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Revision as of 15:44, 17 May 2016

Prochlorperazine
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names Compazine, Stemzine, Buccastem, Stemetil, Phenotil
Systematic name 2-chloro-10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]- 10H-phenothiazine
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Antipsychotic
Chemical class Phenothiazine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



⇣ Oral
Dosage
Threshold 2 mg
Light 2.5 - 5 mg
Common 5 - 20 mg
Strong 20 - 40 mg
Duration
Total 4 - 8 hours
Onset 30 - 45 minutes









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
Summary sheet: Prochlorperazine

Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Stemzine, Buccastem, Stemetil, Phenotil) is a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist that belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotic agents that are used for the treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a highly potent typical antipsychotic and is 10–20× more potent than chlorpromazine. It is also used to treat migraine headaches.[1]

Chemistry

Prochlorperazine is a piperazine derivative of the phenothiazine class of organic compounds. Prochlorperazine contains a thiazine ring, a six-member ring which includes one nitrogen and one sulfur atom. The thiazine ring is fused to two benzene rings, creating a tricyclic phenothiazine. Prochlorperazine contains a chlorine atom bound to R2 of the phenothiazine group.

Additionally, there is a three carbon propyl chain bound at R10 to the nitrogen atom of the structure. The propyl chain is bound at its terminal carbon to a piperazine ring at R1. Piperazine is a six-membered saturated ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 4. The piperazine ring of prochlorperazine is also substituted at R4 with a methyl group. Prochlorperazine is found in pills as a maleate. It is analagous to chlorpromazine, another anti-psychotic phenothiazine.

Pharmacology

5mg oral tablet of Prochlorperazine

Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its antipsychotic effects by blocking dopamine receptors.[2]

Prochlorperazine is analogous to chlorpromazine; both of these agents antagonize dopaminergic D2 receptors in various pathways of the central nervous system. This D2 blockade results in antipsychotic, antiemetic and other effects.

Subjective effects

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

Cognitive effects

The general head space of prochlorperazine is often described as one of sleepiness, emptiness, apathy, stupor and catatonia. The specific cognitive effects can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:

Toxicity and harm potential

Nervous system side effects have been associated with the use of prochlorperazine. Extrapyramidal side effects such as acute dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, or akathisia can affect 2% of patients at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of patients.[3][4]

Prochlorperazine can also cause a life-threatening condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Some symptoms of NMS include a high fever, stiff muscles, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, a fast heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).

Lethal dosage

The lethal dosage of this compound is unknown. Symptoms of overdose, however, may include agitation, coma, confusion, difficulty breathing, fainting, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, muscle spasms, uncontrolled muscle movements, restlessness, seizures, severe constipation, stomach pain, severe drowsiness, dizziness, tremors, or trouble urinating.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other antipsychotics, long-term use can be considered addictive and is capable of causing both physical and psychological dependence. When physical dependence has developed, withdrawal symptoms may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

  • U.K.: The drug is available over the counter and as a prescription medication.
  • U.S.: Prochlorperazine is available only through prescription.
  • Australia: The substance is available only through prescription.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Husseini, A; Gianakos, D (February 2006). "The 15-Minute Visit". Patient Care 40: 9–10.
  2. ↑ Manuchair S. Ebadi, Desk reference of clinical pharmacology. 2007
  3. ↑ Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications | http://books.google.com.au/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
  4. ↑ http://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html
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