This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
{{chemistry}}Clonidine, or 2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino]imidazoline, is a compound of the imidazoline chemical class. Imidazolines are substituted amidines in which the amidine function is incorporated into an imidazoline ring
{{chemistry}}Xylazine, or N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine, is a compound of the imidazoline chemical class. Imidazolines are substituted amidines in which the amidine function is incorporated into an imidazoline ring
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
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|{{effects/physical|
|{{effects/physical|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's physical effects may be included here.
You may select physical effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Physical effects|here]].
*'''[[Sedation]]''' - Xylazine is extremely sedating and will most likely put the user to sleep before any enjoyable effects are experienced. Users may not wake up until the effects of the drug wears off.
*'''[[Sedation]]''' - Xylazine is extremely sedating and will most likely put the user to sleep before any enjoyable effects are experienced. Users may not wake up until the effects of the drug wears off.
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*'''[[Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Difficulty urinating]]'''
}}
}}
|{{effects/visual|
<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
{{effects/visual|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's visual effects may be included here.
You may select visual effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Visual effects|here]].
====Distortions====
*'''[[Visual acuity suppression]]'''
*'''[[Visual acuity suppression]]'''
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
|{{effects/cognitive|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's cognitive effects may be included here.
You may select from a list of cognitive effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Cognitive effects|here]].
*'''[[Irritability]]'''
*'''[[Irritability]]'''
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}}
}}
{{effects/auditory|
{{effects/auditory|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's auditory effects may be included here.
You may select from a list of auditory effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Auditory effects|here]].
*'''[[Auditory acuity suppression]]'''
*'''[[Auditory acuity suppression]]'''
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}}
}}
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===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:Xylazine]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]]. {{#ask: [[Category:Xylazine]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}} Additional experience reports can be found here:
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:Xylazine]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]].{{#ask: [[Category:Xylazine]][[Category:Experience]]|format=ul|Columns=1}}Additional experience reports can be found here:
{{toxicity}}Xylazine has little or no recreational benefit and is can be very dangerous dangerous for the user and has resulted in numerous deaths. Usage may lead to dependence, diabetes, heart complications, loss of muscle mass, coma, and hyperglycemia. Injection sites may quickly deteriorate, develop necrosis, develop ulcers, develop abscesses and/or become infected. This decomposition is extremely painful and may have a foul odour, in severe cases amputation may be necessary. '''Xylazine may be found in almost any drug, even THC vape cartridges.'''
{{toxicity}}Xylazine has little or no recreational benefit and is extremely dangerous for the user and will likely lead to death. Usage may lead to dependence, diabetes, heart complications, loss of muscle mass, coma, and hyperglycemia. Injection sites may quickly deteriorate, develop necrosis, develop ulcers, develop abscesses and/or become infected. This decomposition is extremely painful and may have a foul odour, in severe cases amputation may be necessary. '''Xylazine may be found in almost any drug, even THC vape cartridges.'''
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] if they decide to use this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] if they decide to use this substance.
===Lethal dosage===
===Lethal dosage===
Overdose is often irreversible and fatal in humans. Depending on other drugs used, symptoms may last 8-72 hours. Naloxone will not reverse a xylazine overdose but should still be administered incase of presence of fentanyl. Xylazine is known to cause toxicity and death in humans at dosage ranges as wide as 40mg to 2400mg <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594271/</ref> but post-mortem examination may reveal only trace amounts of the drug.
Overdose is often irreversible and fatal in humans. Depending on other drugs used, symptoms may last 8-72 hours. Naloxone will not reverse a xylazine overdose but should still be administered, as fentanyl is present in approximately 98% of xylazine overdoses<ref name=":0">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9128597/</ref>. Xylazine is known to cause toxicity and death in humans at dosage ranges as wide as 40mg to 2400mg <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594271/</ref> but post-mortem examination may reveal only trace amounts of the drug. In 2020, xylazine was present in 25.8% of overdose deaths in Philadelphia.<ref name=":0" />
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
Xylazine is an addictive substance and may cause dependence and withdrawals in those who unknowingly used it.
Xylazine is an addictive substance and may cause dependence and withdrawals even in those who unknowingly used it.
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
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{{LegalStub}}
{{LegalStub}}
*'''Austria:'''
*'''United Kingdom:''' Xylazine is not approved for use in humans by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency nor controlled under the 1971 Act. It is, however, likely to be subject to the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (“the 2016 Act”).
*'''Australia:'''
*'''United States:''' Although not a controlled substance in the United States, xylazine is not approved for use in people. However, some states are taking steps to classify xylazine as a controlled substance.
It may contain incorrect information, particularly with respect to dosage, duration, subjective effects, toxicity and other risks. It may also not meet PW style and grammar standards.
As a result, using this substance is strongly discouraged. It is also advised to always test your drugs for the presence of Xylazine using a reagent testing kit or xylazine test strip as it is a dangerous adulterant. Please see this section for more details.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Xylazine (also known as xyl, xyla, or tranq) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant substance of the imidazoline class. It is primarily used as an anaesthetic in combination with ketamine or as an emetic (to induce vomiting) in veterinary medicine.
Xylazine is often used as a cutting agent for other sedative street drugs, such as ketamine, fentanyl, and others, leading to many medical complications and deaths for drug users. Fentanyl mixed with xylazine is sometimes known as "sleep-cut", "zombie", and "tranq dope" and is often fatal.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
Xylazine was discovered in 1962 to treat hypertension in veterinary medicine. Studies in humans found it to be a dangerous central nervous system depressant with hazardous side effects and the drug was never approved by the FDA for human use.
The drug is often diverted from veterinarians and used as a cutting agent to make street drugs appear stronger.
Xylazine, or N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-amine, is a compound of the imidazoline chemical class. Imidazolines are substituted amidines in which the amidine function is incorporated into an imidazoline ring
Xylazine is structurally similar to clonidine and an agonist for the α2adrenergicreceptor. When α2 receptors in the brain are stimulated, peripheral vascular resistance decreases, resulting in lowered blood pressure. It has specificity towards the presynaptic α2 receptors in the vasomotor center in the brainstem. This binding decreases presynaptic calcium levels and inhibits the release of norepinephrine (NE). The net effect is a decrease in sympathetic nervous system tone.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Sedation - Xylazine is extremely sedating and will most likely put the user to sleep before any enjoyable effects are experienced. Users may not wake up until the effects of the drug wears off.
Dizziness - This effect can increase the likelihood of falling and injuring oneself.
Spontaneous bodily sensation - Reduced blood flow to the limbs and extremeties may cause a tingling sensation, similar to a "dead leg" after sitting in a strange position for too long
There are currently 0 anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index.Additional experience reports can be found here:
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Xylazine has little or no recreational benefit and is extremely dangerous for the user and will likely lead to death. Usage may lead to dependence, diabetes, heart complications, loss of muscle mass, coma, and hyperglycemia. Injection sites may quickly deteriorate, develop necrosis, develop ulcers, develop abscesses and/or become infected. This decomposition is extremely painful and may have a foul odour, in severe cases amputation may be necessary. Xylazine may be found in almost any drug, even THC vape cartridges.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices if they decide to use this substance.
Lethal dosage
Overdose is often irreversible and fatal in humans. Depending on other drugs used, symptoms may last 8-72 hours. Naloxone will not reverse a xylazine overdose but should still be administered, as fentanyl is present in approximately 98% of xylazine overdoses[1]. Xylazine is known to cause toxicity and death in humans at dosage ranges as wide as 40mg to 2400mg [2] but post-mortem examination may reveal only trace amounts of the drug. In 2020, xylazine was present in 25.8% of overdose deaths in Philadelphia.[1]
Tolerance and addiction potential
Xylazine is an addictive substance and may cause dependence and withdrawals even in those who unknowingly used it.
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Dissociatives - This combination can unpredictably potentiate the amnesia, sedation, motor control loss and delusions that can be caused by each other. It may also result in a sudden loss of consciousness accompanied by a dangerous degree of respiratory depression. If nausea or vomiting occurs before consciousness is lost, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it.
Stimulants - Stimulants mask the sedative effect of depressants, which is the main factor most people use to gauge their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant effects wear off, the effects of the depressant will significantly increase, leading to intensified disinhibition, motor control loss, and dangerous black-out states. This combination can also potentially result in severe dehydration if one's fluid intake is not closely monitored. If choosing to combine these substances, one should strictly limit themselves to a pre-set schedule of dosing only a certain amount per hour until a maximum threshold has been reached.
As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
United Kingdom: Xylazine is not approved for use in humans by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency nor controlled under the 1971 Act. It is, however, likely to be subject to the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (“the 2016 Act”).
United States: Although not a controlled substance in the United States, xylazine is not approved for use in people. However, some states are taking steps to classify xylazine as a controlled substance.
