Multisensory effects: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 04:44, 10 June 2016
Multisensory effects can be defined as any component which affects multiple senses.
This page lists and describes the various multisensory effects which can occur under the influence of certain psychoactive compounds.
Component controllability
Component controllability is the rare experience of gaining partial or complete conscious control over the details, content, and intensity of other currently occurring subjective effects. This occurs in a manner which is extremely similar to the level of control experienced by well-practised lucid dreamers during ordinary dream.
For example, this state could give a person the ability to manually manipulate and direct their current visual effects by allowing them to will specific components into occurring, stopping, increasing, decreasing or changing their behaviour. It could also allow the person to manipulate their cognitive or physical state by letting them select and control the presence and intensity of potentially any combination of specific components present within the subjective effect index. However, it is worth noting that it's questionable whether or not this experience is reflective of genuine control over the effects observed as it may simply be a delusion that gives one the feeling and perception of control.
Component controllability occurs alongside amplification cycles and mindfulness and is commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of entheogenic compounds, such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and cannabis.
Machinescapes
Machinescapes are a complex visual and tactile experience in which one perceives hallucinatory mechanical landscapes which are vast in both size and intricacy. These landscapes are almost exclusively comprised of ever-changing and interlocking mechanical parts which move between each other in a variety of ways. Their mechanisms are based upon a seemingly infinite variety of potential materials which form impossibly intricate arrays of cogs, gears, pulleys, conveyor belts, levers, panels, hydraulics, and other moving parts. The precise arrangement of these mechanical parts is often subjectively perceived to be a direct representation of both a person's current mind state and their sensory input.
During this experience, a prominent sense that one has become the perceivable machinescape is often present through a complex change in one's felt bodily form. This manifests as the sensation that one can physically feel and perceive every detail of the machinescape as if it were their own body. These tactile hallucinations are also often accompanied by seeing distinct internal hallucinations that correlate with the felt sensations.
Machinescapes are often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as memory suppression and geometry. They are most commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of salvia divinorum. However, they can also occur less commonly under the influence of psychedelic compounds such as LSD, psilocybin, and 2C-P.
Psychosis
Psychosis is defined as an abnormal condition of the mind and a general psychiatric term for a mental state in which one experiences a "loss of contact with reality."[1] The features of psychoticism are characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and formal thought disorders exhibiting a wide range of culturally incongruent, odd, eccentric, or unusual behaviors and cognitions, including both process (e.g., perception, dissociation) and content (e.g., beliefs).[2] Depending on its severity, this may also be accompanied by difficulty with social interaction and a general impairment in carrying out daily life activities.
Within the context of clinical psychology, psychosis is a very broad term that can mean anything from relatively mild delusions to the complex and catatonic expressions of schizophrenia and bipolar type 1 disorder. Generally speaking, however, psychosis involves noticeable deficits in cognitive functioning and diverse types of hallucinations or delusional beliefs, particularly those that are in regard to the relation between self and others such as delusions of grandiosity, paranoia, or conspiracy. The most common of these signs and symptoms of psychosis are listed as separate subcomponents below:
- Auditory hallucinations
- Visual hallucinations
- Delusions
- Thought disorganization
- Thought connectivity
Psychosis is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of hallucinogenic compounds, such as deliriants,[3][4] psychedelics,[5] dissociatives,[6] and cannabinoids[7][8]. However, it can also occur under the influence of stimulants,[9][10] particularly during the comedown or as a result of prolonged binges. It may also manifest from abrupt discontinuation of long term or heavy usage of certain drugs such as benzodiazepines[11] or alcohol[12]; this is known as delirium tremens (DTs). Aside from substance abuse it may also occur as a result of sleep deprivation, emotional trauma, urinary tract infections, and various other medical conditions.[citation needed]
Synaesthesia
Synaesthesia (also spelled synesthesia or synæsthesia) is a condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.[13] For example, during this experience a person may begin seeing music, tasting colors, hearing smells, or any other potential combination of the senses.[14] At its highest level, synaesthesia becomes so all-encompassing that each of the senses become completely intertwined with and experienced through all of the other senses. This is a complete blending of human perception and is usually interpreted as extremely profound when experienced. It is worth noting that a significant percentage of the population experience synaesthesia to varying extents during every day life without the use of drugs.[15][16]
Synaesthesia is commonly induced under the influence of heavy dosages of psychedelic compounds,[17] such as LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. However, it is seemingly most commonly experienced under the influence of stimulating psychedelics such as the 2C-x, DOx, and NBOMe series.
See also
References
- ↑ Kapur, S. (January 2003). "Psychosis as a State of Aberrant Salience: A Framework Linking Biology, Phenomenology, and Pharmacology in Schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13. ISSN 0002-953X.
- ↑ A"Glossary of Technical Terms". Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.): 827–8. 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms.
- ↑ Jones, J., Dougherty, J., Cannon, L. (July 1986). "Diphenhydramine-induced toxic psychosis". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 4 (4): 369–371. doi:10.1016/0735-6757(86)90312-8. ISSN 0735-6757.
- ↑ "Angel's Trumpet psychosis: a central nervous system anticholinergic syndrome". American Journal of Psychiatry. 134 (3): 312–314. March 1977. doi:10.1176/ajp.134.3.312. ISSN 0002-953X.
- ↑ Strassman, R. J. (October 1984). "Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the literature". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 172 (10): 577–595. doi:10.1097/00005053-198410000-00001. ISSN 0022-3018.
- ↑ Lahti, A. C., Holcomb, H. H., Medoff, D. R., Tamminga, C. A. (1 April 1995). "Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia". Neuroreport. 6 (6): 869–872. doi:10.1097/00001756-199504190-00011. ISSN 1473-558X.
- ↑ Hall, W., Degenhardt, L. (February 2000). "Cannabis Use and Psychosis: A Review of Clinical and Epidemiological Evidence". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 34 (1): 26–34. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00685.x. ISSN 0004-8674.
- ↑ Hurst, D., Loeffler, G., McLay, R. (October 2011). "Psychosis Associated With Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonists: A Case Series". American Journal of Psychiatry. 168 (10): 1119–1119. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010176. ISSN 0002-953X.
- ↑ Glasner-Edwards, S., Mooney, L. J. (1 December 2014). "Methamphetamine Psychosis: Epidemiology and Management". CNS Drugs. 28 (12): 1115–1126. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0209-8. ISSN 1179-1934.
- ↑ Bramness, J. G., Gundersen, Ø. H., Guterstam, J., Rognli, E. B., Konstenius, M., Løberg, E.-M., Medhus, S., Tanum, L., Franck, J. (5 December 2012). "Amphetamine-induced psychosis - a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?". BMC Psychiatry. 12 (1): 221. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-221. ISSN 1471-244X.
- ↑ Preskorn, S. H., Denner, L. J. (3 January 1977). "Benzodiazepines and Withdrawal Psychosis: Report of Three Cases". JAMA. 237 (1): 36–38. doi:10.1001/jama.1977.03270280038018. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ Gross, M. M., Lewis, E., Hastey, J. (1974). "The Biology of Alcoholism". In Kissin, B., Begleiter, H. Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. Springer US. pp. 191–263. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2937-4_6. ISBN 9781468429398.
- ↑ "Glossary of Technical Terms". Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.): 830. 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms.
- ↑ Simner, J. (2 September 2013). "Why are there different types of synesthete?". Frontiers in Psychology. 4: 558. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00558. ISSN 1664-1078.
- ↑ Simner, J., Mulvenna, C., Sagiv, N., Tsakanikos, E., Witherby, S. A., Fraser, C., Scott, K., Ward, J. (2006). "Synaesthesia: the prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences". Perception. 35 (8): 1024–1033. doi:10.1068/p5469. ISSN 0301-0066.
- ↑ Niccolai, V., Jennes, J., Stoerig, P., Van Leeuwen, T. M. (2012). "Modality and variability of synesthetic experience". The American Journal of Psychology. 125 (1): 81–94. doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.125.1.0081. ISSN 0002-9556.
- ↑ Luke, D. P., Terhune, D. B. (17 October 2013). "The induction of synaesthesia with chemical agents: a systematic review". Frontiers in Psychology. 4: 753. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00753. ISSN 1664-1078.