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>Unity
Created page with "{{Proofread}} {{SubstanceBox/4-HO-EPT}} {| |- |- | ''Summary sheet: 4-HO-EPT'' |} '''4-HO-EPT''' (also known as ''' 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine''..."
 
>David Hedlund
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=4-HO-EPT}}
 
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{{SubstanceBox/4-HO-EPT}}
{{SubstanceBox/4-HO-EPT}}
{|
|-
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| ''[[4-HO-EPT/Summary|Summary sheet: 4-HO-EPT]]''
|}
'''4-HO-EPT''' (also known as ''' 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine''') is a new and obscure [[hallucinogen]]ic [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] drug of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class.


It is either used recreationally or as [[entheogen]]ic compound and is typically acquired through the use of online [[research chemical]] vendors on which it first appeared as recently as mid 2016.  
''' 4-Hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine''' (also known as '''4-HO-EPT''' or '''Eprocin''') is a novel synthetic [[psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] chemical class that produces [[psychedelic]] effects when [[route of administration|administered]]. It is structurally related to [[psilocin]] ('''4-HO-DMT'''), the active component in [[psilocybin mushrooms]], and produces similar effects.
 
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-HO-EPT. It has no history of human use before being sold online as a [[research chemical]] in 2016.{{citation needed}} It remains obscure and is either used recreationally or for research purposes.
 
Unlike other more popular 4-subbed tryptamines, '''Eprocin''' isn't really visual, it mostly enhances colors and makes them more "neon-ish". It has a strong euphoric body high (some users compare it to opiate body feelings). Mindset is usually light and positive.


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
4-HO-EPT, or 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine, is a synthetic indole molecule of the [[tryptamine]] class. Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicylic indole heterocycle attached at R<sub>3</sub> to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. 4-HO-EPT is substituted at R<sub>4</sub> of its indole heterocycle with a hydroxyl functional group OH−. It also contains a propyl and ethyl chain bound to the terminal amine R<sub>N</sub> of its tryptamine backbone ([[EPT]]).
4-HO-EPT, or 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine, is a synthetic indole molecule of the [[tryptamine]] class. Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R<sub>3</sub> to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. 4-HO-EPT is substituted at R<sub>4</sub> of its indole heterocycle with a hydroxyl functional group OH−. It also contains a propyl and ethyl chain bound to the terminal amine R<sub>N</sub> of its tryptamine backbone ([[EPT]]).


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Main|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
Like with most [[psychedelic]] tryptamines, 4-HO-EPT is thought to act principally as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from 4-HO-EPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.
Like with most [[psychedelic]] tryptamines, 4-HO-EPT is thought to act principally as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from 4-HO-EPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{EffectStub}}
{{effectStub}}
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]'''
 
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous physical sensations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sublingual numbing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle relaxation]]'''


===Cognitive effects===
}}
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]'''
{{effects/visual|
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought loops]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Laughter]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Language suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]'''
 
===Visual effects===
====Enhancements====
====Enhancements====
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Pattern recognition enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity enhancement]]'''
====Suppressions====
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]'''


====Distortions====
====Distortions====
Line 71: Line 43:
*'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Diffraction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Diffraction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
 
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====


====Hallucinatory states====
====Hallucinatory states====
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
 
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Delusion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Emotion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory suppression]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Ego death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Novelty enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Personal bias suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought loops]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''


===Auditory effects===
}}
{{effects/auditory|
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement|Enhancements]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion|Distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory hallucinations|Hallucinations]]'''
}}
{{effects/transpersonal|
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
{{Experience reports|erowid_experience_substance_label=4-HO-EPT}}


==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{|  
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
|-
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4-HO-EPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because 4-HO-EPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.  
| [[File:Lolol.png|17px]]''Main articles: [[Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential]]'' ''&'' ''[[Responsible use #Hallucinogens|Responsible use § Hallucinogens]]''
|}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4-HO-EPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because 4-HO-EPT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychonaut community who have tried 4-HO-EPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  


It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
Anecdotal evidence from people within the community who have tried 4-HO-EPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the it by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
 
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.


===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
4-HO-EPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most [[psychedelics]] it is most often thought to be self-regulating.  
4-HO-EPT is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]], and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most [[psychedelics]], it is most often thought to be self-regulating.  


Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-EPT are built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-EPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-EPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-EPT is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-EPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-EPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.


==Legal issues==
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Psychedelics}}
 
==Legal status==
{{legalStub}}
Due to its relative obscurity, the possession and sale of 4-HO-EPT is unscheduled in most countries.  
Due to its relative obscurity, the possession and sale of 4-HO-EPT is unscheduled in most countries.  


*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
*'''Germany''': 4-HO-EPT is controlled under the NpSG<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'') as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|language=de|issn=0341-1095}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__3.html|title=§ 3 NpSG|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> The legislator considers it possible that orders of 4-HO-EPT are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/085/1808579.pdf|title=Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|page=20|date=May 30, 2016|id=Drucksache 18/8579|publisher=Deutscher Bundestag|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United States''' - 4-HO-EPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analog of [[psilocin]] (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or industrial intents and purposes could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analog Act.
*'''Switzerland''': 4-HO-EPT is not controlled under Buchstabe A, B, C and D. It could be considered legal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': 4-HO-EPT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=August 20, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
*'''United States''': 4-HO-EPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of [[psilocin]] (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or industrial intents and purposes could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Research chemical]]
Line 109: Line 115:


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-HO-EPT 4-HO-EPT (Wikipedia)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/explore.php?id=5770 4-HO-EPT (Isomer Design)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/805165-The-Small-amp-Handy-4-HO-EPT-Thread 4-HO-EPT (Bluelight)]
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/805165-The-Small-amp-Handy-4-HO-EPT-Thread 4-HO-EPT (Bluelight)]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />
 
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Hallucinogen]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Psychedelic]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Tryptamine]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Research chemical]]
 
{{#set:Featured=true}}
{{#set:Featured=true}}

Latest revision as of 14:24, 2 July 2025

Summary sheet: 4-HO-EPT
4-HO-EPT
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 4-HO-EPT, Eprocin
Substitutive name 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine
Systematic name 3-[2-(Ethylpropylamino)ethyl]-4-indolol
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Tryptamine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



Oral
Dosage
Light 15 - 20 mg
Common 30 - 40 mg
Strong 40 - 60 mg
Duration
Total 3 - 7 hours
Onset 30 - 60 minutes
Peak 1 - 2 hours
Offset 1 - 2 hours









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions


4-Hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-propyltryptamine (also known as 4-HO-EPT or Eprocin) is a novel synthetic psychedelic substance of the tryptamine chemical class that produces psychedelic effects when administered. It is structurally related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT), the active component in psilocybin mushrooms, and produces similar effects.

Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-HO-EPT. It has no history of human use before being sold online as a research chemical in 2016.[citation needed] It remains obscure and is either used recreationally or for research purposes.

Unlike other more popular 4-subbed tryptamines, Eprocin isn't really visual, it mostly enhances colors and makes them more "neon-ish". It has a strong euphoric body high (some users compare it to opiate body feelings). Mindset is usually light and positive.

Chemistry

4-HO-EPT, or 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine, is a synthetic indole molecule of the tryptamine class. Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R3 to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. 4-HO-EPT is substituted at R4 of its indole heterocycle with a hydroxyl functional group OH−. It also contains a propyl and ethyl chain bound to the terminal amine RN of its tryptamine backbone (EPT).

Pharmacology

Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic

Like with most psychedelic tryptamines, 4-HO-EPT is thought to act principally as a 5-HT2A partial agonist. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from 4-HO-EPT's binding efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

This subjective effects section is a stub.

As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information.

You can help by expanding or correcting it.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.


Experience reports

There are currently 0 experience reports describing the effects of this substance in our experience index. You can also submit your own experience report using the same link.

Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 4-HO-EPT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because 4-HO-EPT is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.

Anecdotal evidence from people within the community who have tried 4-HO-EPT suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the it by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance and addiction potential

4-HO-EPT is not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can actually decrease with regular consumption. Like with most psychedelics, it is most often thought to be self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of 4-HO-EPT is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 4-HO-EPT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of 4-HO-EPT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

  • [[Wikipedia:Lithium_(medication)|DangerousInteraction::Lithium]] - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
  • "[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of 4-HO-EPT. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
  • "[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Stimulants like amphetamine, cocaine or methylphenidate affect many parts of the brain and alter dopaminergic function. This combination can increase the risk of anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and thought loops. This interaction may also result in an elevated risk of mania and psychosis.[citation needed]
  • "[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold[1] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.[citation needed]

This legality section is a stub.

As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

Due to its relative obscurity, the possession and sale of 4-HO-EPT is unscheduled in most countries.

  • Germany: 4-HO-EPT is controlled under the NpSG[2] (New Psychoactive Substances Act) as of July 18, 2019.[3] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person, placing it on the market and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not punishable.[4][5] The legislator considers it possible that orders of 4-HO-EPT are punishable as an incitement to place it on the market.[6]
  • Switzerland: 4-HO-EPT is not controlled under Buchstabe A, B, C and D. It could be considered legal.[7]
  • United Kingdom: 4-HO-EPT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.[8]
  • United States: 4-HO-EPT is unscheduled in the United States. It may be considered an analogue of psilocin (which is a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act). As such, the sale for human consumption or the use for illicit non-medical or industrial intents and purposes could be prosecuted as crimes under the Federal Analogue Act.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN 1556-9039. 
  2. "Anlage NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  3. "Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27 (in Deutsch). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. July 17, 2019. pp. 1083–1094. ISSN 0341-1095. 
  4. "§ 4 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  5. "§ 3 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 
  6. "Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung: Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe" (PDF) (in Deutsch). Deutscher Bundestag. May 30, 2016. p. 20. Drucksache 18/8579. 
  7. "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in Deutsch). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  8. "Schedule 2: Part I: Class A Drugs". "Misuse of Drugs Act 1971". UK Government. Retrieved August 20, 2020.