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{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=4-HO-DPT}}
 
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{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/4-HO-DPT}}
{{SubstanceBox/4-HO-DPT}}
{|
 
|-
'''4-HO-DPT''' (also known as '''4-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine''' and sometimes referred to as '''Procin''') is a [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. Alexander Shulgin first synthesized 4-HO-DPT and documented it in his book [[TiHKAL]] (''Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved''). It is the 4-hydroxyl analog of [[DPT]].<ref name="TiHKAL">{{cite book|title=TiHKAL: The Continuation|title-link=TiHKAL|last1=Shulgin|first1=Alexander|last2=Shulgin|first2=Ann|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|year=1997|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0-9630096-9-9|oclc=38503252|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal20.shtml|chapter=#20. 4-HO-DPT}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[4-HO-DPT/Summary|Summary sheet: 4-HO-DPT]]''
|}
'''4-HO-DPT''' (also known as '''4-hydroxy-dipropyltryptamine''') is a [[hallucinogen]]ic [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] drug of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class. Alexander Shulgin first synthesized 4-HO-DPT and documented it in his book [[TiHKAL]] (''Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved''). It is the 4-hydroxyl analog of [[DPT]].<ref>https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal20.shtml</ref>


Today it is either used recreationally or as an [[entheogen]]ic compound and is typically acquired through the use of online [[research chemical]] vendors. Due to the difficulty of its synthesis, it remains relatively uncommon even for a substituted tryptamine and has very little history of human usage.
Today it is either used recreationally or as an [[entheogen]]ic compound and is typically acquired through the use of online [[research chemical]] vendors. Due to the difficulty of its synthesis, it remains relatively uncommon even for a substituted tryptamine and has very little history of human usage.
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In comparison to other [[tryptamine]]s such as [[4-AcO-DMT]] and [[4-HO-DMT]], it is extremely similar in terms of its visual, cognitive and physical effects although it feels somewhat less natural and slightly more synthetic. It is also worth noting that it lacks the extremely uncomfortable physical side effects which are present within its close structural relative [[DPT]]. This allows it to feel far more similar to that of a generic or classical substituted tryptamine such as [[psilocin]].  
In comparison to other [[tryptamine]]s such as [[4-AcO-DMT]] and [[4-HO-DMT]], it is extremely similar in terms of its visual, cognitive and physical effects although it feels somewhat less natural and slightly more synthetic. It is also worth noting that it lacks the extremely uncomfortable physical side effects which are present within its close structural relative [[DPT]]. This allows it to feel far more similar to that of a generic or classical substituted tryptamine such as [[psilocin]].  
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]'''
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sublingual numbing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mouth numbing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]'''


===Cognitive effects===
}}
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought loops]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Laughter]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Language suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''


===Visual effects===
{{effects/visual|
====Enhancements====
====Enhancements====
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''


===[[Effect::Geometry]]===
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====


====Hallucinatory states====
====Hallucinatory states====
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
 
}}
 
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought loops]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Laughter]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Language suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''
 
}}


===Auditory effects===
{{effects/auditory|
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=4-HO-DPT}}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{|  
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
|-
| [[File:Lolol.png|17px]]''Main articles: [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential]]'' ''&'' ''[[Responsible use #Hallucinogens|Responsible use § Hallucinogens]]''
|}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4-HO-DPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because 4-HO-DPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychonaut community who have tried 4-HO-DPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4-HO-DPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because 4-HO-DPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychonaut community who have tried 4-HO-DPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  


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===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
4-HO-DPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most [[psychedelics]], it is most often thought to be self-regulating.  
4-HO-DPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]], and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most [[psychedelics]], it is most often thought to be self-regulating.  


Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-DPT are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-DPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-DPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-DPT is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-DPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-DPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.


==Legal issues==
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Psychedelics}}
 
==Legal status==
Due to its relative obscurity, 4-HO-DPT is unscheduled in most countries.  
Due to its relative obscurity, 4-HO-DPT is unscheduled in most countries.  


*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
*'''Germany''': 4-HO-DPT is controlled under the NpSG<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'') as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|language=de|issn=0341-1095}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__3.html|title=§ 3 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> The legislator considers it possible that orders of 4-HO-DPT are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/085/1808579.pdf|title=Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|page=20|date=May 30, 2016|id=Drucksache 18/8579|publisher=Deutscher Bundestag|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United States''' - 4-HO-DPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analog of [[psilocin]] (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale for human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analog Act.
*'''Sweden''': 4-HO-DPT is classified as a "dangerous substance"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2018/februari/tio-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/|title=Tio nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara|language=sv|publication-date=February 14, 2018|publisher=Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency of Sweden]|access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>, which means it requires a special permit to buy or sell. It is, however, not yet classified as a drug.
*'''Switzerland''': 4-HO-DPT is not controlled under Buchstabe A, B, C and D. It could be considered legal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 4-HO-DPT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=August 20, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
*'''United States''': 4-HO-DPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of [[psilocin]] (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale for human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Research chemical]]
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==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-HO-DPT 4-HO-DPT (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-HO-DPT 4-HO-DPT (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal20.shtml 4-HO-DPT (Erowid, TiHKAL)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=20 4-HO-DPT (TiHKAL / Isomer Design)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/430916-The-Big-amp-Dandy-4-HO-DPT-Thread 4-HO-DPT (Bluelight)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/430916-The-Big-amp-Dandy-4-HO-DPT-Thread 4-HO-DPT (Bluelight)]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
 
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
{{#set:Featured=true}}
{{#set:Featured=true}}

Latest revision as of 14:23, 2 July 2025

Summary sheet: 4-HO-DPT
4-HO-DPT
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 4-HO-DPT, Procin
Substitutive name 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine
Systematic name 3-[2-(dipropylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-ol
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Tryptamine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



Oral
Dosage
Threshold 20 mg
Light 40 - 60 mg
Common 60 - 90 mg
Strong 90 - 130 mg
Heavy 130 mg +
Duration
Total 5 - 8 hours
Onset 45 - 60 minutes
Come up 60 - 120 minutes
Peak 2 - 3 hours
Offset 1 - 2 hours



Insufflated
Dosage
Threshold 5 mg
Light 10 - 15 mg
Common 15 - 25 mg
Strong 25 - 35 mg
Heavy 35 mg +
Duration
Total 4 - 6 hours
Onset 15 - 45 minutes
Come up 30 - 45 minutes
Peak 1 - 3 hours
Offset 1 - 2 hours






DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions


4-HO-DPT (also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine and sometimes referred to as Procin) is a psychedelic substance of the tryptamine class. Alexander Shulgin first synthesized 4-HO-DPT and documented it in his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). It is the 4-hydroxyl analog of DPT.[1]

Today it is either used recreationally or as an entheogenic compound and is typically acquired through the use of online research chemical vendors. Due to the difficulty of its synthesis, it remains relatively uncommon even for a substituted tryptamine and has very little history of human usage.

Chemistry

4-HO-DPT, or 4-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine, is a synthetic indole molecule of the tryptamine class. Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R3 to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. 4-HO-DPT is substituted at R4 of its indole heterocycle with a hydroxyl functional group OH−. It also contains two propyl chains bound to the terminal amine RN of its tryptamine backbone (DPT).

4-HO-DPT is a 4-hydroxy analog of 4-AcO-DPT and the N-substituted dipropyl homolog of psilocin (4-HO-DMT).

Pharmacology

Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic

Like with most psychedelic tryptamines, 4-HO-DPT is thought to act principally as a 5-HT2A partial agonist. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from 4-HO-DPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

In comparison to other tryptamines such as 4-AcO-DMT and 4-HO-DMT, it is extremely similar in terms of its visual, cognitive and physical effects although it feels somewhat less natural and slightly more synthetic. It is also worth noting that it lacks the extremely uncomfortable physical side effects which are present within its close structural relative DPT. This allows it to feel far more similar to that of a generic or classical substituted tryptamine such as psilocin.


Experience reports

There are currently 0 experience reports describing the effects of this substance in our experience index. You can also submit your own experience report using the same link.

Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4-HO-DPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because 4-HO-DPT is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychonaut community who have tried 4-HO-DPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

4-HO-DPT is not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most psychedelics, it is most often thought to be self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-DPT is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-DPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-DPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

  • [[Wikipedia:Lithium_(medication)|DangerousInteraction::Lithium]] - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
  • "[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of 4-HO-DPT. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
  • "[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Stimulants like amphetamine, cocaine or methylphenidate affect many parts of the brain and alter dopaminergic function. This combination can increase the risk of anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and thought loops. This interaction may also result in an elevated risk of mania and psychosis.[citation needed]
  • "[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold[2] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.[citation needed]

Due to its relative obscurity, 4-HO-DPT is unscheduled in most countries.

  • Germany: 4-HO-DPT is controlled under the NpSG[3] (New Psychoactive Substances Act) as of July 18, 2019.[4] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.[5][6] The legislator considers it possible that orders of 4-HO-DPT are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.[7]
  • Sweden: 4-HO-DPT is classified as a "dangerous substance"[8], which means it requires a special permit to buy or sell. It is, however, not yet classified as a drug.
  • Switzerland: 4-HO-DPT is not controlled under Buchstabe A, B, C and D. It could be considered legal.[9]
  • United Kingdom: 4-HO-DPT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.[10]
  • United States: 4-HO-DPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of psilocin (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale for human consumption or could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. Shulgin, Alexander; Shulgin, Ann (1997). "#20. 4-HO-DPT". TiHKAL: The Continuation. United States: Transform Press. ISBN 0-9630096-9-9. OCLC 38503252. 
  2. Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN 1556-9039. 
  3. "Anlage NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  4. "Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27 (in Deutsch). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. July 17, 2019. pp. 1083–1094. ISSN 0341-1095. 
  5. "§ 4 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  6. "§ 3 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  7. "Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe" (PDF) (in Deutsch). Deutscher Bundestag. May 30, 2016. p. 20. Drucksache 18/8579. 
  8. "Tio nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" (in svenska). Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency of Sweden]. February 14, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2020. 
  9. "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in Deutsch). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  10. "Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs". "Misuse of Drugs Act 1971". UK Government. Retrieved August 20, 2020.