This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
(399 intermediate revisions by 42 users not shown)
Line 1:
Line 1:
{{Substance
{{SummarySheet}}
|name=LSA
{{SubstanceBox/LSA}}
|abbreviation=
|img-skel=File:lsa.png
'''Lysergic acid amide''' (also known as '''ergine''', '''d-lysergic acid amide''', '''d-lysergamide''', and '''LSA''') is a [[naturally-occurring]] [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::lysergamide]] class.
|img-3d=File:LSA.gif
LSA is an ergot [[alkaloid]] and the main psychoactive constituent of [[morning glory]] seeds.{{citation needed}}
LSA is chemically related to [[LSD]] and is said to produce similar effects, although the extent to which it does is unclear.
|dosage-method=
|dosage-threshold=
LSA was first described in 1932 as part of an investigation into the alkaloids found in ergot.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Sydney|last2=Timmis|first2=Geoffrey M.|title=The alkaloids of ergot. Part III. Ergine, a new base obtained by the degradation of ergotoxine and ergotinine|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed)|year=1932|issue=98|edition=1932|pages=763-766|doi=10.1039/JR9320000763}}</ref> In 1947, it was synthesized and tested for human activity by [[Albert Hofmann]]. The [[intramuscular]] administration of a 500 microgram dose produced a "tired, dreamy state with an inability to maintain clear thoughts."<ref name="TiKHAL">{{cite book|title=TiHKAL: The Continuation|title-link=TiHKAL|last1=Shulgin|first1=Alexander|last2=Shulgin|first2=Ann|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|year=1997|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0-9630096-9-9|oclc=38503252|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal26.shtml|chapter=#26. LSD-25}}</ref>
|dosage-light=
In 1970, LSA was detected as a constituent in Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds, which were being ground up into capsules and sold on the street as "mescaline".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Michael D.|title=Isolation and Identification of Lysergic Acid Amide and Isolysergic Acid Amide as the Principal Ergoline Alkaloids in ''Argyreia nervosa'', a Tropical Wood Rose|journal=Journal of the AOAC|year=1970|volume=53|issue=1|pages=123-128|issn=1060-3271|url=https://chemistry.mdma.ch/hiveboard/rhodium/pdf/forensic/lsa.hbwr.jaoac.pdf}}</ref> Today, LSA is typically consumed via [[LSA#Morning_glory_seeds_.28MGS.29|morning glory]] and [[LSA#Hawaiian_baby_woodrose_seeds_.28HBWR.29|Hawaiian baby woodrose]] seeds.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Borsutzky|first1=M.|last2=Passie|first2=T.|last3=Paetzold|first3=W.|last4=Schneider|first4=U.|title=Hawaiian baby woodrose: (Psycho-) Pharmacological effects of the seeds of Argyreia nervosa. A case-orientated demonstration|journal=Der Nervenarzt|issn=0028-2804|doi=10.1007/s00115-002-1374-4|pmid=12215884|year=2002|volume=73|issue=9|pages=892-896}}</ref>
|dosage-common=
|dosage-strong=
|dosage-heavy=
|duration-method=
|duration-total=5 - 10 hrs
|duration-onset=20 - 40 mins
|duration-coming-up=20 mins - 3 hrs
|duration-peak=2 - 7 hrs
|duration-coming-down=1 - 2 hrs
|duration-after-effects=0 - 3 hrs
}}
'''LSA''', also known as '''Ergine''', '''d-lysergic acid amide''' and '''d-lysergamide''', is a naturally occurring [[psychedelics|psychedelic]] alkaloid of the [[lysergamides|lysergamide]] family that occurs in many plants such as [[LSA#Morning glory seeds|Morning glory seeds]], [[LSA#Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds|Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds]] and some species of fungi.
User reports describe the effects of LSA as primarily sedating and dream-like, with a mild to moderate psychedelic component. The psychedelic effects of LSA occur inconsistently and are not directly comparable to the effects of classical psychedelics like [[LSD]], [[psilocybin mushrooms]], or [[mescaline]]. LSA is described as primarily bodily and cognitive with little visual effects. Many users report serious [[nausea]] and bodily discomfort ("body load") when taking LSA-containing seeds.
LSA was assayed for human activity by [[Albert Hofmann]] in self-trials in 1947 (well before it was known to be a natural compound). Intramuscular administration of a 500 microgram dose led to a tired, dreamy state with an inability to maintain clear thoughts. After a short period of sleep, the effects were gone and normal baseline was recovered within five hours.<ref>#26. LSD-25 (LA-111, ergine, d-lysergamide) - TIHKAL | http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal26.shtml</ref> This suggests that the theory of LSA being the main psychedelic compound within morning glory seeds and Hawaiian baby woodrose is debatable as anecdotal reports suggest that the effects of synthetic LSA and iso-LSA are only slightly psychedelic in their effects and may well be triggered by a mixture of various [[Lysergamides|lysergamides]] instead of one specific compound.
Like other [[psychedelics]], LSA is not considered to be addictive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lüscher|first1=Christian|last2=Ungless|first2=Mark A.|title=The Mechanistic Classification of Addictive Drugs|year=2006|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=3|issue=11|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030437|pmid=17105338|issn=1549-1277}}</ref> However, adverse reactions such as severe [[anxiety]], [[paranoia]], and [[psychosis]] are always possible, particularly among those who are predisposed to psychiatric disorders.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Strassmann|first=Rick|title=Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the literature|journal=Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease|volume=172|issue=10|pages=577–595|doi=10.1097/00005053-198410000-00001|pmid=6384428|year=1984|issn=0022-3018|oclc=1754691}}</ref> It is therefore highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
LSA, or lysergic acid amide, is an alkaloid of the lysergamide family. [[Lysergamides]] are distinct from both [[tryptamines]] and [[phenethylamines]], although the chemical structure is more similar to [[tryptamine]] then phenethylamine.
LSA, or d-lysergic acid amide, is an organic [[alkaloid]] belonging to the [[lysergamide]] class. The chemical structure of LSA contains a core structure of lysergic acid with an amine functional group bound to R<sub>N</sub>. The structure of lysergic acid is composed of a bicyclic hexahydroindole fused to a bicyclic quinoline group (lysergic acid). At carbon 8 of the quinoline, an acetamide group is bound. LSA is additionally substituted at carbon 6 with a methyl group.
LSA is a chiral compound with two stereocenters at R<sub>5</sub> and R<sub>8</sub>. LSA, also called (+)-D-LSA, has an absolute configuration of (5''R'', 8''R''). The three other stereoisomers of LSA do not have psychoactive properties. LSA is structurally analogous to [[LSD]], with the exception being that LSA lacks the diethyl substitution of LSD at R<sub>N</sub> of its carboxamide group. It can be used as a precursor to LSD.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
LSA acts as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>1A</sub>]], [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]], [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>2B</sub>]], [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>2C</sub>]], [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>5</sub>]] and [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>6</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]; the psychedelic effects are believed to come from LSA's efficacy at the [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] receptors.<ref>COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE SEROTONIN ANTAGONISM OF AMIDE DERIVATIVES OF LYSERGIC ACID AND OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS | http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/122/1/124.short</ref> There is also efficacy at all [[Dopamine#The Dopamine System|dopamine receptors]] and all [[Adrenaline#The_Adrenergic_System|adrenoreceptors]]. <ref>http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/12/4/631.short</ref>
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
LSA's [[psychedelic]] effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor]] as a [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the [[psychedelic]] experience remains the subject of scientific investigation.
The notion that LSA is the primary [[psychedelic]] constituent in morning glory and Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds has been challenged as the effects of isolated synthetic LSA are reported to be only slightly psychedelic in nature. Therefore, it has been proposed that the overall experience may possibly be produced by a mixture of various [[Lysergamides|lysergamide]] [[alkaloids]] (including iso-LSA and [[LSH]]) within these plant materials instead of a single psychoactive compound.
The physical effects of LSA can be broken down into five components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - LSA is predominantly sedating; however, this can be setting dependent. For example, when taken in settings with large amounts of stimuli or during physically strenuous activities such as walking, running, climbing or dancing, LSA is capable of becoming stimulating and energetic. In contrast, when taken in calm environments such as darkened rooms with comfortable seating, it tends to be relaxing, sedating.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of LSA can be described as a mild yet pleasurable and soft tingling sensation. This is largely noticed in high doses and is accompanied by strong waves of [[physical euphoria]] which are usually manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the trip but can also maintain a consistent presence. Compared to [[LSD]], the physical effects of [[LSA]] tend to predominate the experience relative to its visual and cognitive effects.
**'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily heaviness]]'''
**'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - This effect is reported to be more readily able to be produced by LSA than [[LSD]]. However, it can be masked by strong, uncomfortable feelings of nausea and vasoconstriction, particularly when LSA-containing seeds are consumed directly before any extraction has been performed.
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]''' - This effect becomes far more present at high doses than lower doses. It can be compared to the loss of motor control experienced with [[alcohol]]-induced inebriation and is strengthened by the [[perception of bodily heaviness]].
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - The nauseating effects of LSA is thought to be mostly caused by the other components of the seeds (e.g. morning glory, Hawaiian baby woodrose, etc.) and not LSA itself. Various extraction methods can be used to significantly reduce if not eliminate the nausea that can be produced by this substance. Anecdotal reports also suggest that ginger tea or cannabis may be helpful in counteracting nausea.
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]'''{{citation needed}} - LSA is commonly reported to produce strong and pronounced feelings of vasoconstriction. This varies in its intensity between individuals but is often considered moderately to extremely uncomfortable in comparison to other [[psychedelics]]. This effect is commonly reported to cause joint and limb pains.
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]''' or '''[[Effect::Decreased blood pressure]]'''{{citation needed}} - LSA has been reported as being capable of producing both an increase and a decrease in blood pressure, sometimes alternating at different points in the experience, such as during the [[come up]] or [[offset]], although it is unclear how much of this is dependent on the seeds and variations in [[alkaloid]] contents.
The visual effects of LSA are mostly present when large doses have been consumed. When compared to [[LSD]] and [[psilocin]], the visual effects of LSA are proportionally mild in comparison to the intensity of its accompanying cognitive and physical effects.
The visual distortions and alterations are significantly more simplistic than open eye distortions found with other [[psychedelics]]. The effects experienced are detailed below:
*'''[[Effect::Depth perception distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]], [[Drifting#Morphing|morphing]] and [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as mild but highly detailed and cartoon-like in appearance. The distortions are fast yet smooth in motion and fleeting in permanence. This is an inconsistently manifested effect with some people never reporting such effects.
*'''[[Effect::Colour shifting]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
The visual geometry produced by LSA can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[4-AcO-DMT]] and [[ayahuasca]] than [[LSD]] or [[2C-B]]. It can be described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as primarily intricate in complexity, abstract in form, organic in appearance, unstructured in organization, dimly lit, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in edges, small in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, rounded in corners, non-immersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher doses, it is significantly more likely to produce [[Effect::8B geometry]] over [[8A geometry]].
====Hallucinatory states====
LSA is capable of consistently producing a full range of high-level hallucinatory states when it is taken in large doses. However, the doses required to achieve these states are likely to produce very uncomfortable, and potentially dangerous, side effects. These states include:
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]''' - These are extremely common within LSA and partially follow the content of the user's current thought process.
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - Unlike [[LSD]], LSA consistently produces moderate to high level hallucinatory states in high doses. This particular effect can be compared to a [[Lucid Dreaming|lucid dream]] state. The hallucinations are more common within dark environments and can be comprehensively described through their [[Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, controllable and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - This effect occurs far more rarely and infrequently than with other hallucinogens. However, they can occasionally occur at heavier dosages. They can be described through their [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, autonomous in controllability, and solid in style.
*'''[[Effect::Peripheral information misinterpretation]]'''
}}
*'''[[Physical effects: Spontaneous tactile sensations|Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - the body high of LSA can be described as a mild yet pleasurable, soft tingling sensation. This is largely noticed in high doses and is accompanied by strong waves of [[Physical effects: Euphoria|physical euphoria]] which are usually manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the trip but can also maintain a consistent presence. In either case, they steadily rise with the onset and hit their limit once the peak has been reached.
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Physical effects: Sedation|Sedation]]''' - in terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the tripper, LSA tends to be sedating, however, it can be setting dependent. For example, when taken in settings with large amounts of stimulus or during physically strenuous activities such as walking, running, climbing or dancing it is fully capable of becoming stimulating and energetic. In contrast, however, when taken in calm environments such as darkened rooms with comfortable seating it is consistently relaxing, peaceful and quite sedating.
The cognitive effects of LSA are described by many as extremely relaxing yet lucid and clear-headed in style when compared to other commonly used psychedelics such as [[LSD]] or [[psilocin]]. Although it is primarily sedating, it can produce fast-paced bursts of thought and stimulation at random intervals.
The head space of LSA is described by many as extremely relaxing yet lucid and clear headed in its style when compared to other commonly used psychedelics such as [[LSD]] or [[Psilocin]]. Although it is primarily sedating, it is accompanied by fast paced bursts of thought.
LSA contains a large number of psychedelic cognitive effects. The most prominent of these typical effects include:
LSA produces a large number of [[psychedelic]] cognitive effects. The most prominent of these typical effects include:
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Connectivity of thought|Connectivity of thought]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is [[Effect::introspection]] dominant.
The visual effects of LSA are mostly present when large doses have been consumed and proportionally mild in comparison to the intensity of its accompanying cognitive and physical effects when compared to substances such as [[LSD]] and [[psilocin]].
As for visual distortions and alterations, these are significantly more simplistic from that of open eye distortions found with other psychedelics. Effects experienced are detailed below:
*'''[[Effect::Auditory distortion]]'''
*'''[[Visual effects: Drifting|Drifting]]''' ''([[Visual effects - Psychedelics#Melting|Melting]], [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#Flowing|Flowing]], [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#Breathing|Breathing]] and [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#morphing|morphing]])'' - in comparison to other psychedelics this effect can be described as mild but highly detailed yet cartoon like in appearance. They are fast yet smooth in motion and fleeting in their permanence. This is an inconsistently manifested effect with some never reporting such effects.
The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[Psilocetin|4-AcO-DMT]], [[Ayahuasca]] and [[2C-E]] than [[LSD]] or [[2C-B]]. They can be comprehensively described as structured in their organization, organic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, zoomed out and small in size, fast and smooth in motion, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, blurred in their edges and rounded in their corners. They have a much more "natural" feel to them than [[LSD]] and at higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#7B - Exposure to inner mechanics of human consciousness|Level 7B]] visual geometry over [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#7A - Exposure to entirety of neurological structure|Level 7A]].
LSA produces a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is very consistent when taken in large doses. The effects of such states include,
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]''' - This effect is less common and reproducible than it is with classical psychedelics like [[LSD]], [[psilocybin mushrooms]], and [[mescaline]].
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]
*'''[[Visual effects: External hallucinations (psychedelic)|External hallucinations]]''' - these are extremely common within LSA and partially follow the content of the user's current thought process.
*'''[[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations (psychedelic)|Internal hallucinations]]''' - unlike [[LSD]], LSA consistently produces moderate to high level hallucinatory states in high doses. This particular effect can be compared to a [[Portal:Lucid Dreaming|lucid dream]] state and commonly contains hallucinations with plots, settings, autonomous entity contact and scenarios. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively religious, spiritual, mystical or transcendental nature in their overall theme. These hallucinations are complemented by a powerful enhancement of the ability to visualize concepts. This ability eventually becomes so drawn out proportional to dosage that it leads to full blown hallucinatory states that are entirely lucid and for the most part controllable.
}}
}}
===Combination effects===
*'''[[Cannabis]]''' - Cannabis can immensely intensify the sensory and cognitive effects of LSA. Extreme caution is advised when mixing these substances as it can significantly increase the chances of a negative psychological reaction like [[anxiety]], [[confusion]] and [[psychosis]]. Those who use this combination are advised to start off with only a fraction of their usual cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits in order to avoid a negative reaction.
*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - Dissociatives greatly enhance the cognitive, visuals and general hallucinatory effects of LSA. Dissociative-induced [[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|holes, spaces, and voids]] while under the influence of LSA have significantly more vivid visuals than dissociatives alone, as well as more intense [[internal hallucinations]] and correspondingly increased risk of [[confusion]], [[delusions]] and [[psychosis]].
*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - Alcohol's central depressant effects can be used to reduce some of the anxiety and tension produced by LSA. However, alcohol can cause [[dehydration]], [[nausea]] and [[physical fatigue]] which can significantly worsen the experience. If using alcohol, it is advised to pace oneself and drink just a fraction of the usual amount.
*'''[[Benzodiazepines]]''' - Depending on the dose, benzodiazepines can slightly to completely reduce the intensity of the cognitive, physical and visual effects of an LSA trip. They are very efficient at stopping [[bad trip|"bad trips"]] at the cost of amnesia and reduced trip intensity. Caution is advised when acquiring them for this purpose as they are very easy to abuse.
*'''[[Psychedelics]]''' - When used in combination with other psychedelics, each substance's physical, cognitive and visual effects intensify and synergize strongly. The synergy between those substances is unpredictable, and for this reason generally not advised. If choosing to combine psychedelics, it is recommended to start with significantly lower dosages than one would take for either substance individually.
===Experience reports===
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
Although LSA is illegal in some countries, various seeds which contain it are readily available in many gardening stores. However, the seeds from commercial sources are often coated in some form of seed treatment or fungicide which can result in extreme nausea, bodily discomfort, or (in the case of organomercury compounds) long-term neurological damage and cognitive impairment if ingested. Methods for cleaning or de-coating the seeds are available, but are typically ineffective (organomercury compounds penetrate the entire seed). Therefore it is important to only purchase untreated seeds from reliable, trusted vendors. Heavy metal testing kits can be purchased online to test seed extracts for mercury content prior to ingestion.
The seeds of many species of morning glory are known to contain [[lysergamide]] [[alkaloids]] such as LSA.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ingram Jr.|first1=Albert L.|title=Morning Glory Seed Reaction|year=1964|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1964.03070260045019|volume=190|issue=13|pages=1133–1134}}</ref> Typical oral doses of morning glory seeds are as follows:
Hawaiian baby woodrose is a perennial climbing vine that is native to the Indian subcontinent and has since been introduced to numerous areas worldwide including Hawaii, Africa and the Caribbean. Its seeds may be consumed for their various [[lysergamide|lysergamide alkaloids]] such as LSA.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Klinke|first1=Helene B.|last2=Müller|last3=Steffenrud|first3=S.|last4=Dahl-Sørensen|first4=R.|title=Two cases of lysergamide intoxication by ingestion of seeds from Hawaiian Baby Woodrose|year=2010|journal=Forensic Science International|volume=197|issue=1–3|pages=e1-e5|issn=0379-0738|doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.11.017}}</ref> Typical oral doses for Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds are as follows:
*'''Light:''' ''[[Sublingual min light dose::3]] - [[Sublingual max light dose::5]] seeds''
*'''Common:''' ''[[Sublingual min common dose::5]] - [[Sublingual max common dose::7]] seeds''
*'''Strong:''' ''[[Sublingual min strong dose::7]] - [[Sublingual max strong dose::12]] seeds''
*'''Heavy:''' ''[[Sublingual heavy dose::12]] seeds +''
===Preparation methods===
LSA containing seeds can be prepared using a number of methods. Some of these methods are listed in our [[tutorial index]] and include:
*[[Simple LSA extraction]]
*[[Tincture of extracted LSA]]
*[[Low dose LSA Cold Water Extraction (CWE)]]
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
{{Further|Responsible use#Hallucinogens}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational LSA use have not been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]].
Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying LSA by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
LSA should not be used nonstop. When used repeatedly over a short period of time the vasoconstriction effects build up while the psychoactive effects get weaker. If you’re feeling sore legs, this is a sign of the vasoconstriction effects building up in your body.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11128853</ref> The legs feel sore because not enough blood is getting to the muscles. The upper leg muscles are the largest, most energy consuming muscles in the body, and they will feel sore if blood flow to them is lowered even slightly. If you’ve taken HBWR seeds, morning glory seeds or pure LSA and are experiencing sore legs a well needed break is completely necessary. With LSA it can take up to 3 days of abstinence to get back to vasoconstriction baseline. <ref>http://animalsci.highwire.org/content/84/11/3167.short</ref>
LSA should not be used regularly for long periods of time. When used repeatedly over a short period of time, LSA's [[vasoconstriction|vasoconstrictive]] effects build up while the psychoactive effects get weaker. A common sign of vasoconstriction build up can be described as a feeling of painful or uncomfortable legs.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iemitsu|first1=M.|last2=Itoh|first2=M.|last3=Fujimoto|first3=T.|last4=Tashiro|first4=M.|last5=Nagatomi|first5=R.|last6=Ohmori|first6=H.|last7=Ishii|first7=K.|journal=Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise|year=2000|title=Whole-body energy mapping under physical exercise using positron emission tomography|volume=32|issue=12|pages=2067-2070|issn=0195-9131|pmid=11128853|doi=10.1097/00005768-200012000-00016}}</ref> This happens as a result of an insufficient amount of blood getting to the muscles. The upper leg muscles are the largest, most energy consuming muscles in the body and will feel sore if blood flow to them is lowered even slightly.
===Lethal Dosage===
When HBWR, morning glory seeds or pure LSA seeds are consumed and sore legs are experienced, a break has been reported to be helpful. With LSA it can take up to 3 days of abstinence to get back to vasoconstriction baseline.
The LD<sub>50</sub> of LSA for human beings has never been reached in any setting, but is thought to be incredibly high, similar to [[LSD]]. There are not any known deaths associated directly with pharmacological causes of LSA, but rather due to self-harm, impaired judgement, and drug interactions. One known case involves suicide after ingestion of Morning Glory seeds.<ref>SUICIDE FOLLOWING MORNING GLORY SEED INGESTION | http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=149522</ref> Another instance is a death due to falling off of a building after ingestion of Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds and ethanol as well as the subsequent usage of cannabis.<ref>Two cases of lysergamide intoxication by ingestion of seeds from Hawaiian Baby Woodrose | http://www.fsijournal.org/article/PIIS0379073809004745</ref>
===Tolerance and Addiction Potential===
===Dependence and abuse potential===
LSA tolerance lasts for approximately a week, meaning that it is very difficult to form an addiction to this substance.
LSA is considered to be [[Addiction potential::non-addictive with a low abuse potential]]. There are no literature reports of successful attempts to train animals to self-administer LSA, an animal model predictive of abuse liability, indicating that it does not possess the necessary pharmacology to either initiate or maintain dependence.{{citation needed}} There is virtually no withdrawal syndrome when use is stopped.
=Natural plant sources=
Tolerance to the effects of LSA forms [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to zero tolerance::7 days]] for the tolerance to return to baseline (in the absence of further consumption). LSA produces cross-tolerance with all [[psychedelic]]s, meaning that after the use of LSA all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
The seeds of many species of morning glory contain [[lysergamides|lysergamide]] [[alkaloid]]s such as the [[psychedelics|psychedelic]] known as LSA.<ref>http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1165951</ref> Though the chemical LSA is not legal in some countries, the seeds are found in many gardening stores; however, it's worth noting that the seeds from commercial sources are often coated in some form of pesticide or methylmercury which can result in extreme nausea if ingested. Seeds without these pesticides can be purchased cheaply online and are freely available through search engines such as Google.
When using morning glory seeds the dosage for oral consumption is generally considered to be:
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Psychedelics}}
*'''Light :''' ''50 - 100 seeds / 1.5 - 3 g''
===Other interactions===
*'''Common :''' ''100 - 250 seeds / 3 - 6 g''
*'''Strong :''' ''250 - 400 seeds / 6 - 10 g''
*'''Heavy :''' ''400 + seeds / 10 + g''
===Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds===
*'''[[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] (SSRIs)''' - SSRIs are reported to suppress the visual and cognitive effects of LSA.
*'''[[MAOIs]]''' - MAO inhibitors, such as passionflower and [[syrian rue]] potentiate the visual and introspective effects of psychedelics. It is advised to take caution when combining [[MAOI]]s with psychedelics because they can increase the chance of having a [[bad trip]] and may [[MAOI#Interactions|dangerously interact]] with other substances, such as [[SSRIs]] and [[stimulants]], as well as some psychedelics such as [[MDA]].
Hawaiian baby woodrose is a perennial climbing vine that is native to the Indian subcontinent and introduced to numerous areas worldwide, including Hawaii, Africa and the Caribbean. Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds may be consumed for their various [[lysergamides|lysergamide]] alkaloids, such as LSA.<ref>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073809004745</ref> Although the chemical LSA is not legal in some countries, the seeds are found in many gardening stores; however, the seeds from commercial sources are often coated in some form of pesticide or methylmercury which can result in extreme nausea if ingested. Seeds without these pesticides can be purchased cheaply online and are freely available through search engines such as Google.
When using Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds the dosage for oral consumption is generally considered to be:
==Legal status==
*'''Threshold :''' ''1 - 4 seeds''
*'''Australia''': LSA is illegal to produce, sell, and consume in Australia.{{citation needed}}
*'''Light :''' ''3 - 6 seeds''
*'''Austria''': LSA containing seeds are not regulated, thus are legal to possess, produce and sell.{{citation needed}}
*'''Common :''' ''5 - 8 seeds''
*'''Germany''': LSA is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Plant parts containing LSA are not covered by the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__2.html|title=§ 2 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Strong :''' ''7 - 12 seeds''
*'''Latvia''': LSA itself is controlled as a structural analog of LSD. However, there is no information about LSA-containing seeds. In Latvia, plants are only illegal if they contain Schedule I controlled substances and LSA is not a Schedule 1 controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086|title=Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem|publisher=VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=November 10, 2005|language=lv}}</ref>
*'''Heavy :''' ''12 + seeds''
*'''The Netherlands''': LSA is illegal. However, Hawaiian Baby Woodrose and Morning Glory seeds are not illegal to consume, sell or posses, like other entheogens.{{citation needed}}
*'''New Zealand''': LSA is illegal to consume, sell, and possess. The plants and seeds of morning glory species are legal to possess, cultivate, buy and distribute.{{citation needed}}
*'''Sweden''': LSA is being researched by health authorities and there is a risk in near future for LSA to become illegal. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/livsvillkor-levnadsvanor/andts/vad-vi-gor-inom-andts/narkotika-och-halsofarliga-varor/substanser-under-utredning/|publisher=Folkhälsomyndigheten |access-date=August 15, 2020|language=sv|publication-date=June 17, 2020|title=Substanser under utredning/ yttranden}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': As a chemical, LSA can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Lysergic Acid under Verzeichnis E point 263. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>. Plant matter is not illegal.
*'''Türkiye''': LSA is illegal to consume, sell, and possess. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/01/20140125-3-1.pdf|publisher=Resmi Gazete |access-date=January 16, 2020|language=tr|publication-date=December 16, 2013|title=Karar Sayısı : 2013/5742}}</ref> The plants and seeds of morning glory species are legal to possess, cultivate, buy and distribute.{{citation needed}}
*'''United Kingdom''': LSA is a Class A controlled substance and categorized as a precursor to [[LSD]].{{citation needed}}
*'''United States''': As a precursor to LSD, LSA is a DEA Schedule III controlled substance.{{citation needed}} However, seeds containing LSA can be purchased legally on the internet and from gardening stores.
*'''Poland''': ''Argyreia nervosa'' (Hawaiian baby woodrose) and ''Rivea corymbosa'' are illegal (I-N) with penalty for posession of up to 3 years in prison. LSA itself is covered by analogue law (VI-NPS) and therefore illegal with posession punishable by fine. Morning glory seeds are legal and openly sold in gargening shops.<ref>[https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20240001139 Announcement of the Minister of Health of 17 June 2024 on the announcement of the uniform text of the regulation of the Minister of Health on the list of psychotropic substances, narcotic drugs and new psychoactive substances]</ref>
=Legal issues=
==See also==
*'''Australia:''' Consumption, sale and possession of LSA is illegal.
*'''The Netherlands:''' Consumption, sale and possession of LSA is illegal.
*'''New Zealand:''' Consumption, sale and possession of LSA is illegal. The plants and seeds of morning glory species are legal to possess, cultivate, buy, and distribute.
*'''Sweden:''' Consumption, sale and possession of LSA is illegal.
*'''United Kingdom:''' LSA is a Class A drug, categorised as a precursor to LSD.
*'''United states:''' As a precursor to LSD, LSA is a DEA schedule III drug
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/373027-The-Big-amp-Dandy-HBWR-MGS-LSA-Thread-Second-Iteration The Big & Dandy LSA Thread - Second Iteration (Bluelight)]
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Lysergic acid amide (also known as ergine, d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, and LSA) is a naturally-occurringpsychedelic substance of the lysergamide class.
LSA is an ergot alkaloid and the main psychoactive constituent of morning glory seeds.[citation needed]
LSA is chemically related to LSD and is said to produce similar effects, although the extent to which it does is unclear.
LSA was first described in 1932 as part of an investigation into the alkaloids found in ergot.[1] In 1947, it was synthesized and tested for human activity by Albert Hofmann. The intramuscular administration of a 500 microgram dose produced a "tired, dreamy state with an inability to maintain clear thoughts."[2]
In 1970, LSA was detected as a constituent in Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds, which were being ground up into capsules and sold on the street as "mescaline".[3] Today, LSA is typically consumed via morning glory and Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds.[4]
User reports describe the effects of LSA as primarily sedating and dream-like, with a mild to moderate psychedelic component. The psychedelic effects of LSA occur inconsistently and are not directly comparable to the effects of classical psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, or mescaline. LSA is described as primarily bodily and cognitive with little visual effects. Many users report serious nausea and bodily discomfort ("body load") when taking LSA-containing seeds.
Like other psychedelics, LSA is not considered to be addictive.[5] However, adverse reactions such as severe anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis are always possible, particularly among those who are predisposed to psychiatric disorders.[6] It is therefore highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
LSA, or d-lysergic acid amide, is an organic alkaloid belonging to the lysergamide class. The chemical structure of LSA contains a core structure of lysergic acid with an amine functional group bound to RN. The structure of lysergic acid is composed of a bicyclic hexahydroindole fused to a bicyclic quinoline group (lysergic acid). At carbon 8 of the quinoline, an acetamide group is bound. LSA is additionally substituted at carbon 6 with a methyl group.
LSA is a chiral compound with two stereocenters at R5 and R8. LSA, also called (+)-D-LSA, has an absolute configuration of (5R, 8R). The three other stereoisomers of LSA do not have psychoactive properties. LSA is structurally analogous to LSD, with the exception being that LSA lacks the diethyl substitution of LSD at RN of its carboxamide group. It can be used as a precursor to LSD.
LSA's psychedelic effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptor as a partial agonist. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience remains the subject of scientific investigation.
The notion that LSA is the primary psychedelic constituent in morning glory and Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds has been challenged as the effects of isolated synthetic LSA are reported to be only slightly psychedelic in nature. Therefore, it has been proposed that the overall experience may possibly be produced by a mixture of various lysergamidealkaloids (including iso-LSA and LSH) within these plant materials instead of a single psychoactive compound.
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Sedation - LSA is predominantly sedating; however, this can be setting dependent. For example, when taken in settings with large amounts of stimuli or during physically strenuous activities such as walking, running, climbing or dancing, LSA is capable of becoming stimulating and energetic. In contrast, when taken in calm environments such as darkened rooms with comfortable seating, it tends to be relaxing, sedating.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - The "body high" of LSA can be described as a mild yet pleasurable and soft tingling sensation. This is largely noticed in high doses and is accompanied by strong waves of physical euphoria which are usually manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the trip but can also maintain a consistent presence. Compared to LSD, the physical effects of LSA tend to predominate the experience relative to its visual and cognitive effects.
Physical euphoria - This effect is reported to be more readily able to be produced by LSA than LSD. However, it can be masked by strong, uncomfortable feelings of nausea and vasoconstriction, particularly when LSA-containing seeds are consumed directly before any extraction has been performed.
Motor control loss - This effect becomes far more present at high doses than lower doses. It can be compared to the loss of motor control experienced with alcohol-induced inebriation and is strengthened by the perception of bodily heaviness.
Nausea - The nauseating effects of LSA is thought to be mostly caused by the other components of the seeds (e.g. morning glory, Hawaiian baby woodrose, etc.) and not LSA itself. Various extraction methods can be used to significantly reduce if not eliminate the nausea that can be produced by this substance. Anecdotal reports also suggest that ginger tea or cannabis may be helpful in counteracting nausea.
Vasoconstriction[citation needed] - LSA is commonly reported to produce strong and pronounced feelings of vasoconstriction. This varies in its intensity between individuals but is often considered moderately to extremely uncomfortable in comparison to other psychedelics. This effect is commonly reported to cause joint and limb pains.
Increased blood pressure or Decreased blood pressure[citation needed] - LSA has been reported as being capable of producing both an increase and a decrease in blood pressure, sometimes alternating at different points in the experience, such as during the come up or offset, although it is unclear how much of this is dependent on the seeds and variations in alkaloid contents.
The visual effects of LSA are mostly present when large doses have been consumed. When compared to LSD and psilocin, the visual effects of LSA are proportionally mild in comparison to the intensity of its accompanying cognitive and physical effects.
The visual distortions and alterations are significantly more simplistic than open eye distortions found with other psychedelics. The effects experienced are detailed below:
Drifting(melting, breathing, morphing and flowing) - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as mild but highly detailed and cartoon-like in appearance. The distortions are fast yet smooth in motion and fleeting in permanence. This is an inconsistently manifested effect with some people never reporting such effects.
The visual geometry produced by LSA can be described as more similar in appearance to that of 4-AcO-DMT and ayahuasca than LSD or 2C-B. It can be described through its variations as primarily intricate in complexity, abstract in form, organic in appearance, unstructured in organization, dimly lit, multicolored in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in edges, small in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, rounded in corners, non-immersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher doses, it is significantly more likely to produce 8B geometry over 8A geometry.
Hallucinatory states
LSA is capable of consistently producing a full range of high-level hallucinatory states when it is taken in large doses. However, the doses required to achieve these states are likely to produce very uncomfortable, and potentially dangerous, side effects. These states include:
Transformations - These are extremely common within LSA and partially follow the content of the user's current thought process.
Internal hallucination (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots) - Unlike LSD, LSA consistently produces moderate to high level hallucinatory states in high doses. This particular effect can be compared to a lucid dream state. The hallucinations are more common within dark environments and can be comprehensively described through their variations as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, controllable and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
The cognitive effects of LSA are described by many as extremely relaxing yet lucid and clear-headed in style when compared to other commonly used psychedelics such as LSD or psilocin. Although it is primarily sedating, it can produce fast-paced bursts of thought and stimulation at random intervals.
LSA produces a large number of psychedelic cognitive effects. The most prominent of these typical effects include:
Cannabis - Cannabis can immensely intensify the sensory and cognitive effects of LSA. Extreme caution is advised when mixing these substances as it can significantly increase the chances of a negative psychological reaction like anxiety, confusion and psychosis. Those who use this combination are advised to start off with only a fraction of their usual cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits in order to avoid a negative reaction.
Dissociatives - Dissociatives greatly enhance the cognitive, visuals and general hallucinatory effects of LSA. Dissociative-induced holes, spaces, and voids while under the influence of LSA have significantly more vivid visuals than dissociatives alone, as well as more intense internal hallucinations and correspondingly increased risk of confusion, delusions and psychosis.
Alcohol - Alcohol's central depressant effects can be used to reduce some of the anxiety and tension produced by LSA. However, alcohol can cause dehydration, nausea and physical fatigue which can significantly worsen the experience. If using alcohol, it is advised to pace oneself and drink just a fraction of the usual amount.
Benzodiazepines - Depending on the dose, benzodiazepines can slightly to completely reduce the intensity of the cognitive, physical and visual effects of an LSA trip. They are very efficient at stopping "bad trips" at the cost of amnesia and reduced trip intensity. Caution is advised when acquiring them for this purpose as they are very easy to abuse.
Psychedelics - When used in combination with other psychedelics, each substance's physical, cognitive and visual effects intensify and synergize strongly. The synergy between those substances is unpredictable, and for this reason generally not advised. If choosing to combine psychedelics, it is recommended to start with significantly lower dosages than one would take for either substance individually.
Experience reports
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:
Although LSA is illegal in some countries, various seeds which contain it are readily available in many gardening stores. However, the seeds from commercial sources are often coated in some form of seed treatment or fungicide which can result in extreme nausea, bodily discomfort, or (in the case of organomercury compounds) long-term neurological damage and cognitive impairment if ingested. Methods for cleaning or de-coating the seeds are available, but are typically ineffective (organomercury compounds penetrate the entire seed). Therefore it is important to only purchase untreated seeds from reliable, trusted vendors. Heavy metal testing kits can be purchased online to test seed extracts for mercury content prior to ingestion.
The seeds of many species of morning glory are known to contain lysergamidealkaloids such as LSA.[7] Typical oral doses of morning glory seeds are as follows:
Hawaiian baby woodrose is a perennial climbing vine that is native to the Indian subcontinent and has since been introduced to numerous areas worldwide including Hawaii, Africa and the Caribbean. Its seeds may be consumed for their various lysergamide alkaloids such as LSA.[8] Typical oral doses for Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds are as follows:
Threshold:1 - 3 seeds
Light:3 - 5 seeds
Common:5 - 7 seeds
Strong:7 - 12 seeds
Heavy:12 seeds +
Preparation methods
LSA containing seeds can be prepared using a number of methods. Some of these methods are listed in our tutorial index and include:
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational LSA use have not been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying LSA by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
LSA should not be used regularly for long periods of time. When used repeatedly over a short period of time, LSA's vasoconstrictive effects build up while the psychoactive effects get weaker. A common sign of vasoconstriction build up can be described as a feeling of painful or uncomfortable legs.[9] This happens as a result of an insufficient amount of blood getting to the muscles. The upper leg muscles are the largest, most energy consuming muscles in the body and will feel sore if blood flow to them is lowered even slightly.
When HBWR, morning glory seeds or pure LSA seeds are consumed and sore legs are experienced, a break has been reported to be helpful. With LSA it can take up to 3 days of abstinence to get back to vasoconstriction baseline.
Dependence and abuse potential
LSA is considered to be non-addictive with a low abuse potential. There are no literature reports of successful attempts to train animals to self-administer LSA, an animal model predictive of abuse liability, indicating that it does not possess the necessary pharmacology to either initiate or maintain dependence.[citation needed] There is virtually no withdrawal syndrome when use is stopped.
Tolerance to the effects of LSA forms almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 7 days for the tolerance to return to baseline (in the absence of further consumption). LSA produces cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the use of LSA all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Dangerous interactions
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
[[Wikipedia:Lithium_(medication)|DangerousInteraction::Lithium]] - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
"[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of LSA. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
"[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold[10] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.[citation needed]
MAOIs - MAO inhibitors, such as passionflower and syrian rue potentiate the visual and introspective effects of psychedelics. It is advised to take caution when combining MAOIs with psychedelics because they can increase the chance of having a bad trip and may dangerously interact with other substances, such as SSRIs and stimulants, as well as some psychedelics such as MDA.
Legal status
Australia: LSA is illegal to produce, sell, and consume in Australia.[citation needed]
Austria: LSA containing seeds are not regulated, thus are legal to possess, produce and sell.[citation needed]
Germany: LSA is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[11] as of July 18, 2019.[12] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[13] Plant parts containing LSA are not covered by the law.[14]
Latvia: LSA itself is controlled as a structural analog of LSD. However, there is no information about LSA-containing seeds. In Latvia, plants are only illegal if they contain Schedule I controlled substances and LSA is not a Schedule 1 controlled substance.[15]
The Netherlands: LSA is illegal. However, Hawaiian Baby Woodrose and Morning Glory seeds are not illegal to consume, sell or posses, like other entheogens.[citation needed]
New Zealand: LSA is illegal to consume, sell, and possess. The plants and seeds of morning glory species are legal to possess, cultivate, buy and distribute.[citation needed]
Sweden: LSA is being researched by health authorities and there is a risk in near future for LSA to become illegal. [16]
Switzerland: As a chemical, LSA can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Lysergic Acid under Verzeichnis E point 263. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.[17]. Plant matter is not illegal.
Türkiye: LSA is illegal to consume, sell, and possess. [18] The plants and seeds of morning glory species are legal to possess, cultivate, buy and distribute.[citation needed]
United Kingdom: LSA is a Class A controlled substance and categorized as a precursor to LSD.[citation needed]
United States: As a precursor to LSD, LSA is a DEA Schedule III controlled substance.[citation needed] However, seeds containing LSA can be purchased legally on the internet and from gardening stores.
Poland: Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose) and Rivea corymbosa are illegal (I-N) with penalty for posession of up to 3 years in prison. LSA itself is covered by analogue law (VI-NPS) and therefore illegal with posession punishable by fine. Morning glory seeds are legal and openly sold in gargening shops.[19]
↑Smith, Sydney; Timmis, Geoffrey M. (1932). "The alkaloids of ergot. Part III. Ergine, a new base obtained by the degradation of ergotoxine and ergotinine". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) (1932 ed.) (98): 763–766. doi:10.1039/JR9320000763.
↑Borsutzky, M.; Passie, T.; Paetzold, W.; Schneider, U. (2002). "Hawaiian baby woodrose: (Psycho-) Pharmacological effects of the seeds of Argyreia nervosa. A case-orientated demonstration". Der Nervenarzt. 73 (9): 892–896. doi:10.1007/s00115-002-1374-4. ISSN0028-2804. PMID12215884.
↑Klinke, Helene B.; Müller; Steffenrud, S.; Dahl-Sørensen, R. (2010). "Two cases of lysergamide intoxication by ingestion of seeds from Hawaiian Baby Woodrose". Forensic Science International. 197 (1–3): e1–e5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.11.017. ISSN0379-0738.
↑Iemitsu, M.; Itoh, M.; Fujimoto, T.; Tashiro, M.; Nagatomi, R.; Ohmori, H.; Ishii, K. (2000). "Whole-body energy mapping under physical exercise using positron emission tomography". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 32 (12): 2067–2070. doi:10.1097/00005768-200012000-00016. ISSN0195-9131. PMID11128853.
↑Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN1556-9039.
↑"Anlage NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑"§ 4 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑"§ 2 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
