Warning
This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.

Talk:Atomoxetine: Difference between revisions

From PsychonautWiki Archive
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
>Bgiom
m pgf
>DonVergas
m Fixing inner links
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
== Atomoxetine is a medication used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, working by increasing norepinephrine levels in the brain, specifically targeting the prefrontal cortex, aiding in improving attention, impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity. Unlike some medications for ADHD, such as Methylphenidate and Lisdexamfetamine, Atomoxetine is not a stimulant, making it a preferred option for patients who do not respond well to stimulants or have concerns about their use, such as dependency and abuse. Atomoxetine is a long-acting treatment option, meaning that a single daily dose can provide benefits throughout the day, eliminating the need for multiple doses. This notion was further strengthened by data showing that atomoxetine may be preferred in the treatment of addictions because it does not increase dopamine concentrations in striatum and nucleus accumbens, suggesting a low abuse potential. ==
== Atomoxetine ==


*
'''Atomoxetine''' (also known by the brand name '''Strattera''') is a prescription substance of the [[chemical class::phenylpropylamine]] class. It acts as a [[sNRI|selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI)]], and is used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


=== It is usually administered in the form of extended-release capsules, allowing for a single daily dose. The most common side effects include headache, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, and trouble sleeping. It may take a few weeks for the benefits of atomoxetine to be fully realized, and it is important to follow medical guidance for dose adjustments and monitoring. ===
Unlike [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] medications such as [[methylphenidate]] or [[amphetamine]], atomoxetine is classified as a [[Nootropics|non-stimulant therapeutic agent]] with a low abuse potential. It exerts its effects by increasing extracellular levels of [[norepinephrine]], particularly within the prefrontal cortex. Recent research suggests that atomoxetine also mildy inhibits the reuptake of [[serotonin]] at clinical dosages as well.


=== Although it is generally well tolerated, atomoxetine may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors in some individuals, especially at the beginning of treatment. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor patients, especially children and adolescents, during the use of this medication. ===
== Chemistry ==


*
Atomoxetine is a synthetic molecule of the phenylpropylamine and phenoxyphenylpropylamine chemical classes. It features a substituted phenyl ring attached to a propylamine chain, which is further connected to a phenoxy group.
*In Australia, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland and the US, atomoxetine is sold under the brand name Strattera. In Brazil is sold under the name Atentah. In the Czech Republic it is sold under brand names including Mylan. In Poland, it is sold under the brand name Auroxetyn.
*
*Studies suggest that atomoxetine's action as an antidepressant also provides some effectiveness in relation to depressive and anxious symptoms, as well as in reducing the craving for cannabis and nicotine.
*


= Drug Interations =
== Pharmacology ==


*Marijuana and CBD oil: The interaction between atomoxetine and marijuana (even if it's just CBD oil) can lead to an increase in atomoxetine levels in the body, enhancing side effects and intensifying the risks of suicidal thoughts, mood swings, nausea, abdominal discomfort, as well as paranoia and anxiety, especially in predisposed individuals. Additionally, both can cause cardiovascular changes and hypertension in susceptible individuals.
Atomoxetine blocks the norepinephrine transporter (NET), leading to increased norepinephrine availability, especially in the prefrontal cortex — an area associated with attention and executive functioning.
*
 
*Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): The combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) can result in Serotonin Syndrome, characterized by severe symptoms such as confusion, agitation, and increased heart rate due to excess serotonin in the brain. Additionally, there is an increased risk of side effects such as nausea, insomnia, and dizziness, as well as cardiovascular complications, including cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension. Although less common, the combination can lead to serious adverse reactions such as hypertensive crises or acute cardiovascular events.
Unlike stimulants, atomoxetine does not significantly affect [[dopamine]] concentrations in the striatum or nucleus accumbens, which contributes to its lack of reinforcing or euphoric properties.
*
 
*Amphetamines: The combination can  increase the risk of an irregular heart rhythm that may be serious and potentially life-threatening, although it is a relatively rare side effect. You may be more susceptible if you have a heart condition called congenital long QT syndrome, other cardiac diseases, conduction abnormalities, or electrolyte disturbances (for example, magnesium or potassium loss due to severe or prolonged diarrhea or vomiting).
== Subjective effects ==
 
Atomoxetine does not produce traditional stimulant or euphoric effects and is not considered recreational. However, at therapeutic doses, it may produce the following effects:
 
* Increased focus
* Enhanced attention span
* Reduced impulsivity
* Emotional blunting (occasionally reported)
* Subtle mood stabilization
 
== Combinations ==
 
{{Warningbox|Combining this compound with other substances can be potentially dangerous. It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.}}
 
* '''SSRIs / SNRIs''': May increase atomoxetine levels and the risk of [[Serotonin syndrome]]. This may include symptoms such as agitation, confusion, and cardiovascular abnormalities.
* '''MAOIs''': Contraindicated. Combining with monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause hypertensive crises. A 14-day washout period is required.
* '''Cannabis / CBD''': Cannabinoids may increase serum levels of atomoxetine, enhancing side effects like nausea, anxiety, and mood swings.
* '''Amphetamines''': Increases the risk of cardiac side effects, including arrhythmias, particularly in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular conditions or electrolyte imbalances.
* '''Phenidates''': Increases the risk of cardiac side effects, including arrhythmias, particularly in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular conditions or electrolyte imbalances.
 
== Toxicity and harm potential ==
 
Atomoxetine is generally considered to have low toxicity when used as prescribed. However, it can produce adverse effects, especially in sensitive individuals.
 
=== Common adverse effects ===
* Nausea
* Headache
* Insomnia or drowsiness
* Appetite suppression
* Dizziness
* Dry mouth
 
=== Serious risks ===
* Suicidal ideation (particularly in adolescents)
* Liver damage (rare)
* Increased blood pressure or heart rate
* Mood swings or aggression
* Priapism
 
Close monitoring is recommended during the initial weeks of treatment, particularly in children and adolescents.
 
== Tolerance, dependence and abuse potential ==
 
Atomoxetine does not produce tolerance, cravings, or physical dependence. It is not habit-forming and is not classified as a controlled substance in most jurisdictions.
 
== Legal status ==
 
* '''United States''': Prescription-only; not scheduled.
* '''Canada''': Prescription-only.
* '''Australia''': Prescription-only.
* '''Brazil''': Marketed as '''Atentah'''.
* '''European Union''': Prescription-only. Sold under various brand names including '''Strattera''', '''Mylan''', and '''Auroxetyn''' depending on the country.
 
== See also ==
 
* [[Methylphenidate]]
* [[Amphetamine]]
* [[Norepinephrine]]
 
== External links ==
* {{Wikipedia|Atomoxetine}}
* {{PubChem|54841}}
* {{DrugBank|DB00289}}
 
[[Category:Substances]]
[[Category:Stimulants]]
[[Category:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors]]
[[Category:Therapeutic substances]]
[[Category:Prescription substances]]

Latest revision as of 22:12, 7 April 2025

Atomoxetine

Atomoxetine (also known by the brand name Strattera) is a prescription substance of the phenylpropylamine class. It acts as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI), and is used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Unlike stimulant medications such as methylphenidate or amphetamine, atomoxetine is classified as a non-stimulant therapeutic agent with a low abuse potential. It exerts its effects by increasing extracellular levels of norepinephrine, particularly within the prefrontal cortex. Recent research suggests that atomoxetine also mildy inhibits the reuptake of serotonin at clinical dosages as well.

Chemistry

Atomoxetine is a synthetic molecule of the phenylpropylamine and phenoxyphenylpropylamine chemical classes. It features a substituted phenyl ring attached to a propylamine chain, which is further connected to a phenoxy group.

Pharmacology

Atomoxetine blocks the norepinephrine transporter (NET), leading to increased norepinephrine availability, especially in the prefrontal cortex — an area associated with attention and executive functioning.

Unlike stimulants, atomoxetine does not significantly affect dopamine concentrations in the striatum or nucleus accumbens, which contributes to its lack of reinforcing or euphoric properties.

Subjective effects

Atomoxetine does not produce traditional stimulant or euphoric effects and is not considered recreational. However, at therapeutic doses, it may produce the following effects:

  • Increased focus
  • Enhanced attention span
  • Reduced impulsivity
  • Emotional blunting (occasionally reported)
  • Subtle mood stabilization

Combinations

Template:Warningbox

  • SSRIs / SNRIs: May increase atomoxetine levels and the risk of Serotonin syndrome. This may include symptoms such as agitation, confusion, and cardiovascular abnormalities.
  • MAOIs: Contraindicated. Combining with monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause hypertensive crises. A 14-day washout period is required.
  • Cannabis / CBD: Cannabinoids may increase serum levels of atomoxetine, enhancing side effects like nausea, anxiety, and mood swings.
  • Amphetamines: Increases the risk of cardiac side effects, including arrhythmias, particularly in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular conditions or electrolyte imbalances.
  • Phenidates: Increases the risk of cardiac side effects, including arrhythmias, particularly in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular conditions or electrolyte imbalances.

Toxicity and harm potential

Atomoxetine is generally considered to have low toxicity when used as prescribed. However, it can produce adverse effects, especially in sensitive individuals.

Common adverse effects

  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Insomnia or drowsiness
  • Appetite suppression
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth

Serious risks

  • Suicidal ideation (particularly in adolescents)
  • Liver damage (rare)
  • Increased blood pressure or heart rate
  • Mood swings or aggression
  • Priapism

Close monitoring is recommended during the initial weeks of treatment, particularly in children and adolescents.

Tolerance, dependence and abuse potential

Atomoxetine does not produce tolerance, cravings, or physical dependence. It is not habit-forming and is not classified as a controlled substance in most jurisdictions.

  • United States: Prescription-only; not scheduled.
  • Canada: Prescription-only.
  • Australia: Prescription-only.
  • Brazil: Marketed as Atentah.
  • European Union: Prescription-only. Sold under various brand names including Strattera, Mylan, and Auroxetyn depending on the country.

See also

Retrieved from "http://psy.st/w/index.php?title=Talk:Atomoxetine&oldid=142977"