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>David Hedlund
External links=== * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition Disinhibition (Wikipedia)]===References
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'''Disinhibition''' can be described as a partial to complete suppression of one's self-restraint when it comes to governing socially acceptable behavior and general decision-making processes. A person with drug-induced disinhibition will experience a decreased ability to control and manage their immediate impulsive responses to the external environment. This is usually manifested through impulsivity, poor risk assessment, and a disregard for social conventions.  
'''Disinhibition''' is medically recognized as an orientation towards immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.<ref name="DSM5GlossaryDisinhibition">{{cite journal|title=Glossary of Technical Terms|journal=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)|year=2013|pages=820|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms}}</ref><ref name="ZamboniHuey2008">{{cite journal|last1=Zamboni|first1=G.|last2=Huey|first2=E. D.|last3=Krueger|first3=F.|last4=Nichelli|first4=P. F.|last5=Grafman|first5=J.|title=Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates|journal=Neurology|volume=71|issue=10|year=2008|pages=736–742|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920.96835.95}}</ref><ref name="KällménGustafson1998">{{cite journal|last1=Källmén|first1=Håkan|last2=Gustafson|first2=Roland|title=Alcohol and Disinhibition|journal=European Addiction Research|volume=4|issue=4|year=1998|pages=150–162|issn=1022-6877|doi=10.1159/000018948}}</ref> This is usually manifested through recklessness, poor risk assessment, and a disregard for social conventions.  


At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence.  
At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence.  


However, at its higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, sometimes at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, or social appropriateness. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment.  
However, at higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, social appropriateness, or local laws and regulations. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment. The negative consequences of disinhibited behaviour range from relatively benign consequences (such as embarrassing oneself) to destructive and damaging ones (such as driving under the influence or committing criminal acts). 


Disinhibition will often synergize with other coinciding effects, such as [[amnesia]] and [[anxiety suppression]], in a manner which can further decrease one's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of common to heavy dosages of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]] such as [[alcohol]],<ref>Alcohol Disinhibition of Behaviors in C. elegans (plos.org) http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0092965</ref> [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref>Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review (rcpsych.org) | http://pb.rcpsych.org/content/26/12/460</ref> [[phenibut]], and [[GHB]]. It is also a commonly reported effect of [[entactogenic]] substances such as [[MDMA]], [[methylone]], and [[mephedrone]].{{citation needed}}
Disinhibition is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as [[amnesia]] and [[anxiety suppression]] in a manner which can further decrease the person's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of [[dosage#common|moderate]] [[dosage|dosages]] of [[GABAergic]] [[depressant|depressants]], such as [[alcohol]],<ref name="BettingerTopper2014">{{cite journal|last1=Bettinger|first1=Jill C.|last2=Topper|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Aguilar|first3=Sara C.|last4=Topper|first4=Viktoria Y.|last5=Elbel|first5=Erin|last6=Pierce-Shimomura|first6=Jonathan T.|title=Alcohol Disinhibition of Behaviors in C. elegans|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=9|issue=3|year=2014|pages=e92965|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0092965}}</ref> [[benzodiazepine|benzodiazepines]],<ref name="Paton2018">{{cite journal|last1=Paton|first1=Carol|title=Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review|journal=Psychiatric Bulletin|volume=26|issue=12|year=2018|pages=460–462|issn=0955-6036|doi=10.1192/pb.26.12.460}}</ref> [[phenibut]], and [[GHB]]. However, it may also occur under the influence of certain [[stimulant|stimulants]],<ref name="Fillmore2003">{{cite journal|last1=Fillmore|first1=M|title=Effects of d-amphetamine on behavioral control in stimulant abusers: the role of prepotent response tendencies|journal=Drug and Alcohol Dependence|volume=71|issue=2|year=2003|pages=143–152|issn=03768716|doi=10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00089-9}}</ref> [[entactogen|entactogens]],<ref name="AndoBenko2006">{{cite journal|last1=Ando|first1=Romeo D.|last2=Benko|first2=Anita|last3=Ferrington|first3=Linda|last4=Kirilly|first4=Eszter|last5=Kelly|first5=Paul A.T.|last6=Bagdy|first6=Gyorgy|title=Partial lesion of the serotonergic system by a single dose of MDMA results in behavioural disinhibition and enhances acute MDMA-induced social behaviour on the social interaction test|journal=Neuropharmacology|volume=50|issue=7|year=2006|pages=884–896|issn=00283908|doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.010}}</ref> and [[dissociative|dissociatives]]<ref name="LissekGüntürkün2003">{{cite journal|last1=Lissek|first1=Silke|last2=Güntürkün|first2=Onur|title=Dissociation of Extinction and Behavioral Disinhibition: The Role of NMDA Receptors in the Pigeon Associative Forebrain during Extinction|journal=The Journal of Neuroscience|volume=23|issue=22|year=2003|pages=8119–8124|issn=0270-6474|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08119.2003}}</ref>.
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===Psychoactive substances===
===Psychoactive substances===
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
Compounds within our [[psychoactive substance index]] which may cause this effect include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
{{#ask:[[Category:Psychoactive substance]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===Experience reports===
Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our [[experience index]] include:
{{#ask:[[Category:Experience]][[Effect::Disinhibition]]|format=ul|Columns=2}}
===See also===
===See also===
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
*[[Subjective effects index]]
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*[[Benzodiazepines]]
*[[Benzodiazepines]]
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Alcohol]]
===External links===
===External links===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition Disinhibition (Wikipedia)]===References===
 
<references/>
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinhibition Disinhibition (Wikipedia)]
[[Category:Cognitive]] [[Category:Suppression]] [[Category:Effect]]
 
===References===
<references />
[[Category:Cognitive]]  
[[Category:Suppression]]  
[[Category:Effect]]

Latest revision as of 21:50, 12 May 2022

Disinhibition is medically recognized as an orientation towards immediate gratification, leading to impulsive behavior driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for past learning or consideration of future consequences.[1][2][3] This is usually manifested through recklessness, poor risk assessment, and a disregard for social conventions.

At its lower levels of intensity, disinhibition can allow one to overcome emotional apprehension and suppressed social skills in a manner that is moderated and controllable for the average person. This can often prove useful for those who suffer from social anxiety or a general lack of self-confidence.

However, at higher levels of intensity, the disinhibited individual may be completely unable to maintain any semblance of self-restraint, at the expense of politeness, sensitivity, social appropriateness, or local laws and regulations. This lack of constraint can be negative, neutral, or positive depending on the individual and their current environment. The negative consequences of disinhibited behaviour range from relatively benign consequences (such as embarrassing oneself) to destructive and damaging ones (such as driving under the influence or committing criminal acts).

Disinhibition is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as amnesia and anxiety suppression in a manner which can further decrease the person's observance of and regard for social norms. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of GABAergic depressants, such as alcohol,[4] benzodiazepines,[5] phenibut, and GHB. However, it may also occur under the influence of certain stimulants,[6] entactogens,[7] and dissociatives[8].

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

... further results

Experience reports

Annectdotal reports which describe this effect with our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Glossary of Technical Terms". Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.): 820. 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms. 
  2. ↑ Zamboni, G.; Huey, E. D.; Krueger, F.; Nichelli, P. F.; Grafman, J. (2008). "Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates". Neurology. 71 (10): 736–742. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000324920.96835.95. ISSN 0028-3878. 
  3. ↑ Källmén, Håkan; Gustafson, Roland (1998). "Alcohol and Disinhibition". European Addiction Research. 4 (4): 150–162. doi:10.1159/000018948. ISSN 1022-6877. 
  4. ↑ Bettinger, Jill C.; Topper, Stephen M.; Aguilar, Sara C.; Topper, Viktoria Y.; Elbel, Erin; Pierce-Shimomura, Jonathan T. (2014). "Alcohol Disinhibition of Behaviors in C. elegans". PLoS ONE. 9 (3): e92965. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092965. ISSN 1932-6203. 
  5. ↑ Paton, Carol (2018). "Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review". Psychiatric Bulletin. 26 (12): 460–462. doi:10.1192/pb.26.12.460. ISSN 0955-6036. 
  6. ↑ Fillmore, M (2003). "Effects of d-amphetamine on behavioral control in stimulant abusers: the role of prepotent response tendencies". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 71 (2): 143–152. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00089-9. ISSN 0376-8716. 
  7. ↑ Ando, Romeo D.; Benko, Anita; Ferrington, Linda; Kirilly, Eszter; Kelly, Paul A.T.; Bagdy, Gyorgy (2006). "Partial lesion of the serotonergic system by a single dose of MDMA results in behavioural disinhibition and enhances acute MDMA-induced social behaviour on the social interaction test". Neuropharmacology. 50 (7): 884–896. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.010. ISSN 0028-3908. 
  8. ↑ Lissek, Silke; Güntürkün, Onur (2003). "Dissociation of Extinction and Behavioral Disinhibition: The Role of NMDA Receptors in the Pigeon Associative Forebrain during Extinction". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (22): 8119–8124. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08119.2003. ISSN 0270-6474. 
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