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{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because DOM is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]].
Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Overdose===
Overdose on DOM can start past the heavy dose range. Overdose effects typically include bizzare, [[delusion]]al and sometimes violent behavior, [[amnesia]], [[tactile suppression|numbness]], [[confusion]] and [[anxiety]]. The person may not be able to communicate and can be severely agitated. At appropriately high doses, more serious side effects include [[panic attack]]s, [[seizures]], dangerously [[increased heart rate|elevated heart rate]], [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] and [[vasoconstriction]]{{citation needed}}. Severe vasoconstriction typically develops to its peak several hours into the intoxication and may need medical assistence if blood flow is cut off significantly. If overdose occurs, [[benzodiazepines]] should be taken if possible to kill the hyperagitative effects, and a powerful vasodilator may need to be administered via the hospital, to prevent a hypertensive emergency, gangrene or in more serious cases, organ failure and death from the resulting hypoxia. DOM seems to exhibit its toxicity mostly in the brain in the form of memory problems{{citation needed}} and [[HPPD]] as well as on the circulatory system{{citation needed}}. The LD50 for DOM is unknown, although it probably lies higher than with [[DOB]] or other DOx, due to it's decreased potency, with anecdotal reports of 20mg not producing long-term health consequences.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
DOM is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
DOM is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (also known as DOM and STP or "Serenity, Tranquility and Peace") is a lesser-known psychedelic substance of the amphetamine class. DOM is a member of the DOx family of compounds which are known for their high potency, long duration, and mixture of psychedelic and stimulant effects. It produces its effects by acting on serotonin receptors in the brain.
DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by Alexander Shulgin.[1] It attained some popularity during the summer of 1967 under the name "STP" ("Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace"),[2] but its use was short-lived due to its side effects. In 1991, the synthesis and pharmacology of DOM was published in Shulgin's book PiHKAL ("Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved").[3].
Over the years, DOM has gained a reputation for being a highly dose-sensitive psychedelic that is often sold on blotting paper and known for its strong visuals, body load and neutral, analytical headspace. Many reports also indicate that the effects of this chemical may be overly difficult to use for those who are not already experienced with psychedelics.
DOM was first synthesized and tested in 1963 by Alexander Shulgin, who was investigating the effect of 4-position substitutions on psychedelic amphetamines.[1] DOM is part of the so-called "magical half-dozen" which refers to Shulgin's self-rated most important phenethylamine compounds, all of which except mescaline he developed and synthesized himself. They are found within the first book of PiHKAL and are as follows: Mescaline, DOM, 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7.
In mid-1967, tablets containing 20 mg (later 10 mg) of DOM were widely distributed in the Haight-Ashbury District of San Francisco under the name of "STP" (short for "Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace").[citation needed] This short-lived appearance of DOM on the black market proved disastrous for several reasons. First, the tablets contained an excessively high dose of the chemical. This, combined with DOM’s slow onset of action (which encouraged some users, familiar with substances that have quicker onsets, such as LSD, to re-dose) and its remarkably long duration, caused many users to panic and sent some to the emergency room. Second, treatment of such overdoses was complicated by the fact that it was unknown at the time that the tablets called "STP" were DOM.[citation needed]
Chemistry
DOM, or 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a molecule of the substituted amphetamine class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon Rα. DOM contains methoxy functional groups (OCH3) attached to carbons R2 and R5 and a methyl group attached to carbon R4 of the phenyl ring.
DOM is the amphetamine analogue of the phenethylamine 2C-D.[4][5]
DOM is a selective 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptorpartial agonist. Its psychedelic effects are mediated by its agonistic properties at the 5-HT2A receptor. Due to its selectivity, DOM is often used in scientific research when studying the 5-HT2 receptor subfamily.
DOM is a chiral molecule, and R-(-)-DOM is the more active enantiomer, functioning as a potent agonist of the serotonin family of receptors (mainly of the 5-HT2 subtype).[6]
However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.
Subjective effects
User reports suggest that DOM is relatively clear-headed in comparison to DOC or DOB, especially at higher dosages.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, DOM is usually considered to be mildly stimulating at levels which do not become overwhelming, encouraging users to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, it is more stimulating than psychedelics like psilocin, but less stimulating than most compounds of the DOx family.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - The "body high" of DOM is reported to be somewhat intense in comparison to most classical psychedelics. However, in comparison to DOC and the overwhelming forcefulness of 2C-E, it can be considered relatively mild and natural in feel. The sensation itself can be described as a constantly present yet somewhat mild energetic pins and needles sensation that encompasses one's entire body. This is coupled with a euphoric, fast-moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. It is usually felt over every square inch of the skin, but occasionally manifests itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body in spontaneous waves.
Tactile enhancement - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensation are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most DOM experiences. If Level 8A visuals are reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present.
Nausea - Moderate to extreme nausea is typically reported at moderate to high dosages and either passes once the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
Drifting(melting, flowing, breathing and morphing) - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style.
The visual geometry of DOM is described as unique and may share minimal similarity with 2C-D. It can be comprehensively described through its variations as intricate in style, equally algorithmic and abstract in form, equally synthetic and organic in style, structured in organization, brightly lit in lighting, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, sharp in edges, large in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. Higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of level 8A visual geometry over level 8B.
Hallucinatory states
DOM produces a full range of high-level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics. This holds particularly true in comparison to other substances within the phenethylamine family. These effects include:
Internal hallucination (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots) - In comparison to other psychedelics such as LSD, DOM is extremely high in its internal hallucinations. This particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They can be comprehensively described in terms of their variations as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability and geometry-based in appearance. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
Cognitive effects
The cognitive effects of DOM are described by many as a combination of extreme mental stimulation and a powerful enhancement of a person's current mental state.
The total sum of these cognitive components regardless of the setting generally includes:
Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement - This component is consistently manifested only in the context of social settings in which one is within the company of others. These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are a little weaker and less sharp than those found on substances such as MDMA and 2C-B, but still prove strong enough to provide long-lasting therapeutic effects.
Synaesthesia - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.
Transpersonal states on DOM are reported to occur in a far less consistent and reproducible fashion than classical psychedelics. This can perhaps be attributed its the prominent physical and stimulating effects, which tends to interfere with the user's ability to fully immerse themselves in the experience.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOM use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Overdose on DOM can start past the heavy dose range. Overdose effects typically include bizzare, delusional and sometimes violent behavior, amnesia, numbness, confusion and anxiety. The person may not be able to communicate and can be severely agitated. At appropriately high doses, more serious side effects include panic attacks, seizures, dangerously elevated heart rate, blood pressure and vasoconstriction[citation needed]. Severe vasoconstriction typically develops to its peak several hours into the intoxication and may need medical assistence if blood flow is cut off significantly. If overdose occurs, benzodiazepines should be taken if possible to kill the hyperagitative effects, and a powerful vasodilator may need to be administered via the hospital, to prevent a hypertensive emergency, gangrene or in more serious cases, organ failure and death from the resulting hypoxia. DOM seems to exhibit its toxicity mostly in the brain in the form of memory problems[citation needed] and HPPD as well as on the circulatory system[citation needed]. The LD50 for DOM is unknown, although it probably lies higher than with DOB or other DOx, due to it's decreased potency, with anecdotal reports of 20mg not producing long-term health consequences.
Tolerance and addiction potential
DOM is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
Tolerance to the effects of DOM are built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOM presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of DOM all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Dangerous interactions
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Tramadol - Tramadol lowers the seizure threshold[7] and psychedelics may act as triggers for seizures, particularly in those who are predisposed to them.[citation needed]
Stimulants - Stimulants affect many parts of the brain. Combined with psychedelics, stimulation can turn into uncontrollable anxiety, panic, thought loops and paranoia. This interaction may cause elevated risk of psychosis.[citation needed]
Lithium - Lithium is often used as treatment for bipolar disorder. It may possibly cause elevated risk of seizures and psychosis due to its glutaminergic and GABAergic effects.[citation needed]
Legal status
Austria: DOM is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).[citation needed]
Brazil: Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344 as "STP".[8]
↑Sanders-Bush, Burris, KD; Knoth, K, (September 1988). "Lysergic acid diethylamide and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine are partial agonists at serotonin receptors linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2843634
↑Talaie, H., Panahandeh, R., Fayaznouri, M. R., Asadi, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2009). Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol. Journal of medical toxicology, 5(2), 63-67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089
↑Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem (2,5-Dimetoksifeniletānamīni) | http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086
