This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
Changed the legal status in the Netherlands with a source
(85 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown)
Line 1:
Line 1:
{{headerpanel|{{proofread}}{{approval}}}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{Template:SubstanceBox/Ethyl-Pentedrone}}
{{SubstanceBox/NEP}}
'''Ethyl-pentedrone''' (also known as '''n-ethyl-pentedrone''' and '''NEP''') is a [[Stimulant|stimulant]] [[research chemical]] belonging to the [[Cathinone|cathinone]] group. Ethyl-pentedrone's stimulation is believed to be caused by its affinity as an NDRI ([[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] reuptake inhibitor); however, there have been no scientific studies confirming this. It may also act as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor or releasing agent in moderate to high doses, but this is only speculation.
Ethyl-pentedrone is closely related to [[pentedrone]], with an added ethyl-group on the carbon chain containing the nitrogen. This addition makes it about 3x as potent as pentedrone. Ethyl-pentedrone is also closely related to ethyl-hexedrone, and is likely very similar in effects.
'''N-Ethyl-nor-pentedrone''' (also known as '''N-Ethylpentedrone''', '''Ethyl-pentedrone''' or more commonly, '''NEP''') is a lesser-known novel [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] substance of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class that produces [[stimulating]], [[euphoric]], and mildly [[entactogenic]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]].
The stimulating effects of NEP are believed to mainly be caused by its activity as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (NDRI). The reported entactogenic effects it displays may also be due to its activity as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] or [[releasing agent]] in moderate to high doses, although new research has shown very low serotonin reuptake inhibition.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Duart-Castells, L.)), ((Nadal-Gratacós, N.)), ((Muralter, M.)), ((Puster, B.)), ((Berzosa, X.)), ((Estrada-Tejedor, R.)), ((Niello, M.)), ((Bhat, S.)), ((Pubill, D.)), ((Camarasa, J.)), ((Sitte, H. H.)), ((Escubedo, E.)), ((López-Arnau, R.)) | journal=Neuropharmacology | title=Role of amino terminal substitutions in the pharmacological, rewarding and psychostimulant profiles of novel synthetic cathinones | volume=186 | pages=108475 | date= March 2021 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028390821000290 | issn=00283908 | doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108475}}</ref>NEP probably acts as unselective [[serotonin]]-[[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (SNDRI).
NEP shares a close structural relationship to its parent compound [[pentedrone]], differing by an addition ethyl group on the terminal nitrogen on the carbon chain. This addition reportedly makes it about three times as potent as pentedrone.<ref name=":0" /> NEP is also closely related to [[N-Ethylhexedrone]] (commonly known as ''Hexen''), and has been reported as producing largely-similar effects.
NEP first became known in the [[research chemical]] market during 2016. It is an example of a contemporary [[designer drug]] specifically chosen to mimic/replace the functional and structural features of its popular potent and short-lived-type stimulant predecessors, which are sometimes imprecisely referred to as "bath salts".
As with its parent compound [[pentedrone]], very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of NEP in humans. Due to its novelty and extremely short history of human usage, all information related to the use of this compound should be treated with extreme caution. It is highly advised that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use this substance.
Ethyl-pentedrone first became known in the [[research chemical]] market during 2016. Little research exists about ethyl-pentedrone and its parent compound pentedrone. All dosage information found on the internet should be treated with caution.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Ethyl-pentedrone is a [[Cathinone|substituted cathinone]], which means that it features a [[phenethylamine]] core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. Cathinones are beta-ketone analogues of [[amphetamine]]s.
NEP, or N-Ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone, belongs to the [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]] chemical class. It features a [[phenethylamine]] core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. Cathinones are beta-ketone analogues of [[amphetamine]]s. Cathinones refer to a class of molecules which are principally constituted of a [[phenethylamine]] core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. They are also known as the beta-ketone (double-bonded oxygen to the β-carbon) analogs of [[amphetamine]]s. The cathinone backbone can be modified in three different places to create hundreds of possible compounds, which include substituents on the aromatic ring, the alpha carbon, and the amine group.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Liu, C.)), ((Jia, W.)), ((Li, T.)), ((Hua, Z.)), ((Qian, Z.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=Identification and analytical characterization of nine synthetic cathinone derivatives N -ethylhexedrone, 4-Cl-pentedrone, 4-Cl- α -EAPP, propylone, N -ethylnorpentylone, 6-MeO-bk-MDMA, α -PiHP, 4-Cl- α -PHP, and 4-F- α -PHP: Identification of nine synthetic cathinones | volume=9 | issue=8 | pages=1162–1171 | date= August 2017 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.2136 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.2136}}</ref>
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. Ethyl-Pentedrone most likely acts as both a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[releasing agent]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]]. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. It is possible that it may have some serotonergic properties, as users have described some entactogenic feelings.
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, a lot of the discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[mephedrone]] and others. However, a recent study has shown that NEP acts as a potent [[Reuptake inhibitor|serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor]] (SNDRI) with very poor affinity for [[Serotonin|SERT]].<ref name=":0" /> This allows dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects. That being said, an interaction with other receptor sites cannot yet be fully ruled out.
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
===Physical effects===
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - High doses of ethyl-pentedrone result in a pleasurable body high characterized by pleasant tingling.
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, ethyl-pentedrone can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic.
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Dry mouth and increased sweating can occur after consuming ethyl-pentedrone. Low doses of the substance in question cause minimal dehydration.
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - Ethyl-pentedrone can be considered slightly vasoconstricting.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, NEP can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - High doses of NEP result in a pleasurable body high characterized by pleasant tingling.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]''' - Dry mouth and increased sweating can occur after consuming NEP. Low doses of the substance in question cause minimal dehydration.
*'''[[Effect::Vasoconstriction]]''' - NEP has been reported as being slightly vasoconstricting.
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]''' - NEP increases heart rate significantly compared to other stimulants, even at low doses.
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Temporary erectile dysfunction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
===Cognitive effects===
}}
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]'''
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is mostly present in lower doses when not overshadowed by euphoria.
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is mostly present in lower doses when not overshadowed by euphoria.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, love, and sociability enhancement]]''' - These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are much weaker and less sharp than those found on substances such as [[MDMA]] but seem to be present at high doses for some users.
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are much weaker and less sharp than those found on substances such as [[MDMA]] but seem to be present at high doses for some users. The presence of this effect has lead many users to speculate that this compound likely functions as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] as well as a [[dopamine]] and [[noradrenaline]] reuptake inhibitor.
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Ego inflation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
===After effects===
}}
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depression]]'''
Line 51:
Line 69:
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
It should be noted that many users have described the comedown of ethyl-pentedrone as being particularly “smooth,” so these effects may not be present to as great a degree as other stimulants.
It should be noted that many users of this substance report it has relatively smooth [[Durations#Coming down|"come down"]] compared to similar cathinone stimulants, so these effects may not be present to as great of a degree.
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
{{Main|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational Ethyl-Pentedrone use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because Ethyl-Pentedrone has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried Ethyl-Pentedrone within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any acute negative health effects.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational NEP use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because NEP has an extremely brief history of human usage. Early anecdotal evidence from people who have tried NEP within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it in a sparing and controlled fashion (but nothing can be completely guaranteed)
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of Ethyl-Pentedrone can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
As with other [[stimulants]], the chronic use of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of Ethyl-Pentedrone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Ethyl-Pentedrone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of Ethyl-Pentedrone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to many of the effects of NEP [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). NEP presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone all [[stimulants]] will have a reduced effect.
===Psychosis===
===Psychosis===
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
{{Main|Stimulant psychosis}}
Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref><ref>Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329. ISBN 9780195030570.</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref>Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+Saturday%2C+15+March+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2806%3A00-08%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref>
Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., [[Paranoia|paranoia]], [[External hallucinations|hallucinations]], or [[Delusions|delusions]]).<ref name="Shoptaw2009">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Shoptaw, S. J.)), ((Kao, U.)), ((Ling, W.)) | veditors=((Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group)) | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | title=Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | date=21 January 2009 | url=https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | issn=14651858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3}}</ref> A review on treatment for amphetamine, [[dextroamphetamine]], and [[methamphetamine]] abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.<ref name="Shoptaw2009" /><ref>{{cite book | vauthors=((Hofmann, F. G.)) | date= 1983 | title=A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=2nd ed | isbn=9780195030563}}</ref> The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, [[antipsychotic]] medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.<ref name="Shoptaw2009" />
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - Ethyl-Pentedrone can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulant]]s as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
*'''[[Stimulants]]''' - NEP can be potentially dangerous in combination with other [[stimulants]] as it can [[increased heart rate|increase one's heart rate]] and [[increased blood pressure|blood pressure]] to dangerous levels.
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Stimulants}}
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]] and other stimulants.
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with [[amphetamine]] and other stimulants.
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
{{DangerousInteractions/MAOI|nt=dopamine}}
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart.
*'''[[Cocaine]]''' - This combination may increase strain on the heart to dangerous, potentially fatal levels.
==Legal issues==
====[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk====
{{LegalStub}}
{{DangerousInteractions/SerotoninSyndrome}}
*'''United Kingdom''' - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.<ref>Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted</ref>
==Legal status==
*'''Brazil''': On September 7, 2018, all cathinone analogues are controlled substances considered illegal to possess, use and distribute. This was made possible due to a blanket ban law appended to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>New blanket ban on synthetic illegal drugs is approved (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/noticias/-/asset_publisher/FXrpx9qY7FbU/content/combate-a-drogas-ilicitas-sinteticas-fica-mais-facil</ref>
*'''China''': NEP is a controlled substance.{{citation needed}}
*'''France''': As a derivative of cathinone with alkyl substitutions on the nitrogen and R2 position, NEP is scheduled as a "stupéfiant", i.e. a recognized drug of abuse. It is illegal to possess, buy, sell or manufacture.<ref>{{Citation | title=Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants | url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000533085/2020-11-20/}}</ref>
*'''Germany''': NEP is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 11, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Japan''': NEP is a controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/dl/meisho.pdf|title=指定薬物一覧|publisher=Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare|access-date=December 27, 2019|language=ja}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': NEP is a controlled substance as of November 12, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://svenskforfattningssamling.se/sites/default/files/sfs/2019-10/SFS2019-612.pdf|title=Svensk författningssamling: Förordningom ändring i förordningen (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor|language=sv|access-date=December 27, 2019|publisher=Thomson Förlag}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': NEP can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''The Netherlands:''' NEP is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. <ref>{{Citation|title= Bepaalde groepen designerdrugs (ook wel nieuwe psychoactieve stoffen) zijn sinds 1 juli 2025 verboden. Deze stoffen zijn schadelijk. Gebruikers kunnen er gezondheidsproblemen van krijgen en er zelfs door overlijden. | year=2025|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/drugs/verbod-op-designerdrugs}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': NEP is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made}}</ref>
*'''United States''': NEP is not a controlled substance in the United States but possession or distribution for human use could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act due to its structural and pharmacological similarities to [[pentedrone]].<ref>{{Citation | title=21 U.S. Code § 813 - Treatment of controlled substance analogues | url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/813}}</ref>
*'''Italy:''' NEP is a controlled substance in Italy. It was inserted in "Table 1 of psychotropic substances"<ref>[https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/medicinaliStupefacenti/dettaglioContenutiMedicinaliStupefacenti.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=3729&area=sostanzeStupefacenti&menu=vuoto&tab=1]</ref> in December 29, 2020.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
N-Ethyl-nor-pentedrone (also known as N-Ethylpentedrone, Ethyl-pentedrone or more commonly, NEP) is a lesser-known novel stimulant substance of the cathinone class that produces stimulating, euphoric, and mildly entactogenic effects when administered.
NEP shares a close structural relationship to its parent compound pentedrone, differing by an addition ethyl group on the terminal nitrogen on the carbon chain. This addition reportedly makes it about three times as potent as pentedrone.[1] NEP is also closely related to N-Ethylhexedrone (commonly known as Hexen), and has been reported as producing largely-similar effects.
NEP first became known in the research chemical market during 2016. It is an example of a contemporary designer drug specifically chosen to mimic/replace the functional and structural features of its popular potent and short-lived-type stimulant predecessors, which are sometimes imprecisely referred to as "bath salts".
As with its parent compound pentedrone, very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of NEP in humans. Due to its novelty and extremely short history of human usage, all information related to the use of this compound should be treated with extreme caution. It is highly advised that one use harm reduction practices if choosing to use this substance.
NEP, or N-Ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone, belongs to the cathinone chemical class. It features a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. Cathinones are beta-ketone analogues of amphetamines. Cathinones refer to a class of molecules which are principally constituted of a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon and an oxygen group attached to the beta carbon. They are also known as the beta-ketone (double-bonded oxygen to the β-carbon) analogs of amphetamines. The cathinone backbone can be modified in three different places to create hundreds of possible compounds, which include substituents on the aromatic ring, the alpha carbon, and the amine group.[2]
Pharmacology
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, a lot of the discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other cathinones such as mephedrone and others. However, a recent study has shown that NEP acts as a potent serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) with very poor affinity for SERT.[1] This allows dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects. That being said, an interaction with other receptor sites cannot yet be fully ruled out.
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, NEP can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic.
Spontaneous tactile sensations - High doses of NEP result in a pleasurable body high characterized by pleasant tingling.
Analysis enhancement - This effect is mostly present in lower doses when not overshadowed by euphoria.
Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement - These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are much weaker and less sharp than those found on substances such as MDMA but seem to be present at high doses for some users. The presence of this effect has lead many users to speculate that this compound likely functions as a serotoninreuptake inhibitor as well as a dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.
The effects which occur during the offset of a stimulant experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its peak. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of neurotransmitter depletion. Its effects commonly include:
It should be noted that many users of this substance report it has relatively smooth "come down" compared to similar cathinone stimulants, so these effects may not be present to as great of a degree.
Experience reports
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational NEP use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because NEP has an extremely brief history of human usage. Early anecdotal evidence from people who have tried NEP within the community suggests that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it in a sparing and controlled fashion (but nothing can be completely guaranteed)
As with other stimulants, the chronic use of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of NEP develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). NEP presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all dopaminergicstimulants]], meaning that after the consumption of N-ethyl-(nor)-pentedrone all stimulants will have a reduced effect.
Abuse of compounds within the stimulant class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions).[3] A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely.[3][4] The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis.[3]
Dangerous interactions
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
"[[DangerousInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] & "[[DangerousInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - 25x compounds are highly stimulating and physically straining. Combinations with NEP should be strictly avoided due to the risk of excessive stimulation and heart strain. This can result in increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, panic attacks, thought loops, seizures, and heart failure in extreme cases.
"[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Combining alcohol with stimulants can be dangerous due to the risk of accidental over-intoxication. Stimulants mask alcohol's depressant effects, which is what most people use to assess their degree of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the depressant effects will be left unopposed, which can result in blackouts and severe respiratory depression. If mixing, the user should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
"[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Combinations with DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive crisis, or serotonin syndrome with serotonin releasers (MDMA, methylone, mephedrone, etc.). Monitor blood pressure carefully and avoid strenuous physical activity.
"[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Any neurotoxic effects of MDMA are likely to be increased when other stimulants are present. There is also a risk of excessive blood pressure and heart strain (cardiotoxicity).
"[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Some reports suggest combinations with MXE may dangerously increase blood pressure and increase the risk of mania and psychosis.
"[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Both classes carry a risk of delusions, mania and psychosis, and these risk may be multiplied when combined.
"[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - NEP may be dangerous to combine with other stimulants like cocaine as they can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
"[[DangerousInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Tramadol is known to lower the seizure threshold[5] and combinations with stimulants may further increase this risk.
MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with amphetamine and other stimulants.
"[[DangerousInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, and some antidepressants.[6]
Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart to dangerous, potentially fatal levels.
Combinations with the following substances can cause dangerously high serotonin levels. Serotonin syndrome requires immediate medical attention and can be fatal if left untreated.
Brazil: On September 7, 2018, all cathinone analogues are controlled substances considered illegal to possess, use and distribute. This was made possible due to a blanket ban law appended to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.[8]
France: As a derivative of cathinone with alkyl substitutions on the nitrogen and R2 position, NEP is scheduled as a "stupéfiant", i.e. a recognized drug of abuse. It is illegal to possess, buy, sell or manufacture.[9]
Germany: NEP is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[10] as of November 26, 2016.[11] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[12]
Sweden: NEP is a controlled substance as of November 12, 2019.[14]
Switzerland: NEP can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.[15]
The Netherlands: NEP is a controlled substance as of July 1, 2025. [16]
United Kingdom: NEP is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.[17]
United States: NEP is not a controlled substance in the United States but possession or distribution for human use could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analogue Act due to its structural and pharmacological similarities to pentedrone.[18]
Italy: NEP is a controlled substance in Italy. It was inserted in "Table 1 of psychotropic substances"[19] in December 29, 2020.
↑Hofmann, F. G. (1983). A handbook on drug and alcohol abuse: the biomedical aspects (2nd ed ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195030563.CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
↑Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. eISSN1937-6995. ISSN1556-9039. OCLC163567183.
. eISSN 1471-6771. ISSN 0007-0912. OCLC 01537271. PMID 16051647.