
PCP: Difference between revisions
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===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ===Tolerance and addiction potential=== | ||
The chronic use of PCP can be considered [[Addiction potential::highly addictive with a high potential for adverse side effects such as psychosis]]. In comparison to other [[dissociatives]], PCP has been reported to be more addictive than [[MXE]], [[diphenidine]], [[ephenidine]], and [[ketamine]]. When addiction has developed, cravings may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. There have been multiple reports across the internet of people becoming seriously addicted daily users of this substance so serious precautions and considerations should be taken before trying this substance. | |||
PCP | Tolerance to many of the effects of PCP develops [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Note that PCP presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociatives]]]], meaning that after the consumption of PCP, all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect. | ||
===Urinary tract effects=== | ===Urinary tract effects=== |
Revision as of 21:36, 4 February 2016
PCP may cause psychosis and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives.[1][2]
It is strongly discouraged to use this substance in high doses or multiple days in a row. Please see this section for more details.
PCP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common names | PCP, Angel Dust, Sherman, Sernyl, Wet, Dust, Supergrass, Boat, Tic Tac, Zoom | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Substitutive name | Phencyclidine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Systematic name | 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Psychoactive class | Dissociative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical class | Arylcyclohexylamine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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MAOIs |
Summary sheet: PCP |
Phencyclidine (also known as PCP, Angel Dust, or Sernyl) [6] is a dissociative drug. In chemical structure, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class, and, in pharmacology, it is a member of the family of dissociative anesthetics. PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist, where it blocks the activity of the NMDA receptor. As an addictive drug, PCP is associated with compulsive abuse.[7][8][9][10]
PCP was brought to market in the 1950s as an anesthetic pharmaceutical drug but was taken off the market in 1965 due to the high prevalence of dissociative hallucinogenic side effects. Likewise ketamine was discovered by Parke-Davis researchers as a better-tolerated derivative for use as an anesthetic pharmaceutical drug. Since this time a number of synthetic derivatives of PCP have been sold as dissociative drugs for recreational and non-medical use.[11]
As a recreational drug, PCP may be ingested orally, smoked, insufflated or injected.[12]
Chemistry
PCP, or phencyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the arylcyclohexylamine class. PCP contains cyclohexane, a six member saturated ring, bonded to two additional rings at R1. One of these rings is a piperidine ring, a nitrogenous six member ring, bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring. PCP is an initialism named from the first letters of the three constituent rings piperdine, cyclohexane and phenyl.
Pharmacology
PCP acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist. NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. NMDA receptor antagonists close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually an almost identical equivalent of the famous “k-hole”.
PCP also acts as a dopamine-reuptake inhibitor and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor with alleged µ-opioid affinity and typical dissociative effects. This provides an explanation for its euphoric and often stimulating effects.
Subjective effects
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This subjective effects section is a stub. As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding or correcting it. |
The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
PCP is considerably more likely to induce psychosis than other dissociatives and is therefore potentially dangerous regardless of setting.
Physical effects
- Tactile disconnection
- Spontaneous tactile sensations
- Tactile suppression
- Physical autonomy
- Motor control loss
- Physical euphoria
- Perception of decreased weight
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Visual sliding
Cognitive effects
The general head space of PCP is often described as particularly stimulating, euphoric and clear-headed in comparison to that of DXM and ketamine. The specific cognitive effects can be broken down into several separate subcomponents which are listed and described below:
- Psychosis - This effect is more common on PCP than other dissociatives.[13][14]
- Delusions
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Consciousness disconnection
- Memory suppression
- Thought acceleration
- Immersion enhancement
- Information processing suppression
- Time distortion
- Euphoria
- Introspection
- Déjà vu
- Conceptual thinking
- Compulsive redosing
- Anxiety suppression
- Disinhibition
- Amnesia
- Feelings of impending doom
- Creativity enhancement
Visual effects
Suppression
- Visual disconnection - This eventually results in PCP's equivalent of the famous "k-hole" or more specifically, holes, spaces and voids alongside of structures.
- Visual acuity suppression
- Double vision
- Pattern recognition suppression
- Frame rate suppression
Distortions
Hallucinatory states
At high doses, PCP can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics. These effects include:
Auditory effects
Toxicity and harm potential
Psychosis
PCP has been reported to cause psychosis and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives like ketamine, diphenidine, or MXE. Multiple scientific papers describe states of psychosis, mania, and/or delirium occurring after moderate to large doses of the drug were ingested. In one initial human trial, it was reported that one-sixth of the patients who had received anaesthetic doses became psychotic.[13] In some cases, it took up to a week or more to resolve. Similar results (although less severe) were reported during trials using subanesthetic doses of PCP for pain relief.[14]
It is strongly recommended that one use extreme caution and harm reduction practices when using this drug. Users should avoid taking the drug multiple days in a row or becoming addicted to it as this increases the risk of severe adverse effects. The recommended dosage range should not be exceeded as high doses can trigger these effects as well. Users should start with extremely low doses and work their way up as slowly as possible. Volumetric liquid dosing should preferably be used due to the drug's potency; most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg. Compulsive redosing before one has fully sobered up is not recommended and can result in too high of a dose.
Due to the risk of psychosis, it is not recommended to combine this drug with other substances, especially stimulants, psychedelics, or other dissociatives like MXE. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Tolerance and addiction potential
The chronic use of PCP can be considered highly addictive with a high potential for adverse side effects such as psychosis. In comparison to other dissociatives, PCP has been reported to be more addictive than MXE, diphenidine, ephenidine, and ketamine. When addiction has developed, cravings may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. There have been multiple reports across the internet of people becoming seriously addicted daily users of this substance so serious precautions and considerations should be taken before trying this substance.
Tolerance to many of the effects of PCP develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Note that PCP presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all dissociatives]], meaning that after the consumption of PCP, all dissociatives will have a reduced effect.
Urinary tract effects
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and with excess for extended periods of time, PCP seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within ketamine.
- Urinary frequency - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
- Urinary urgency - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
- Urinary pressure - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
- Pelvic and bladder pain - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
- Hematuria - Hematuria is visible blood in the urine.
- Incontinence - This is the leakage of urine.
All of these, however, can easily be avoided by simply not using PCP on a daily or even weekly basis and manually limiting one's usage of the substance.
Dangerous interactions
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
- Psychedelics - This combination is not advised because PCP has been reported to cause extreme psychological disturbances such as psychosis and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives.[13][14]
- Stimulants - This combination is not advised because PCP has been reported to cause extreme psychological disturbances such as psychosis and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives.[13][14]
- Stimulants - Both stimulants and dissociatives carry the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, mania, delusions and psychosis and these risks are exacerbated when the two substances are combined.
- Depressants - Because both depress the respiratory system, this combination can result in an increased risk of suddenly falling unconscious, vomiting and choking to death from the resulting suffocation. If nausea or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it.
Legal issues
- Canada - PCP is Schedule I in Canada.
- New Zealand - PCP is Schedule I (class A) in New Zealand.
- Poland - PCP is Schedule II (II-P group) in Poland.
- Portugal - Effective July 2001, personal use of PCP was decriminalized by Law 30/2000. Possession of less than 100 mg is not regarded as a criminal offence, though the substance is liable to be seized and the possessor can be referred to mandatory treatment. Sale or possession of quantities greater than the personal possession limit are criminal offences punishable by jail time.
- U.K. - PCP is a class A in the U.K., making it illegal to buy or possess without a prescription.
- U.S. - PCP is a Schedule II controlled substance.
See also
References
- ↑ Luisada, P. V., M. D. (1978), “The Phencyclidine Psychosis: Phenomenology and Treatment.” Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal., National Institute on Drug Abuse
- ↑ Tasman, A., Kay, J., Lieberman, J. A., First, M. B., Riba, M. (5 February 2015). Psychiatry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118753361.
- ↑ PCP Psychosis (PsychonautWiki) | https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/3-MeO-PCP#Toxicity_and_harm_potential
- ↑ PCP Psychosis (PsychonautWiki) | https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/3-MeO-PCP#Toxicity_and_harm_potential
- ↑ 3-MeO-PCP Psychosis (PsychonautWiki) | https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/3-MeO-PCP#Toxicity_and_harm_potential
- ↑ PCP Fast Facts | http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4440/
- ↑ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 374–375. ISBN 9780071481274.
- ↑ From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678061
- ↑ Drugs and Behavior, 4th Edition, McKim, William A., ISBN 0-13-083146-8
- ↑ NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and PCP have direct effects on the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2receptors¾implications for models of schizophrenia | http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v7/n8/full/4001093a.html
- ↑ From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678061
- ↑ http://drugabuse.gov/infofacts/hallucinogens.html
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/21.pdf | Luisada, Paul V., M.D. "The Phencyclidine Psychosis: Phenomenology and Treatment." Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1978. pg. 241.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Tasman, Allan, Jerald Kay, and Jeffrey A. Lieberman. Psychiatry. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2003. Google Books. Wiley. Web. <https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT4957&lpg=PT4957&dq=Greifenstein+et+al.+1958%29.&source=bl&ots=s5CFdAfMzc&sig=GzsOq_N-V1qtahxyyHnKMJceEj0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji0pWTjNLKAhUBaD4KHTfqD0sQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=Greifenstein%20et%20al.%201958%29.&f=false>.