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'''3-Chloromethcathinone''' (also known as '''3-CMC''' or '''clophedrone''' <ref>WRZESIEŃ, W., STANASZEK, R., ZUBA, D., BYRSKA, B. (2018). Clandestine laboratory producing mephedrone (4-MMC) and Clephedrone (4-CMC) – substance, identification and hazard analysis, 40, 287-309. <nowiki>http://www.forensicscience.pl/pfs/115_Wrzesien_m.pdf</nowiki>.</ref>) is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It is the analogue of [[3-Chloromethamphetamine]] (3-CMA) and structurally closely related to the antidepressant and anti-addictive medication [[bupropion]]. The complete working has not been fully studied, however it is known to promote the release of [[dopamine]], [[noradrenaline]] and [[serotonin]] just like other [[Methcathinone]] substances.<ref>National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Bioassay Record for AID 1224711, Source: ChEMBL. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from <nowiki>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1224711</nowiki>.</ref> <ref>National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Bioassay Record for AID 1224713, Source: ChEMBL. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from <nowiki>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1224713</nowiki>.</ref>
'''3-Chloromethcathinone''' (also known as '''3-CMC''' or '''clophedrone''' <ref>WRZESIEŃ, W., STANASZEK, R., ZUBA, D., BYRSKA, B. (2018). Clandestine laboratory producing mephedrone (4-MMC) and Clephedrone (4-CMC) – substance, identification and hazard analysis, 40, 287-309. <nowiki>http://www.forensicscience.pl/pfs/115_Wrzesien_m.pdf</nowiki>.</ref>) is a novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]]-[[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It is the analogue of [[3-Chloromethamphetamine]] (3-CMA) and structurally closely related to the antidepressant and anti-addictive medication [[bupropion]]. The [[subjective effects]] are reported to be similar, but weaker, to those of 3-MMC. This mostly includes [[stimulation]], [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement|enhanced empathy and sociability]], [[muscle relaxation|relaxation]], [[increased libido]], and [[euphoria]]. It is also reported to be subject to [[compulsive redosing]] which can lead to [[psychosis]] and habitual use.
3-CMC has been sold online on the [[research chemical]] market as a [[designer drug]] since 2013 in mainly European countries<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Odoardi S, Romolo FS, Strano-Rossi S | title = A snapshot on NPS in Italy: Distribution of drugs in seized materials analysed in an Italian forensic laboratory in the period 2013-2015 | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 265 | pages = 116–20 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 26874736 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.037 }}</ref>. 3-CMC has been marketed as the legal successor of [[3-MMC]] in the Netherlands since its ban in october 2021 <ref>[https://www.tubantia.nl/enschede/tactus-verslavingszorg-is-bezorgd-want-de-verboden-partydrug-3-mmc-heeft-al-een-legale-opvolger-3-cmc~a3acd662/ ''Tactus Verslavingszorg is bezorgd, want de verboden partydrug 3-MMC heeft al een legale opvolger: 3-CMC'']</ref>.
==History and culture==
3-CMC has been sold online on the [[research chemical]] market as a [[designer drug]] since 2013 in mainly European countries<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Odoardi S, Romolo FS, Strano-Rossi S | title = A snapshot on NPS in Italy: Distribution of drugs in seized materials analyzed in an Italian forensic laboratory in the period 2013-2015 | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 265 | pages = 116–20 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 26874736 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.037 }}</ref>. 3-CMC has been marketed as the legal successor of [[3-MMC]] in the Netherlands since its ban in October 2021 <ref>[https://www.tubantia.nl/enschede/tactus-verslavingszorg-is-bezorgd-want-de-verboden-partydrug-3-mmc-heeft-al-een-legale-opvolger-3-cmc~a3acd662/ ''Tactus Verslavingszorg is bezorgd, want de verboden partydrug 3-MMC heeft al een legale opvolger: 3-CMC'']</ref>.
The [[subjective effects]] are reported to be similar, but weaker, to those of 3-MMC. This mostly includes [[stimulation]], [[anxiety suppression]], [[disinhibition]], [[empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement|enhanced empathy and sociability]], [[muscle relaxation|relaxation]], [[increased libido]], and [[euphoria]]. It is also reported to be subject to [[compulsive redosing]] which can lead to [[psychosis]] and habitual use.
==Pharmacology==
The pharmacology of 3-CMC has not been fully studied, however it is known to promote the release of [[dopamine]], [[noradrenaline]] and [[serotonin]] similar to other substituted methcathinones.<ref>National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Bioassay Record for AID 1224711, Source: ChEMBL. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from <nowiki>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1224711</nowiki>.</ref> <ref>National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Bioassay Record for AID 1224713, Source: ChEMBL. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from <nowiki>https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1224713</nowiki>.</ref>
Oral dosage is reported to produce a more euphoric experience with [[physical euphoria]] and [[cognitive euphoria]] where as insufflation produces more [[stimulation]] and [[compulsive redosing]] behaviour, oral dosing also seems to have the least side effects.
Since the related 4-CMC is a known neurotoxin and research shows that 3-CMC is neurotoxic in mice<ref>Wojcieszak, Jakub & Kuczyńska, Katarzyna & Zawilska, Jolanta. (2020). Four Synthetic Cathinones: 3-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone, and 4-Methoxy-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone Produce Changes in the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Motor Performance in Mice with Varied Profiles. Neurotoxicity Research. 38. 10.1007/s12640-020-00227-8.</ref>. It is highly advised to be avoided or use [[harm reduction practices]] if still planning on using this substance.
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
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|{{effects/physical|
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - The stimulation is heavily increased when combined with alcohol however this is not recommended for harm reduction. At higher doses the stimulation becomes less pronounced.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - The stimulation is heavily increased when combined with alcohol, however, this is not recommended due to its potential for harm. Paradoxically, the stimulation may be less pronounced at higher doses.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This is more present in heavy doses or with oral dosing.
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This is more likely to occur in higher doses, or when taken orally.
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - This is reported to be less pronounced with an oral ROA at low - medium doses.
}}
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - Similar to the [[physical euphoria]], this is more likely to occur in higher doses, or when taken orally.
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - Be careful if redosing this substance as it can lead to extreme cases of vasoconstriction.
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Decreased libido]]''' - Can also be present instead of it being increased.
*'''[[Effect::Decreased libido]]''' *'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Uncomfortable physical effects]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Uncomfortable physical effects]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Psychosis]]'''
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*'''[[Delusions]]'''
*'''[[Delusions]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Can cause severe anxiety coupled with delusional thoughts. However anxiety can be present without delusions!
**'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Can cause severe anxiety, especially if coupled with [[psychosis]] or repeated dosages.
3-CMC's isomer [[4-CMC]] is a known neurotoxin, and research shows that 3-CMC is neurotoxic in mice<ref>Wojcieszak, Jakub & Kuczyńska, Katarzyna & Zawilska, Jolanta. (2020). Four Synthetic Cathinones: 3-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone, and 4-Methoxy-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone Produce Changes in the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Motor Performance in Mice with Varied Profiles. Neurotoxicity Research. 38. 10.1007/s12640-020-00227-8.</ref>. If 3-CMC's mechanism of action is inherently neurotoxic then damage to human health may be incurred even at moderate recreational doses. Anecdotal reports mention highly concerning cardiovascular and neurological symptoms after frequent or high-dose use, which seems to confirm this suspicion.
It is strongly advised to avoid this substance completely. Use excessive [[harm reduction practices]] if planning on using this substance, and avoid redosing.
==Legal status==
{{LegalStub}}
While 3-CMC is not controlled under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, nor under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. it is subject to restrictive measures in 21 Member States of the European Union: Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Sweden.
*'''China''': Is considered a narcotic substance since 2015{{Citation needed}}
*'''France''': As a derivative of cathinone with a halogen substitution on the phenyl group, 3-CMC is scheduled as a "stupéfiant", i.e. a recognized drug of abuse. It is illegal to possess, buy, sell or manufacture.<ref>{{Citation | title=Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085/2020-11-20/}}</ref>
*'''The Netherlands''': Since 2023-09-12, 3-CMC is classified as a "List 1" drug which makes it illegal.<ref>https://www.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2023-289.html</ref>
Added legal status [[User:Bernkastel]] - needs to be conventionalized.
Latest revision as of 21:50, 9 December 2024
3-CMC has the potential to cause serious injury and death.
Ten deaths have been confirmed via biological samples from using this substance.[1] Six are from polydrug use (alcohol, opioids, synthetic cannabinoids and benzodiazepines). It is strongly discouraged to take higher doses of this substance or to insufflate (snort) it.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
3-CMC has been sold online on the research chemical market as a designer drug since 2013 in mainly European countries[3]. 3-CMC has been marketed as the legal successor of 3-MMC in the Netherlands since its ban in October 2021 [4].
Pharmacology
The pharmacology of 3-CMC has not been fully studied, however it is known to promote the release of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin similar to other substituted methcathinones.[5][6]
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - The stimulation is heavily increased when combined with alcohol, however, this is not recommended due to its potential for harm. Paradoxically, the stimulation may be less pronounced at higher doses.
Memory suppression - After a few doses, memory becomes impaired in fashion to the MDMA comedown, if more doses are ingested it can be hard to even remember what you are talking about mid sentence.
Confusion - This can be described as being "fried" and it can be hard to even form thoughts properly. This effect usually appears at higher dosage after the first or second peak has passed.
Low blood pressure - This effect is reported by some experience reports, the cathinone family's known vasoconstriction coupled with this can lead to numbness and pale face and hands.
Experience reports
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
3-CMC's isomer 4-CMC is a known neurotoxin, and research shows that 3-CMC is neurotoxic in mice[7]. If 3-CMC's mechanism of action is inherently neurotoxic then damage to human health may be incurred even at moderate recreational doses. Anecdotal reports mention highly concerning cardiovascular and neurological symptoms after frequent or high-dose use, which seems to confirm this suspicion.
It is strongly advised to avoid this substance completely. Use excessive harm reduction practices if planning on using this substance, and avoid redosing.
As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
While 3-CMC is not controlled under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, nor under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971. it is subject to restrictive measures in 21 Member States of the European Union: Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Sweden.
China: Is considered a narcotic substance since 2015[citation needed]
France: As a derivative of cathinone with a halogen substitution on the phenyl group, 3-CMC is scheduled as a "stupéfiant", i.e. a recognized drug of abuse. It is illegal to possess, buy, sell or manufacture.[8]
The Netherlands: Since 2023-09-12, 3-CMC is classified as a "List 1" drug which makes it illegal.[9]
↑WRZESIEŃ, W., STANASZEK, R., ZUBA, D., BYRSKA, B. (2018). Clandestine laboratory producing mephedrone (4-MMC) and Clephedrone (4-CMC) – substance, identification and hazard analysis, 40, 287-309. http://www.forensicscience.pl/pfs/115_Wrzesien_m.pdf.
↑Odoardi S, Romolo FS, Strano-Rossi S (August 2016). "A snapshot on NPS in Italy: Distribution of drugs in seized materials analyzed in an Italian forensic laboratory in the period 2013-2015". Forensic Science International. 265: 116–20. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.037. PMID26874736.
↑National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Bioassay Record for AID 1224711, Source: ChEMBL. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1224711.
↑National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Bioassay Record for AID 1224713, Source: ChEMBL. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1224713.
↑Wojcieszak, Jakub & Kuczyńska, Katarzyna & Zawilska, Jolanta. (2020). Four Synthetic Cathinones: 3-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone, and 4-Methoxy-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone Produce Changes in the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Motor Performance in Mice with Varied Profiles. Neurotoxicity Research. 38. 10.1007/s12640-020-00227-8.
