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*'''Hungary:''' In January 2012, 4-flouroamphetamine became controlled in Hungary.
*'''Hungary:''' In January 2012, 4-flouroamphetamine became controlled in Hungary.
*'''Israel:''' In December 2007, 4-flouroamphetamine was added to Israel's list of controlled substances, making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess.
*'''Israel:''' In December 2007, 4-flouroamphetamine was added to Israel's list of controlled substances, making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess.
*'''Poland:''' 4-Fluoroamphetamine is controlled in Poland
*'''Poland:''' 4-Fluoroamphetamine is controlled in Poland.
*'''Slovak Republic:''' Beginning March 1, 2011, 4-Fluoroamphetamine is controlled in the Slovak Republic.
*'''Slovak Republic:''' Beginning March 1, 2011, 4-Fluoroamphetamine is controlled in the Slovak Republic.
*'''United Kingdom:''' 4-fluoroamphetamine is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act. 4-FA is covered by the 1977 addition to the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.
*'''United Kingdom:''' 4-fluoroamphetamine is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act. 4-FA is covered by the 1977 addition to the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.

Revision as of 03:36, 11 April 2015

4-FA
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 4-FA, 4-FMP, PAL-303, Flux
Substitutive name 4-Fluoroamphetamine, para-Fluoroamphetamine
Systematic name (RS)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-N-propan-2-amine
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Stimulant / Entactogen
Chemical class Amphetamine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



⇣ Oral
Dosage
Threshold 40 mg
Light 40 - 100 mg
Common 100 - 130 mg
Strong 130 - 150 mg
Heavy 150 mg +
Duration
Total 5 - 8 hours
Onset 45 - 75 minutes
Come up 30 - 75 minutes
Peak 2.5 - 3.5 hours
Offset 2 - 3 hours
After effects 6 - 12 hours









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
Alcohol
GHB
GBL
Opioids
Cannabis
Caffeine
Ketamine
Methoxetamine
Psychedelics
Cocaine
DXM
PCP
25x-NBOMe
2C-T-x
5-MeO-xxT
DOx
Tramadol
aMT
MAOIs

Template:Proofread 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is a substituted amphetamine with stimulant, enactogenic and nootropic effects. It is rarely found on the streets but commonly sold as a grey area research chemical through online vendors.[1]

Chemistry

4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is a phenethylamine of the substituted amphetamine family. It contains a fluorine bound to C4 of the phenyl group.

Pharmacology

4-Fluoroamphetamines pharmacology differs based on the amount of substance consumed. When 100mg or more is introduced, 4-FA acts as a releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, producing euphoric, enactogenic effects similar to MDMA.

When lower doses of ~75mg are ingested, it only acts on dopamine and norephinephrine, producing effects more similar to a functional stimulant. The mechanism of action of 4-FA effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmitters in higher doses in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating, euphoric and entactogenic effects.[2] [3] [4]

Studies demonstrate that 4-flourine amphetamine substitutions limit activity of the compound at the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor with an over 200-fold increased selectivity for A2 receptors over A1 receptors[5]. It has also been demonstrated that 4-substitution of a hydrogen with fluorine on the aromatic ring of norepinephrine produces a beta-adrenergic agonist with little alpha activity.[6] This has lead the online community to speculate that the milder uncomfortable cognitive and/or physical side effects and greater efficacy as a a nootropic associated with this substance are at least partially due to decreased activity at the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors resulting in significantly less norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

Subjective effects

In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 4-FA is particularly free of side effects such as nausea, high blood pressure, anxiety and an uncomfortable offset. In low doses, it is considered to be an extremely functional and effective nootropic for performing tasks or general productivity of any sort. At higher dosages, however, it becomes dysfunctional and recreational due to the intensity of its euphoria and stimulation.

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely if ever occur all at once but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

Cognitive effects

Toxicity and harm potential

4-FA does not cause long-lasting depletion of brain serotonin unlike MDMA or 4-FAs analogues 4-CA and 4-BA. The LD50 (mouse; i.p.) of 4-FA is 46 mg/kg.[7]

Tolerance and addiction potential

Tolerance develops rapidly with repeated usage, so periods of extended use require increasing doses of the drug in order to achieve the same effect. Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational use of any substituted amphetamine and compulsive redosing is extremely common.

Psychosis

Abuse of amphetamines at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions).[8] A Cochrane Collaboration review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.[9][10] The same review asserts that based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.[11] Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.[12][13]

  • Arizona: The drug was added to the "Dangerous Drug" list in April, 2014.
  • Louisiana: 4-FA is currently listed as a schedule I drug as of June 2013.
  • Virginia: The drug is classified as a schedule I drug.
  • Germany: 4-fluoroamphetamine was added to "Anlage I" in January 2012.
  • Hungary: In January 2012, 4-flouroamphetamine became controlled in Hungary.
  • Israel: In December 2007, 4-flouroamphetamine was added to Israel's list of controlled substances, making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess.
  • Poland: 4-Fluoroamphetamine is controlled in Poland.
  • Slovak Republic: Beginning March 1, 2011, 4-Fluoroamphetamine is controlled in the Slovak Republic.
  • United Kingdom: 4-fluoroamphetamine is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act. 4-FA is covered by the 1977 addition to the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs). | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15639609
  2. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0028390875900994 | Comparison of 4-chloro-, 4-bromo-and 4-fluoroamphetamine in rats: drug levels in brain and effects on brain serotonin metabolism
  3. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299906013811
  4. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299906013811 | The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain
  5. ↑ 2-(Arylalkylamino)adenosin-5'-uronamides: a new class of highly selective adenosine A2 receptor ligands | http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00169a015
  6. ↑ Effect of fluorine substitution on the agonist specificity of norepinephrine | http://www.sciencemag.org/content/204/4398/1217.short
  7. ↑ E. Costa and S. Garattini (1970). Amphetamines and Related Compounds. New York: Raven Press. p. 28.
  8. ↑ Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance
  9. ↑ Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance
  10. ↑ Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.
  11. ↑ Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance
  12. ↑ Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem | http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf
  13. ↑ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf
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