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[[File:Sertraline.svg|400px|thumbnail|right|Structure of sertraline.]]
[[File:Zoloft 50 mg.jpg|400px|thumbnail|right|A tablet of brand-name ''Zoloft''. Dose is 50 miligrams.]]
'''Sertraline''' (also known as '''Zoloft''') is a widely-known [[SSRI]] substance and pharmaceutical of the substituted tametraline chemical class that produces [[anxiolytic]] and antidepressive effects when administered. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for major depressive disorder in adult outpatients as well as obsessive–compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder, in both adults and children.
'''Sertraline''' (also known as '''Zoloft''') is an [[SSRI]] substance and pharmaceutical of the substituted tametraline chemical class that produces [[anxiolytic]] and [[antidepressant]] effects when administered. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for major depressive disorder in adult outpatients as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder, in both adults and children.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Sertraline is a substituted tametraline.
Sertraline is a substituted tametraline.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Sertraline is a [[SSRI|selective reuptake inhibitor of serotonin]]; this allows sertraline to increase levels of extracellular [[serotonin]], meaning that more serotonin comes into the brain. Sertraline is used for depression because it is hypothesized that people with depression have low serotonin levels.
Sertraline is a [[SSRI|selective reuptake inhibitor of serotonin]]; a class of drug that increases levels of extracellular [[serotonin]], meaning that more serotonin is present in the brain. Sertraline is used for depression and anxiety disorders because it is hypothesized that people with these disorders may have low serotonin levels.
Sertraline promotes neurogenesis (the growth of neurons). This is a useful property in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease.<ref>Anacker, C., Zunszain, P. A., Cattaneo, A., Carvalho, L. A., Garabedian, M. J., Thuret, S., ... & Pariante, C. M. (2011). Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Molecular psychiatry, 16(7), 738.</ref><ref>Peng, Q., Masuda, N., Jiang, M., Li, Q., Zhao, M., Ross, C. A., & Duan, W. (2008). The antidepressant sertraline improves the phenotype, promotes neurogenesis and increases BDNF levels in the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse model. Experimental neurology, 210(1), 154-163.</ref><ref>Duan, W., Peng, Q., Masuda, N., Ford, E., Tryggestad, E., Ladenheim, B., ... & Ross, C. A. (2008). Sertraline slows disease progression and increases neurogenesis in N171-82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiology of disease, 30(3), 312-322.</ref>
Sertraline promotes neurogenesis (the growth of neurons). This is a useful property in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease.<ref>Anacker, C., Zunszain, P. A., Cattaneo, A., Carvalho, L. A., Garabedian, M. J., Thuret, S., ... & Pariante, C. M. (2011). Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Molecular psychiatry, 16(7), 738.</ref><ref>Peng, Q., Masuda, N., Jiang, M., Li, Q., Zhao, M., Ross, C. A., & Duan, W. (2008). The antidepressant sertraline improves the phenotype, promotes neurogenesis and increases BDNF levels in the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse model. Experimental neurology, 210(1), 154-163.</ref><ref>Duan, W., Peng, Q., Masuda, N., Ford, E., Tryggestad, E., Ladenheim, B., ... & Ross, C. A. (2008). Sertraline slows disease progression and increases neurogenesis in N171-82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiology of disease, 30(3), 312-322.</ref>
Sertraline is somewhat unique among SSRIs for containing no fluorine atoms. Some pharmaceuticals contaning flourine can be metabolized into the fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>) anion,<ref>Wermers, R. A., Cooper, K., Razonable, R. R., Deziel, P. J., Whitford, G. M., Kremers, W. K., & Moyer, T. P. (2011). Fluoride excess and periostitis in transplant patients receiving long-term voriconazole therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(5), 604-611.</ref><ref>Meunier, P. J., Courpron, P., Smoller, J. S., & Briancon, D. (1980). Niflumic Acid-Induced Skeletal Fluorosis: Iatrogenic Disease or Therapeutic Perspective for Osteoporosis?. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 148, 304-309.</ref><ref>Rimoli, C., Carducci, C. N., Dabas, C., Vescina, C., Quindimil, M. E., & Mascaro, A. (1991). Relationship between serum concentrations of flecainide and fluoride in humans. Bollettino chimico farmaceutico, 130(7), 279-282.</ref> which may cause harm to the human body in excess, such as leaving mineral deposits on the pineal gland and bones.<ref>Luke, J. (2001). Fluoride deposition in the aged human pineal gland. Caries Research, 35(2), 125-128.</ref><ref>Meunier, P. J., Courpron, P., Smoller, J. S., & Briancon, D. (1980). Niflumic Acid-Induced Skeletal Fluorosis: Iatrogenic Disease or Therapeutic Perspective for Osteoporosis?. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 148, 304-309.</ref> On a related note, it is not certain of whether fluorine-containing antidepressants, such as citalopram and fluoxetine, can be metabolized into fluoride.
Its metabolite, norsertraline, also inhibits reuptake of serotonin, but more weakly than sertraline. <ref>Koe, B. K., Weissman, A. L. B. E. R. T., Welch, W. M., & Browne, R. G. (1983). Sertraline, 1S, 4S-N-methyl-4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine, a new uptake inhibitor with selectivity for serotonin. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 226(3), 686-700.</ref><ref>Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., & Engleman, E. A. (1995). Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: twenty years since its first publication. Life sciences, 57(5), 411-441.</ref>
Its metabolite, norsertraline, also inhibits reuptake of serotonin. <ref>Koe, B. K., Weissman, A. L. B. E. R. T., Welch, W. M., & Browne, R. G. (1983). Sertraline, 1S, 4S-N-methyl-4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine, a new uptake inhibitor with selectivity for serotonin. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 226(3), 686-700.</ref><ref>Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., & Engleman, E. A. (1995). Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: twenty years since its first publication. Life sciences, 57(5), 411-441.</ref>
==Subjective effects==
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
==Subjective effects==
{{effects/base
===Physical effects===
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - Sertraline is somewhat sedating or tiring.
*'''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' or '''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Sertraline can be somewhat sedating or mildly stimulating. As with other SSRIs, sedation, if present, is usually more pronounced at night.
*'''[[Increased perspiration]]
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
===Cognitive effects===
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]''' - Sertraline is used clinically to reduce levels of anxiety in those with anxiety disorders.
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - Teeth grinding and jaw clenching can be present but usually to a much lesser extent than with [[stimulants]].
*'''[[Effect::Suicidal ideation]]''' - Sertraline and other SSRIs can cause suicidal ideation.<ref>Didham, R. C., McConnell, D. W., Blair, H. J., & Reith, D. M. (2005). Suicide and self‐harm following prescription of SSRIs and other antidepressants: confounding by indication. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 60(5), 519-525.</ref>
*'''[[Increased perspiration]]
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - Particularly a problem with higher doses or for those who take Sertraline for prolonged periods. Sertraline can trigger a manic episode in people with bipolar disorder.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive fatigue]]'''
}}
{{effects/paradoxical|
*'''[[Effect::Suicidal ideation]]''' - Sertraline and other SSRIs can cause suicidal ideation, particularly in young people. This is more likely in the early stages of use.<ref>Didham, R. C., McConnell, D. W., Blair, H. J., & Reith, D. M. (2005). Suicide and self‐harm following prescription of SSRIs and other antidepressants: confounding by indication. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 60(5), 519-525.</ref>
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Insomnia]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
It may contain incorrect information, particularly with respect to dosage, duration, subjective effects, toxicity and other risks. It may also not meet PW style and grammar standards.
Serotonin syndrome and/or a prolonged heart QT interval can occur with using SSRIs (such as citalopram, paroxetine, or sertraline) with SNRIs, SRAs (such as MDMA), DXM, serotonergic stimulants (such as cocaine), MAOIs, and RIMAs.
It is strongly discouraged to consume moderate to heavy dosages of these substances together.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
A tablet of brand-name Zoloft. Dose is 50 miligrams.
Sertraline (also known as Zoloft) is an SSRI substance and pharmaceutical of the substituted tametraline chemical class that produces anxiolytic and antidepressant effects when administered. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for major depressive disorder in adult outpatients as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder, in both adults and children.
Sertraline is a selective reuptake inhibitor of serotonin; a class of drug that increases levels of extracellular serotonin, meaning that more serotonin is present in the brain. Sertraline is used for depression and anxiety disorders because it is hypothesized that people with these disorders may have low serotonin levels.
Sertraline promotes neurogenesis (the growth of neurons). This is a useful property in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease.[1][2][3]
Its metabolite, norsertraline, also inhibits reuptake of serotonin, but more weakly than sertraline. [4][5]
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Sedation or Stimulation - Sertraline can be somewhat sedating or mildly stimulating. As with other SSRIs, sedation, if present, is usually more pronounced at night.
Mania - Particularly a problem with higher doses or for those who take Sertraline for prolonged periods. Sertraline can trigger a manic episode in people with bipolar disorder.
Suicidal ideation - Sertraline and other SSRIs can cause suicidal ideation, particularly in young people. This is more likely in the early stages of use.[6]
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
↑Anacker, C., Zunszain, P. A., Cattaneo, A., Carvalho, L. A., Garabedian, M. J., Thuret, S., ... & Pariante, C. M. (2011). Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Molecular psychiatry, 16(7), 738.
↑Peng, Q., Masuda, N., Jiang, M., Li, Q., Zhao, M., Ross, C. A., & Duan, W. (2008). The antidepressant sertraline improves the phenotype, promotes neurogenesis and increases BDNF levels in the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse model. Experimental neurology, 210(1), 154-163.
↑Duan, W., Peng, Q., Masuda, N., Ford, E., Tryggestad, E., Ladenheim, B., ... & Ross, C. A. (2008). Sertraline slows disease progression and increases neurogenesis in N171-82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiology of disease, 30(3), 312-322.
↑Koe, B. K., Weissman, A. L. B. E. R. T., Welch, W. M., & Browne, R. G. (1983). Sertraline, 1S, 4S-N-methyl-4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine, a new uptake inhibitor with selectivity for serotonin. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 226(3), 686-700.
↑Wong, D. T., Bymaster, F. P., & Engleman, E. A. (1995). Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: twenty years since its first publication. Life sciences, 57(5), 411-441.
↑Didham, R. C., McConnell, D. W., Blair, H. J., & Reith, D. M. (2005). Suicide and self‐harm following prescription of SSRIs and other antidepressants: confounding by indication. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 60(5), 519-525.
