This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
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{{DepressantOD|opiates}}
{{SummarySheet}}
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==History and culture==
{{historyStub}}
2-methyl AP 237 is a research chemical [[psychoactive class::opioid]], Little is known about this chemical as was first identified by a police forensic laboratory in Slovenia in March 2019. Page text.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.policija.si/apps/nfl_response_web/0_Analytical_Reports_final/2-Methyl-AP-237-ID-2053-19_report.pdf | title = Analytical Report 2-Methyl-AP-237 | date = 19 March 2019 | location = Ljubljana, Slovenia | publisher = National Forensic Laboratory }}</ref>
Studies have shown bucinnazine and similar acyl piperazines, substances close to 2 MAP to be potent and selective agonists of μ-opioid receptor and they are thought to raise tolerance quickly
==Chemistry==
{{chemistry}}
==Pharmacology==
{{pharmacology}}
2-Methyl AP 237 is an agonist of Mu opioid receptor with potency about equal to morphine
2-Methyl AP-237 was found to bind to MOR with appreciable affinity (Ki = 12.9 nM) and high
selectivity over the δ (Ki = 2910 nM) and κ subtypes (Ki = 5259 nM)
[http://Janowsky%20A.%202-Methyl%20AP-237.%201-%5B2-Methyl-4-(3-phenyl-2-propen-1-yl)-1-piperazinyl%5D-1-butanone,%20%20HCl.%20Binding%20and%20functional%20activity%20at%20delta,%20kappa%20and%20mu%20opioid%20receptors.%20DEA-VA%20interagency%20%20agreement%20title:%20“In%20vitro%20receptor%20and%20transporter%20assays%20for%20abuse%20liability%20testing%20for%20the%20DEA%20by%20the%20%20VA”.%20Portland%20(OR):%20Department%20of%20Veterans%20Affairs%20Medical%20Center;%202019. Janowsky A. 2-Methyl AP-237. 1-[2-Methyl-4-(3-phenyl-2-propen-1-yl)-1-piperazinyl<nowiki>]</nowiki>-1-butanone, HCl. Binding and functional activity at delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors. DEA-VA interagency agreement title: “In vitro receptor and transporter assays for abuse liability testing for the DEA by the VA”. Portland (OR): Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; 2019.]
*'''[[Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]''' - This can be described as a powerful and overwhelming feeling of emotional bliss, contentment, and happiness.It is less euphoric than oxycodone or heroin but more than light opioids like codeine.'''
*'''[[Effect::Double vision]]''' - At high doses, opioids can cause the eyes un-focus and re-focus uncontrollably. This creates a blurred effect and double vision that is present no matter where one focuses their eyes.
====Hallucinatory states====
*'''[[Internal hallucinations]]''' - One may experience feelings of hypnagogia during a state of "nodding" which is often accompanied by vivid dream-like visions.
}}
}}
== Tolerance and addiction ==
The short-term non-chronic use of opioids is not associated with any physical or neurological toxicity.
The long-term use of opioids causes hormonal imbalance in both men and women. In men, this opioid-induced androgen deficiency results in abnormally low levels of sex hormones, particularly testosterone.
This negative change in endocrine function in males can lead to: reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, depression, reduced facial and body hair, decreased muscle mass, and weight gain.
Another often observed long-term effect is hyperalgesia, an increase in the pain sensitivity of the person. This is specially seen in chronic pain patients on high dose opioid regimes. There is some evidence that NMDA antagonists like ketamine and opoids that are also weak NMDA antagonist such as methadone, levorphanol and tramadol may help delay the onset of hyperalgesia or even revert it. Nitric synthase inhibitor, COx2 antagonist and alpha 2 agonist can also help.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this class of substances.
Due to the highly euphoric nature of these substances, the recreational use and abuse of opioids has an extremely high rate of addiction and dependence. This is combined with a tolerance which builds up quickly, necessitates that the user take increasingly high dosages in order to get the same effects.
*'''[[Effect::less intense audio stimulation]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:SUBSTANCE]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
* [https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_SUBSTANCE.shtml Erowid Experience Vaults: SUBSTANCE] <!-- Check the link to see if it exists -->
}}}}
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance. It is believed that 2-methyl AP237 is highly caustic.
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
Death may occur
Has acid properties (caution advised)
===Lethal dosage===
Depends on the Individual
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
Strong Physical and Psychological addiction potential
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions}}
{{DangerousInteractions}}
Any depressants is going to raise the risk of possibly life-endind events.
It may contain incorrect information, particularly with respect to dosage, duration, subjective effects, toxicity and other risks. It may also not meet PW style and grammar standards.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Death may occur
Has acid properties (caution advised)
Lethal dosage
Depends on the Individual
Tolerance and addiction potential
Strong Physical and Psychological addiction potential
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Alcohol - Both substances potentiate the ataxia and sedation caused by the other and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. Place affected patients in the recovery position to prevent vomit aspiration from excess. Memory blackouts are likely
Stimulants - Stimulants increase respiration rate which allows for a higher dose of opiates than would otherwise be used. If the stimulant wears off first then the opiate may overcome the user and cause respiratory arrest.
Benzodiazepines - Central nervous system and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically present. The two substances potentiate each other strongly and unpredictably, very rapidly leading to unconsciousness. While unconscious, vomit aspiration is a risk if not placed in the recovery position blackouts/memory loss likely.
DXM - Generally considered to be toxic. CNS depression, difficulty breathing, heart issues, and liver toxicity have been observed. Additionally if one takes DXM, their tolerance of opiates goes down slightly, thus causing additional synergistic effects.
GHB/GBL - The two substances potentiate each other strongly and unpredictably, very rapidly leading to unconsciousness. While unconscious, vomit aspiration is a risk if not placed in the recovery position
Ketamine - Both substances bring a risk of vomiting and unconsciousness. If the user falls unconscious while under the influence there is a severe risk of vomit aspiration if they are not placed in the recovery position.
MAOIs - Coadministration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) with certain opioids has been associated with rare reports of severe adverse reactions. There appear to be two types of interaction, an excitatory and a depressive one. Symptoms of the excitatory reaction may include agitation, headache, diaphoresis, hyperpyrexia, flushing, shivering, myoclonus, rigidity, tremor, diarrhea, hypertension, tachycardia, seizures, and coma. Death has occurred in some cases.
MXE - MXE can potentiate the effects of opioids but also increases the risk of respiratory depression and organ toxicity.
Nitrous - Both substances potentiate the ataxia and sedation caused by the other and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. While unconscious, vomit aspiration is a risk if not placed in the recovery position. Memory blackouts are common.
PCP - PCP may reduce opioid tolerance, increasing the risk of overdose.
Tramadol - Increased risk of seizures. Tramadol itself is known to induce seizures and it may have additive effects on seizure threshold with other opioids. Central nervous system- and/or respiratory-depressant effects may be additively or synergistically present.
Grapefruit - While grapefruit is not psychoactive, it may affect the metabolism of certain opioids. Tramadol, oxycodone, and fentanyl are all primarily metabolized by the enzyme CYP3A4, which is potently inhibited by grapefruit juice[2]. This may cause the drug to take longer to clear from the body. it may increase toxicity with repeated doses. Methadone may also be affected[2]. Codeine and hydrocodone are metabolized by CYP2D6. People who are on medicines that inhibit CYP2D6, or that lack the enzyme due to a genetic mutation will not respond to codeine as it can not be metabolized into its active product: morphine.
