effects|comedown/crash]] of a euphoric compound. Psychoactive induced depression is often much shorter lasting than clinical depression, subsiding once the effects and/or after-effects of a drug have finished.
Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, this effect is triggered as a temporary mind state under the influence of certain compounds and during the offset or withdrawals of many more. It is often accompanied by [[anxiety]] or [[irritability]] and can be considered as the polar opposite of [[cognitive euphoria]]. It is most commonly induced when a [[stimulant]], [[depressant]], or [[hallucinogen]] is being repeatedly used for prolonged periods of time, when a user has quit a substance that they'd been using for a long period of time, or when a user is experiencing the [[after effects|comedown/crash]] of a euphoric compound.  
 
When not caused by drug use, in the context of formal psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) specific symptoms from the list below have been present during the same 2-week period and the feelings represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.<ref>Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf</ref>
Outside of drug use and within the context of formal psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) specific symptoms from the list below have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.<ref>Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf</ref>
 
# Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
# Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
# Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation.)
# Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation.)
# Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.  
# Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
# Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
# Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
# Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
# Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
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# Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
# Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
# Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
# Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
 
In order for a diagnosis of clinical depression to be fully accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms can not be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizphrenic or psychotic spectrum.
For a diagnosis of clinical depression to be accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. They cannot be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizophrenic or psychotic spectrum.
 
If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it is highly recommended that you seek out therapy, medical attention, or a support group.
If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it is highly recommended that you seek out therapy, medical attention, or a support group.</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>
===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:

Revision as of 00:39, 24 December 2017

Depression can be described as a state of low mood and aversion to activity, which can affect a person's general sense of well-being in a negative manner. Depressed people often feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, worried, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, hurt, or restless. They may have problems concentrating, remembering details, feeling emotions, connecting with other people or making decisions. The negative effects of depression may cause the person to contemplate or attempt to commit suicide.

Within the context of psychoactive substance usage, this effect is triggered as a temporary mind state under the influence of certain compounds and during the offset or withdrawals of many more. It is often accompanied by anxiety or irritability and can be considered as the polar opposite of cognitive euphoria. It is most commonly induced when a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogen is used repeatedly for prolonged periods of time, when a user quits using a substance that they'd been using for a long period of time, or when a user is experiencing the comedown/crash of a euphoric compound. Psychoactive induced depression is often much shorter lasting than clinical depression, subsiding once the effects and/or after-effects of a drug have finished.

When not caused by drug use, in the context of formal psychology, these feelings can be classified as clinical depression or major depressive disorder by the DSM's diagnostic criteria when five (or more) specific symptoms from the list below have been present during the same 2-week period and the feelings represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms must also be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.[1]

  1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
  2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation.)
  3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
  4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
  5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
  6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
  7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick).
  8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
  9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

For a diagnosis of clinical depression to be accurate, the symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. They cannot be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The occurrence of the major depressive episode must also not be better explained by another disorder on the schizophrenic or psychotic spectrum.

If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it is highly recommended that you seek out therapy, medical attention, or a support group.

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Major Depressive Disorder (DSM Diagnostic Criteria) | https://images.pearsonclinical.com/images/assets/basc-3/basc3resources/DSM5_DiagnosticCriteria_MajorDepressiveDisorder.pdf
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