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Anxiety suppression: Difference between revisions

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>Graham
m Cannabidiol is anxiolytic, just adding it to the drugs that cause this effect.
>Graham
m Rearranged order to make reference clear it's applied to one drug rather than the list of all of them in the statement
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'''Anxiety suppression''' (also known as '''anxiolysis''' or '''minimal sedation''')<ref>National Cancer Institute. (2016). NCI dictionary of cancer terms. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/anxiolysis</ref> is a partial to complete suppression of a person’s ability to feel anxiety, general unease, and negative feelings of both psychological and physiological tension.<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=Joshua A.|title=Anxiolytic drug targets: beyond the usual suspects|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=110|issue=7|year=2002|pages=915–917|issn=0021-9738|doi=10.1172/JCI0216846}}</ref> The experience of this effect may decrease anxiety-related behaviours such as restlessness, muscular tension,<ref>Tyrer, P. (1988). Prescribing psychotropic drugs in general practice. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 296(6622), 588. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2545227/</ref> rumination, and panic attacks. This typically results in feelings of extreme calmness and relaxation.
'''Anxiety suppression''' (also known as '''anxiolysis''' or '''minimal sedation''')<ref>National Cancer Institute. (2016). NCI dictionary of cancer terms. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/anxiolysis</ref> is a partial to complete suppression of a person’s ability to feel anxiety, general unease, and negative feelings of both psychological and physiological tension.<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=Joshua A.|title=Anxiolytic drug targets: beyond the usual suspects|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|volume=110|issue=7|year=2002|pages=915–917|issn=0021-9738|doi=10.1172/JCI0216846}}</ref> The experience of this effect may decrease anxiety-related behaviours such as restlessness, muscular tension,<ref>Tyrer, P. (1988). Prescribing psychotropic drugs in general practice. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 296(6622), 588. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2545227/</ref> rumination, and panic attacks. This typically results in feelings of extreme calmness and relaxation.


Anxiety suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[disinhibition]] and [[sedation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[anxiolytic]] compounds which primarily include [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]],<ref>Lydiard, R. B. (2003). The role of GABA in anxiety disorders. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 64, 21-27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12662130</ref><ref name="GauthierNuss2015">{{cite journal|last1=Gauthier|first1=Isabelle|last2=Nuss|first2=Philippe|title=Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: a disturbance of modulation|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|year=2015|pages=165|issn=1178-2021|doi=10.2147/NDT.S58841}}</ref> such as [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref name="WoodShader1993">{{cite journal|last1=Wood|first1=Alastair J.J.|last2=Shader|first2=Richard I.|last3=Greenblatt|first3=David J.|title=Use of Benzodiazepines in Anxiety Disorders|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=328|issue=19|year=1993|pages=1398–1405|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199305133281907}}</ref> [[alcohol]],<ref>Smith, J. P., & Randall, C. L. (2012). Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: comorbidity and treatment considerations. Alcohol research: current reviews. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860396/</ref> [[GHB]],<ref name="Schmidt-MutterPain1998">{{cite journal|last1=Schmidt-Mutter|first1=Catherine|last2=Pain|first2=Laure|last3=Sandner|first3=Guy|last4=Gobaille|first4=Serge|last5=Maitre|first5=Michel|title=The anxiolytic effect of γ-hydroxybutyrate in the elevated plus maze is reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|volume=342|issue=1|year=1998|pages=21–27|issn=00142999|doi=10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01503-3}}</ref> and [[gabapentinoid|gabapentinoids]]<ref name="PollackMatthews1998">{{cite journal|last1=Pollack|first1=Mark H.|last2=Matthews|first2=John|last3=Scott|first3=Erin L.|title=Gabapentin as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=155|issue=7|year=1998|pages=992–993|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.155.7.992}}</ref>. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of a large variety of other pharmacological classes which include but are not limited to [[opioid|opioids]], [[dissociative|dissociatives]],<ref name="IrwinIglewicz2010">{{cite journal|last1=Irwin|first1=Scott A.|last2=Iglewicz|first2=Alana|title=Oral Ketamine for the Rapid Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Patients Receiving Hospice Care|journal=Journal of Palliative Medicine|volume=13|issue=7|year=2010|pages=903–908|issn=1096-6218|doi=10.1089/jpm.2010.9808}}</ref> [[SSRI|SSRIs]],<ref>Evans, B. J., & Burrows, G. D. (Eds.). (1998). Hypnosis in Australia. 82-3. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. http://hc.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4501310/Evans-Hypnosis_Australia.pdf#page=96</ref> and [[Cannabinoid|cannabinoids]].<ref name="BlessingSteenkamp20152">{{cite journal|last1=Blessing|first1=Esther M.|last2=Steenkamp|first2=Maria M.|last3=Manzanares|first3=Jorge|last4=Marmar|first4=Charles R.|title=Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders|journal=Neurotherapeutics|volume=12|issue=4|year=2015|pages=825–836|issn=1933-7213|doi=10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1}}</ref>
Anxiety suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[disinhibition]] and [[sedation]]. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[anxiolytic]] compounds which primarily include [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]],<ref>Lydiard, R. B. (2003). The role of GABA in anxiety disorders. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 64, 21-27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12662130</ref><ref name="GauthierNuss2015">{{cite journal|last1=Gauthier|first1=Isabelle|last2=Nuss|first2=Philippe|title=Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: a disturbance of modulation|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|year=2015|pages=165|issn=1178-2021|doi=10.2147/NDT.S58841}}</ref> such as [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref name="WoodShader1993">{{cite journal|last1=Wood|first1=Alastair J.J.|last2=Shader|first2=Richard I.|last3=Greenblatt|first3=David J.|title=Use of Benzodiazepines in Anxiety Disorders|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=328|issue=19|year=1993|pages=1398–1405|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM199305133281907}}</ref> [[alcohol]],<ref>Smith, J. P., & Randall, C. L. (2012). Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: comorbidity and treatment considerations. Alcohol research: current reviews. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860396/</ref> [[GHB]],<ref name="Schmidt-MutterPain1998">{{cite journal|last1=Schmidt-Mutter|first1=Catherine|last2=Pain|first2=Laure|last3=Sandner|first3=Guy|last4=Gobaille|first4=Serge|last5=Maitre|first5=Michel|title=The anxiolytic effect of γ-hydroxybutyrate in the elevated plus maze is reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|volume=342|issue=1|year=1998|pages=21–27|issn=00142999|doi=10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01503-3}}</ref> and [[gabapentinoid|gabapentinoids]]<ref name="PollackMatthews1998">{{cite journal|last1=Pollack|first1=Mark H.|last2=Matthews|first2=John|last3=Scott|first3=Erin L.|title=Gabapentin as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=155|issue=7|year=1998|pages=992–993|issn=0002-953X|doi=10.1176/ajp.155.7.992}}</ref>. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of a large variety of other pharmacological classes which include but are not limited to [[Cannabinoid|cannabinoids]],<ref name="BlessingSteenkamp20152">{{cite journal|last1=Blessing|first1=Esther M.|last2=Steenkamp|first2=Maria M.|last3=Manzanares|first3=Jorge|last4=Marmar|first4=Charles R.|title=Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders|journal=Neurotherapeutics|volume=12|issue=4|year=2015|pages=825–836|issn=1933-7213|doi=10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1}}</ref> [[dissociative|dissociatives]],<ref name="IrwinIglewicz2010">{{cite journal|last1=Irwin|first1=Scott A.|last2=Iglewicz|first2=Alana|title=Oral Ketamine for the Rapid Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Patients Receiving Hospice Care|journal=Journal of Palliative Medicine|volume=13|issue=7|year=2010|pages=903–908|issn=1096-6218|doi=10.1089/jpm.2010.9808}}</ref> [[SSRI|SSRIs]],<ref>Evans, B. J., & Burrows, G. D. (Eds.). (1998). Hypnosis in Australia. 82-3. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. http://hc.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4501310/Evans-Hypnosis_Australia.pdf#page=96</ref> and [[opioid|opioids]].
</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>
===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===

Revision as of 23:00, 7 January 2019

Anxiety suppression (also known as anxiolysis or minimal sedation)[1] is a partial to complete suppression of a person’s ability to feel anxiety, general unease, and negative feelings of both psychological and physiological tension.[2] The experience of this effect may decrease anxiety-related behaviours such as restlessness, muscular tension,[3] rumination, and panic attacks. This typically results in feelings of extreme calmness and relaxation.

Anxiety suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as disinhibition and sedation. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of anxiolytic compounds which primarily include GABAergic depressants,[4][5] such as benzodiazepines,[6] alcohol,[7] GHB,[8] and gabapentinoids[9]. However, it can also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of a large variety of other pharmacological classes which include but are not limited to cannabinoids,[10] dissociatives,[11] SSRIs,[12] and opioids.

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ National Cancer Institute. (2016). NCI dictionary of cancer terms. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/anxiolysis
  2. ↑ Gordon, Joshua A. (2002). "Anxiolytic drug targets: beyond the usual suspects". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 110 (7): 915–917. doi:10.1172/JCI0216846. ISSN 0021-9738. 
  3. ↑ Tyrer, P. (1988). Prescribing psychotropic drugs in general practice. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 296(6622), 588. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2545227/
  4. ↑ Lydiard, R. B. (2003). The role of GABA in anxiety disorders. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 64, 21-27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12662130
  5. ↑ Gauthier, Isabelle; Nuss, Philippe (2015). "Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: a disturbance of modulation". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment: 165. doi:10.2147/NDT.S58841. ISSN 1178-2021. 
  6. ↑ Wood, Alastair J.J.; Shader, Richard I.; Greenblatt, David J. (1993). "Use of Benzodiazepines in Anxiety Disorders". New England Journal of Medicine. 328 (19): 1398–1405. doi:10.1056/NEJM199305133281907. ISSN 0028-4793. 
  7. ↑ Smith, J. P., & Randall, C. L. (2012). Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: comorbidity and treatment considerations. Alcohol research: current reviews. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860396/
  8. ↑ Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine; Pain, Laure; Sandner, Guy; Gobaille, Serge; Maitre, Michel (1998). "The anxiolytic effect of γ-hydroxybutyrate in the elevated plus maze is reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil". European Journal of Pharmacology. 342 (1): 21–27. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01503-3. ISSN 0014-2999. 
  9. ↑ Pollack, Mark H.; Matthews, John; Scott, Erin L. (1998). "Gabapentin as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders". American Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (7): 992–993. doi:10.1176/ajp.155.7.992. ISSN 0002-953X. 
  10. ↑ Blessing, Esther M.; Steenkamp, Maria M.; Manzanares, Jorge; Marmar, Charles R. (2015). "Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders". Neurotherapeutics. 12 (4): 825–836. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1. ISSN 1933-7213. 
  11. ↑ Irwin, Scott A.; Iglewicz, Alana (2010). "Oral Ketamine for the Rapid Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Patients Receiving Hospice Care". Journal of Palliative Medicine. 13 (7): 903–908. doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.9808. ISSN 1096-6218. 
  12. ↑ Evans, B. J., & Burrows, G. D. (Eds.). (1998). Hypnosis in Australia. 82-3. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. http://hc.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4501310/Evans-Hypnosis_Australia.pdf#page=96
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