User:Oskykins/Dosage

The term dosage refers to the size of a dose of a medicine or drug. In regards to the classification of dosage and their amounts, it can be broken down into microdose, threshold, light, common, strong, heavy, and overdose. Each of these levels result in a different intensification of the compound's desired effects depending on the substance consumed.

Within the context of psychonautic or recreational substance usage, it is important to understand dosages and to pay close attention to them with extreme caution. Administering the wrong dosage of a drug can lead to negative experiences such as extreme anxiety, uncomfortable physical side effects, a bad psychedelic trip, hospitalization, or (in extreme cases) death. Taking too low of a dose can often make people feel uncomfortable and frustrated.

Classification

Although different substances induce different effects regardless of their appropriate dosage, the intensity of the experience they are likely to induce can be broken down into 5 separate categories.

Microdose

Microdosing is the administration of sub-perceptual doses which are so low that they are unlikely to produce whole-body effects such as 10 micrograms of LSD. Microdosing is sometimes used among athletes, claiming improved stamina and abilities in reaction time, balance, perception, and concentration.

Threshold

A threshold dose can be described as one in which users can experience the effect of the substance at an extremely light and subtle manner which could potentially go completely unnoticed. It is distinctly just beyond that of placebo effect, but it can be ignored with minimal effort should the user attempt to direct their focus towards performing other complex and daily tasks.

Light

A light dose can be described as one in which the effects of the substance are somewhat distinct and noticeable but still background and periphery. They remain possible to ignore with varying degrees of success via compensation through increasing the focus one directs towards other things when performing complex or daily tasks.

Common

At this point, not only are the effects and the nature of a drug's action quite clear and distinct, but ignoring its action becomes difficult (although possible to varying degrees through consciously placing more of an emphasis on focusing on the task at hand). At this point, the user will still have some choice as to whether they will accept the experience, or rather just continue with the day's ordinary plans (if you are an experienced user, that is). The effects can be allowed a predominant role or they may be repressed and made secondary to other chosen activities.

Strong

A strong dose can be described as that which renders its subject as mostly incapable of functioning normally. Not only are the chronology and the nature of a drug's action quite clear, but ignoring its action is no longer an option. The subject is totally engaged in the experience regardless of the external situation.

Heavy

At heavy doses, the user has been rendered completely incapable of functioning on any basic level. Depending on the substance consumed, this will usually result in states of safe catatonia or extremely uncomfortable side effects.

Choosing dosages

It is important that one avoid dosages which one is uncomfortable or unfamiliar with at all costs. An inexperienced user should always start at very low dosages with the goal of working their way up in small increments as they feel comfortable doing so. This should be done by slightly increasing the dosage with each separate experience and never taking great leaps into the unknown.

Doing so allows people to get a feel for the substance that they are using in a controlled setting before they dive into deeper states. For pressed pills, one should buy from a reliable source with consistent product and ask questions concerning purity and how many milligrams of a drug is in a certain pill or tab.

This minimizes the risk of an accidental negative experience enormously; although dosage guidelines exist, it is important to remember that everybody reacts differently to every substance depending on their own personal tolerance and neurophysiology.

For information on the appropriate dosage for any substance, research should be done using a combination of PsychonautWiki, Erowid, Tripsit, Wikipedia and Google.

Measuring dosages

There are various ways in which users can measure their dosages. Eyeballing is a practice which is strongly discouraged for several reasons. The most accurate and safe method to measure one's drugs is to use both a milligram scale and volumetric liquid dosing.

Eyeballing

Eyeballing is not recommended.

"Many people who acquire powdered psychoactives believe that they can "eyeball" doses accurately enough that a scale isn't required. Eyeballing methods take a variety of forms. One example is the "graph paper method", where a known quantity is spread as evenly as possible on graph paper to determine its volume (size). Doses are measured based on how many graph paper squares they cover. The problem with this inaccurate method--and with most eyeballing methods--is that the volume of a measured mass (weight) of material can vary dramatically depending on how dense the material is.

A solid crystal of mescaline exactly 1 cm by 1 cm will weigh significantly more than an equal-sized pile of fluffy powdered mescaline. Likewise, two exactly equal-sized piles of mescaline can include parts with very different densities. Powders can go from "fluffy", with low density, large crystals, to "cakey", to dense crystals more like table salt. While the difference between powder and a solid crystal would be apparent to the careful eye, the difference between two slightly different densities of powder might not be. Obviously, these problems are even worse when comparing two different substances.

Another issue arises when eyeballing methods depend on starting with a known quantity of material. One common process is to take a known quantity of powder, say one gram of MDMA, and divide it into ten equal piles, theoretically resulting in ten 100 mg doses. But if the original "one gram" measurement can't be verified, any dividing process is merely guesswork. While it might seem unlikely that someone selling MDMA will accidentally provide too much material, it's not at all unheard of. We have received many reports from individuals who have ordered a research chemical online only to discover, when the material arrives, that the company sent nearly twice what was ordered.

Substances that have very low dosages, such as 5-MeO-DMT or 5-MeO-AMT, are especially dangerous to eyeball. Basing a "5 mg dose" on the fluffy crystal from last spring could easily lead to a 10 mg overdose of a new denser powder." - Erowid

Milligram scales

The GEMINI-20 portable milligram scale shown above is a popular scale recommended by Tripsit. These can be purchased here.

When buying chemicals in powdered form, it is strongly recommended that one invest in a reliable and accurate digital milligram scale to ensure that they are ingesting a safe and recommended dosage. This is a far safer route than "eyeballing" one's dosages by approximating the weight of what they are ingesting simply by looking at it and making a rough (but usually inaccurate) guess.

"The primary reasons for inaccuracy or malfunction are low batteries, incorrect calibration, overload or operating on an unstable surface." - gemini instructions

To achieve the most accurate measurement, the scale should only be used on a completely flat surface away from vibrations, wind, and drafts. Low batteries can also affect the scale's reliability so one should occasionally replace them.

There are a huge variety of different scales available online through various sites. One should ensure that they choose carefully, read the reviews before buying and come to their own personal decision. Choosing a scale that has 0.001g readability is strongly recommended. When using a scale that has 0.005 gram readability (5mg), the weight will be off by 5mg in either direction; if one measures 20mg of a substance, the results will be between 15-25mg.

For general purpose usage, the following products are recommended by the harm reduction website TripSit.:

• American Weigh Scales GEMINI-20 (US)
• Horizon PRO-20B] (US)
• Smart Weigh GEM20 (UK)
• Goldwaage G&G (Germany)
• GemPro 250 (US)
• American Weigh GeminiPRO GPR-20 (US)

Please note that these milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.

For potent drugs, please use volumetric liquid dosing.

Recommended weighing technique

Most milligram scales are more accurate in higher ranges (5 - 15 grams) than the lower ranges. Therefore, it is better to weigh one's drug while the 10 gram weight is on the scale. The following steps outline the recommended weighing method for the most accurate measurement:

1. Place scale on completely flat surface away from wind, vibrations, or electronic equipment
2. Turn on scale
3. Add 10 gram weight onto scale
4. Calibrate scale if weight is inaccurate
5. Place an empty gel capsule onto scale and mark down its weight (Note: Gel capsules do not weigh exactly the same so individually weigh out each one)
6. Add the drug (in powder form) into the gel capsule
7. Place gel capsule filled with powder onto the scale and mark down the weight
8. Subtract the weight of the gel capsule (step 5) from the final weight (step 7)
9. For very potent drugs (under 10mg), use volumetric liquid dosing afterwards

Volumetric liquid dosing

Main article: Volumetric liquid dosing

Volumetric liquid dosing should preferably be used for potent drugs because most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.

Volumetric liquid dosing is the process of dissolving a compound in a liquid to make it easier to measure. In the interest of harm reduction, it is essential to prepare certain compounds which are too potent to measure with traditional weighing scales within a liquid solution. Please see the above article for more information about this form of measurement.

Allergy testing

If one wishes to be completely certain that they will not have an adverse allergic reaction to a specific compound, an allergy test can be performed by simply dosing a minuscule amount of the drug and waiting a few days.

Routes of administration

Frequently insufflating substances can damage one's mucous membranes, induce bleeding, damage the nostril's cartilage and lining, burn the throat, and cause other trauma to the nasal passage and sinus area. To reduce damage, it is recommended to grind the substance completely before use and alternate nostrils.