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'''3-Hydroxyeticyclidine''' (commonly known as '''3-HO-PCE''') is a novel synthetic [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] chemical class that produces potent, dose-sensitive [[dissociative]], [[hallucinogenic]] and [[euphoric]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. Unlike its close structural analog [[3-HO-PCP]], this compound is entirely novel and has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.
'''3-Hydroxyeticyclidine''' (commonly known as '''3-HO-PCE''') is a novel synthetic [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] chemical class that produces potent, dose-sensitive [[dissociative]], [[hallucinogenic]] and [[euphoric]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. Unlike its close structural analog [[3-HO-PCP]], this compound is entirely novel and has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.
Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] given its structural relationship to [[3-HO-PCP]], which is known to possess affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]].<ref>Kalir, A., S. Maayani, M. Rehavi, R. Elkavetz, I. Pri-Bar, O. Buchman and M. Sokolovsky, 1978, Structure activity relationship of some phencyclidine derivatives; in vivo studies in mice, European J. Med. Chem. 13, 17.</ref> Whether it produces any of its theorized [[opioid]] effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion.
Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] given its structural relationship to [[3-HO-PCP]], which is known to possess affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]].<ref name="3HOPCEsar">Kalir, A., S. Maayani, M. Rehavi, R. Elkavetz, I. Pri-Bar, O. Buchman and M. Sokolovsky, 1978, Structure activity relationship of some phencyclidine derivatives; in vivo studies in mice, European J. Med. Chem. 13, 17.</ref> Whether it produces any of its theorized [[opioid]] effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion.
Following other substances of its class, particularly [[methoxetamine]] (MXE), [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), and [[3-MeO-PCE]], it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other [[dissociatives]], and its general effects profile been characterized as "lying halfway between [[3-MeO-PCP]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]."
Following other substances of its class, particularly [[methoxetamine]] (MXE), [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), and [[3-MeO-PCE]], it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other [[dissociatives]], and its general effects profile been characterized as "lying halfway between [[3-MeO-PCP]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]."
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There are also reports that suggest this compound may produce more physical side effects such as muscle soreness and flu-like symptoms during or shortly after administration. This suggests it may be uniquely more dangerous or toxic than related [[dissociatives]], particularly at higher doses.
There are also reports that suggest this compound may produce more physical side effects such as muscle soreness and flu-like symptoms during or shortly after administration. This suggests it may be uniquely more dangerous or toxic than related [[dissociatives]], particularly at higher doses.
There is a complete lack of data on the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE, and it has an extremely brief history of human usage. Today, it is exclusively distributed as a gray area [[research chemical]] by online vendors.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> Due to its potent dissociative and [[opioid]] effects, theorized habit-forming properties, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use this substance.
There is a complete lack of data on the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE, and it has an extremely brief history of human usage. Today, it is exclusively distributed as a gray area [[research chemical]] by online vendors.<ref>Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620</ref> Due to its potent [[dissociative]] and [[opioid]] effects, potential habit-forming properties, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use this substance.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the [[arylcyclohexylamine]] class. 3-HO-PCE contains cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional rings at R<sub>1</sub>. One of these rings is a piperidine ring, a nitrogenous six member ring, bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a hydroxy group.
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the [[arylcyclohexylamine]] class. 3-HO-PCE contains cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional groups at R<sub>1</sub>. One of these an ethyl chain bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a hydroxy group.
3-HO-PCE is a [[PCE]] analog and structurally homologous to [[3-MeO-PCE]].
3-HO-PCE is a [[PCE]] analog and structurally homologous to [[3-MeO-PCE]].
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==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
3-HO-PCE acts as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. A specific subtype of glutamate receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate), modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.{{citation needed}}
While no formal studies have been conducted, 3-HO-PCE likely acts principally as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. A specific subtype of glutamate receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate), modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.{{citation needed}}
There is ongoing speculation as to whether this compound displays [[μ-opioid]] receptor activity due to its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which has been found to have appreciable affinity as a [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] [[agonist]] in animal models. <ref name="3HOPCEsar" />
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]''' - The body high of this compound can be described in terms of its style variations as a motionless, constant, sharp, all-encompassing, and euphoric activation of nerve endings across the body.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - 3-HO-PCE has been reported to more readily induce euphoria than most other dissociatives, such as [[ketamine]] or [[diphenidine]], especially of the manic variant.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - 3-HO-PCE has been reported to more readily induce euphoria than most other dissociatives, such as [[ketamine]] or [[diphenidine]], especially of the manic variant.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' and '''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]''' - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and [[pain relief|anesthesia]].
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' & '''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]''' - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and [[pain relief|anesthesia]].
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only in the stronger to heavier dose ranges.
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only at higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]''' and '''[[Motor control loss]]''' - At lower dosages this compound typically induces enhancements in bodily control. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards motor control
*'''[[Motor control loss]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]''' - In contrast to other dissociatives like ketamine, this effect is only prominent at high doses.
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]''' - In contrast to other dissociatives like ketamine, this effect is only prominent at high doses.
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*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, fatigued or undernourished.
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, or fatigued.
}}
}}
{{effects/disconnective|
{{effects/disconnective|
The disconnective effects of this compound appear to be less prominent compared to dissociatives like [[ketamine]] or [[MXE]]. They seem to not occur at common doses and may only occur at levels that may be accompanied by potentially dangerous side effects.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]''' - This eventually results in 3-HO-PCE's equivalent of the notorious "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole]" or, more specifically, ''[[Visual disconnection#Holes, spaces and voids|holes, spaces and voids]]'' alongside of ''[[Visual disconnection#Structures|structures]]''.
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Déjà vu]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - This effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives. It typically occurs during the offset of the trip, but can also occur during the onset and come up as well.
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - This effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives.
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depersonalization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Derealization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]''' - This effect has been reported to be more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives, such as [[MXE]] or [[Ketamine]]. It typically occurs during the [[offset]] of the trip, but can also occur during the [[onset]] and come up as well.
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]''' - Like psychosis, this effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives.
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dream potentiation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]''' - This is reported to be present at lower dosage ranges.
*'''[[Effect::Thought disorganization]]'''
}}
}}
{{effects/auditory|
{{effects/auditory|
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancement]]''' - This effect is reported to only occur at lower doses.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]''' - This effect has been reported as being especially present at low dosages.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]''' - While lower doses of this compound may produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]''' - While lower doses of this compound tend to produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Frame rate suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Frame rate suppression]]'''
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====Distortions====
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Environmental cubism]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perspective distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
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[[Category:Dissociative]]
[[Category:Dissociative]]
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{{#set:Featured=true}}
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3-Hydroxyeticyclidine (commonly known as 3-HO-PCE) is a novel synthetic dissociative substance of the arylcyclohexylamine chemical class that produces potent, dose-sensitive dissociative, hallucinogenic and euphoric effects when administered. Unlike its close structural analog 3-HO-PCP, this compound is entirely novel and has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.
Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the μ-opioidreceptor given its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which is known to possess affinity for the μ-opioidreceptor.[1] Whether it produces any of its theorized opioid effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion.
Following other substances of its class, particularly methoxetamine (MXE), phencyclidine (PCP), and 3-MeO-PCE, it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "dissociative anesthesia". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other dissociatives, and its general effects profile been characterized as "lying halfway between 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MeO-PCE."
There are also reports that suggest this compound may produce more physical side effects such as muscle soreness and flu-like symptoms during or shortly after administration. This suggests it may be uniquely more dangerous or toxic than related dissociatives, particularly at higher doses.
There is a complete lack of data on the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE, and it has an extremely brief history of human usage. Today, it is exclusively distributed as a gray area research chemical by online vendors.[2] Due to its potent dissociative and opioid effects, potential habit-forming properties, and unknown toxicity profile, it is strongly recommended that one use proper harm reduction practices if choosing to use this substance.
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the arylcyclohexylamine class. 3-HO-PCE contains cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional groups at R1. One of these an ethyl chain bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R3 with a hydroxy group.
3-HO-PCE is a PCE analog and structurally homologous to 3-MeO-PCE.
While no formal studies have been conducted, 3-HO-PCE likely acts principally as an NMDA receptor antagonist. A specific subtype of glutamate receptor, NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate), modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.[citation needed]
There is ongoing speculation as to whether this compound displays μ-opioid receptor activity due to its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which has been found to have appreciable affinity as a μ-opioidreceptoragonist in animal models. [1]
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical euphoria - 3-HO-PCE has been reported to more readily induce euphoria than most other dissociatives, such as ketamine or diphenidine, especially of the manic variant.
Tactile enhancement & Tactile suppression - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and anesthesia.
Pain relief - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only at higher doses.
Seizure - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, or fatigued.
The disconnective effects of this compound appear to be less prominent compared to dissociatives like ketamine or MXE. They seem to not occur at common doses and may only occur at levels that may be accompanied by potentially dangerous side effects.
Compulsive redosing - This effect is more prominent based on the route of administration used. For example, it is especially present when smoked or vaporized, due to the relative abruptness of the substance entering and leaving the bloodstream.
Visual acuity suppression - While lower doses of this compound may produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-HO-PCE use has not been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 3-HO-PCE has a very short history of human usage.
Tolerance and addiction potential
The chronic use of 3-HO-PCE can be considered highly addictive with a high potential for adverse side effects such as psychosis. In comparison to other dissociatives, 3-HO-PCE has been reported to be more addictive than MXE, diphenidine, ephenidine, DCK, and ketamine. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. There have been multiple reports across the internet of people becoming seriously addicted daily users of this substance so serious precautions and considerations should be taken before trying this substance.
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-HO-PCE develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 4 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-HO-PCE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all dissociatives]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-HO-PCE, all dissociatives will have a reduced effect.
It is strongly recommended that one exercise extreme caution and harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Users should avoid taking the drug multiple days in a row or becoming dependent/addicted to it as this seems to be the main common factor in the observed incidences of severe adverse effects.
The recommended dosage range should not be exceeded as high doses can trigger these effects as well.
Users should start with extremely low doses and work their way up as slowly as possible. Volumetric liquid dosing should preferably be used due to the drug's potency; most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.[3]
Compulsive redosing before one has fully sobered up is not recommended and can result in too high of a dose.
Due to the risk of psychosis, it is not recommended to combine this drug with other substances, especially stimulants, psychedelics, or other dissociatives like MXE. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices, such as volumetric dosing, when using this substance to ensure the administration of the intended dose.
Urinary tract effects
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, 3-HO-PCE is likely to exhibit similar bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within ketamine, but to a lesser extent. This is possibly because 3-HO-PCE is far more potent than ketamine so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
Urinary frequency - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
Urinary urgency - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
Urinary pressure - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
Pelvic and bladder pain - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
Hematuria - Hematuria is visible blood in the urine.
Incontinence - This is the leakage of urine.
All of these, however, can be avoided by refraining from using 3-HO-PCE on a daily or even weekly basis and manually limiting one's usage of the substance.
As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
United Kingdom - 3-HO-PCE is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As a derivative of 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine where the amine has been replaced with a 1-piperidyl group, further substituted in the phenyl ring with a hydroxy substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.[4]
Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs.Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
References
↑ 1.01.1Kalir, A., S. Maayani, M. Rehavi, R. Elkavetz, I. Pri-Bar, O. Buchman and M. Sokolovsky, 1978, Structure activity relationship of some phencyclidine derivatives; in vivo studies in mice, European J. Med. Chem. 13, 17.
↑Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
