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'''3-Hydroxyeticyclidine''' ('''3-HO-PCE''') is a novel [[psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] chemical class that has been reported to produce [[pain relief|anesthetic and anelgesic]] as well as [[hallucinogen]]ic effects. It has been speculated to be extremely potent with a dosage range of 0.5-2mg and is structurally related to [[3-MeO-PCE]] and [[3-HO-PCP]].
This compound induces a state referred to as "[[dissociative#subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]" when ingested.
'''3-Hydroxyeticyclidine''' (commonly known as '''3-HO-PCE''') is a novel synthetic [[Psychoactive class::dissociative]] substance of the [[Chemical class::arylcyclohexylamine]] chemical class. It produces potent, dose-sensitive [[dissociative]], [[hallucinogenic]] and [[euphoric]] effects when [[Routes of administration|administered]]. Unlike its close structural analog [[3-HO-PCP]], this compound has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.<ref name="PCP2MXE">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Morris, H.)), ((Wallach, J.)) | journal=Drug Testing and Analysis | title=From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs: PCP to MXE | volume=6 | issue=7–8 | pages=614–632 | date= July 2014 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1620 | issn=19427603 | doi=10.1002/dta.1620}}</ref>
Early reports indicate that 3-HO-PCE shares similar properties to that of [[3-HO-PCP]] and to a lesser extent, 3-MeO-PCE and 3-MeO-PCP.<ref>From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1620/abstract</ref>, but with what seems to be a moderately higher risk of inducing states of [[delusions]], [[mania]] and [[psychosis]]. Because of this, it is highly recommended to use [[responsible drug use]] practices when using this substance such as using a [[milligram scale]] (and preferably [[volumetric liquid dosing]]) as well as having a sober [[trip sitter]] present throughout the experience.
Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] given its structural relationship to [[3-HO-PCP]], which has been shown to display affinity for the [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] in animal models.<ref name="3HOPCEsar">{{cite journal | vauthors=((Kalir, A.)), ((Maayani, S.)), ((Rehavi, M.)), ((Elkavets, R.)), ((Pri-Bar, I.)), ((Buchman, O.)), ((Sokolovsky, M.)) | journal=Chemischer Informationsdienst | title=ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF SOME PHENCYCLIDINE DERIVATIVES- IN VIVO STUDIES IN MICE | volume=9 | issue=25 | date=20 June 1978 | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chin.197825192 | issn=00092975 | doi=10.1002/chin.197825192}}</ref> Whether it produces any of its theorized [[opioid]] effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion. If it does, 3-HO-PCE may pose unique risks relative to other dissociatives, particularly when it is redosed.
3-HO-PCE has recently become accessible through online [[research chemical]] vendors<ref name="one">3-HO-PCE (BlueLight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/632323-3-ho-pce</ref> where it is being sold as a [[designer drug]] replacement for [[MXE]] and other designer dissociatives.
Following other substances of its class, particularly [[methoxetamine]] (MXE), [[phencyclidine]] (PCP), and [[3-MeO-PCE]], it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "[[dissociatives#Subjective effects|dissociative anesthesia]]". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other [[dissociatives]], and its general effects profile has been characterized as "lying halfway between [[3-MeO-PCP]] and [[3-MeO-PCE]]."
There is a lack of data of the pharmacological properties, metabolism and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE. To date, there have been no analytical studies conducted on samples of 3-HO-PCE distributed through the grey market via independent laboratories.<ref name="PCP2MXE" /> Due to an unknown toxicity profile and likely similar habit-forming properties shared by other hydroxylanated arylcyclohexylamines, it is strongly recommended that one use proper [[harm reduction practices]] if choosing to use this substance.
==History and culture==
{{historyStub}}
On October 18, 2012 the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the United Kingdom released a report about methoxetamine, saying that the "harms of methoxetamine are commensurate with Class B of the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971)", despite the fact that the act does not classify drugs based on harm. The report went on to suggest that all analogues of MXE should also become class B drugs and suggested a catch-all clause covering both existing and unresearched arylcyclohexamines, which includes 3-HO-PCE.<ref>"[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/119087/methoxetamine2012.pdf (ACMD) Methoxetamine Report (2012)]" (PDF). UK Home Office. 2012-10-18. p. 14. Retrieved 2015-06-24.</ref>
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[File:Ach base.png|thumb|150px|right|Generic structure of arylcyclohexylamine molecule]]
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the [[arylcyclohexylamine]] class. The structure of 3-HO-PCE is comprised of cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional groups at R<sub>1</sub>. One of these an ethyl chain bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R<sub>3</sub> with a hydroxy group.
{{chemistry}}
3-HO-PCE is an analog of [[PCE]] and structurally homologous to [[3-MeO-PCE]].
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Main|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
{{Further|NMDA receptor antagonist}}
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based on its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[arylcyclohexylamine]] [[dissociative]]s such as [[PCP]] and [[ketamine]]. With this in mind, 3-HO-PCE is thought to act as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]]. NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually this substance's equivalent of the “[[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|K-hole]].”
While no formal studies have been conducted, 3-HO-PCE likely acts principally as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]].<ref name="3HOPCEsar" />
The NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) receptor, a specific subtype of [[glutamate]] receptor, modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open.
Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.{{citation needed}}
There is ongoing speculation as to whether this compound possesses [[μ-opioid]] receptor activity due to its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which has been found to have appreciable affinity as a [[μ-opioid]] [[receptor]] [[agonist]] in animal models.<ref name="3HOPCEsar" />
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{effectStub}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]'''
|{{effects/physical|
The physical effects of this substance have been reported to be relatively unpronounced or difficult to detect.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' & '''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]''' - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and [[pain relief|anesthesia]].
*'''[[Effect::Pain relief]]''' - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only at higher doses.
*'''[[Motor control loss]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt gravity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Spatial disorientation]]''' - In contrast to other dissociatives like ketamine, this effect is only prominent at high doses.
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Respiratory depression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Physical autonomy]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Olfactory hallucinations]]
*'''[[Effect::Optical sliding]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dehydration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Dizziness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motor control loss]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, or fatigued.
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of decreased weight]]'''
}}
*'''[[Effect::Physical autonomy]]'''
{{effects/disconnective|
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]'''
The disconnective effects of this compound appear to be less prominent compared to dissociatives like [[ketamine]] or [[MXE]]. They seem to not occur at common doses and may only occur at levels that may be accompanied by potentially dangerous side effects.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tactile suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Orgasm suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
===Cognitive effects===
*'''[[Effect::Amnesia]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Consciousness disconnection]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]''' - This effect is more prominent based on the route of administration used. For example, it is especially present when smoked or vaporized, due to the relative abruptness of the substance entering and leaving the bloodstream.
*'''[[Effect::Compulsive redosing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Creativity enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Mania]]''' - This effect is reportedly more common on 3-HO-PCE than most other dissociatives.
*'''[[Effect::Visual disconnection]]''' - This eventually results in 3-HO-PCE's equivalent of the famous "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-hole k-hole]" or, more specifically, ''[[Visual disconnection#Holes, spaces and voids|holes, spaces and voids]]'' alongside of ''[[Visual disconnection#Structures|structures]]''.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity suppression]]''' - While lower doses of this compound may produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
====Hallucinatory states====
}}
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
}}
===Experience reports===
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]]. Additional experience reports can be found here:
{{Main|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{toxicity}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-HO-PCE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the [[Toxicity::exact toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-HO-PCE has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 3-HO-PCE within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-HO-PCE use has not been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dosage is unknown]]. This is because 3-HO-PCE has a very short history of human usage.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Psychosis===
Early reports have characterized the chronic use of 3-HO-PCE as [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a moderate potential for adverse side effects such as psychosis]]. In comparison to other [[dissociatives]], 3-HO-PCE has been reported to be more potentially habit-forming than [[MXE]], [[diphenidine]], [[ephenidine]], [[DCK]], and [[ketamine]]. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
3-HO-PCE has been reported to cause [[psychosis]], [[delusions]], and [[mania]] at a significantly higher rate than other [[dissociative]]s such as [[ketamine]], [[diphenidine]], or [[MXE]]. There are a large number of experience reports online which describe states of "psychotic delirium, amnesia, mania, and other serious consequences" after abusing the drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use extreme caution and [[responsible drug use|harm reduction]] practices when using this substance.
*Users should avoid using the substance multiple days in a row or becoming addicted to it as this increases the risk of severe adverse effects.
*The recommended dosage range should not be exceeded as high doses can trigger these effects as well.
*Users should start with extremely low doses and work their way up as slowly as possible. [[Volumetric liquid dosing|Volumetric liquid dosing]] should preferably be used due to the drug's potency; most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.<ref>3-MeO-PCE (TripSit) | https://wiki.tripsit.me/wiki/3-MeO-PCE</ref>
*[[Compulsive redosing]] before one has fully sobered up is not recommended and can result in too high of a dose.
Due to the risk of psychosis, it is not recommended to combine this drug with other substances, especially [[stimulant]]s, [[psychedelic]]s, or other [[dissociative]]s like [[MXE]]. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-HO-PCE is expected to develop [[Time to full tolerance::with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::4 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-HO-PCE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-HO-PCE, all [[dissociatives]] will have a reduced effect.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one exercise extreme caution and [[responsible drug use|harm reduction]] practices when using this substance.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
*Users should avoid taking the drug multiple days in a row or becoming dependent/addicted to it as this seems to be the main common factor in the observed incidences of severe adverse effects.
As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of 3-HO-PCE can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
*The recommended dosage range should not be exceeded as high doses can trigger these effects as well.
*Users should start with extremely low doses and work their way up as slowly as possible. [[Volumetric liquid dosing|Volumetric liquid dosing]] should preferably be used due to the substance's potency; most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.<ref>3-HO-PCE (Tripsit) | https://wiki.tripsit.me/wiki/3-HO-PCE</ref>
*[[Compulsive redosing]] before one has fully sobered up is not recommended and can result in too high of a dose, which can potentially produce serious adverse physical side effects.
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-HO-PCE [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-HO-PCE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dissociative]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-HO-PCE all [[dissociative]]s will have a reduced effect.
Due to the risk of psychosis, it is not recommended to combine this drug with other substances, especially [[stimulants]], [[psychedelics]], or other [[dissociatives]]. [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
===Urinary tract effects===
===Urinary tract effects===
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and with excess for extended periods of time, 3-HO-PCE seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within [[ketamine]] but to a lesser extent. This is because 3-HO-PCE is a little more potent than ketamine, meaning that less of the drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, 3-HO-PCE is likely to exhibit similar bladder and urinary tract problems to those produced by [[ketamine]], albeit to a lesser extent. This has been speculated to be due to the fact 3-HO-PCE is far more potent than ketamine so significantly less of material needs to be consumed. Symptoms of dissociative-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
*'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
*'''Urinary frequency''' - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
*'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
*'''Urinary urgency''' - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
*'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
*'''Urinary pressure''' - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
*'''Pelvic and bladder pain''' - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
*'''Pelvic and bladder pain''' - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
*'''Hematuria''' - Hematuria is visible blood in the urine.
*'''Hematuria''' - This is visible blood in the urine.
*'''Incontinence''' - This is the leakage of urine.
*'''Incontinence''' - This is the leakage of urine.
All of these, however, can easily be avoided by simply not using 3-HO-PCE on a daily or even weekly basis and manually limiting one's usage of the substance.
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Dissos}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Dissos}}
==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
{{LegalStub}}
{{legalStub}}
*'''United Kingdom''' - 3-HO-PCE is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. It is likely covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made</ref>
*'''Germany:''' 3-HO-PCE is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': 3-HO-PCE is not a controlled substance for research purposes. It is illegal to consume.
*'''Switzerland:''' 3-HO-PCE is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey:''' 3-HO-PCE is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.<ref>Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı CK Karar Sayısı : 1335 | https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190720-19.pdf</ref>
*'''United Kingdom:''' 3-HO-PCE is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As a derivative of 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine where the amine has been replaced with a 1-piperidyl group, further substituted in the phenyl ring with a hydroxy substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2013 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/239/introduction/made}}</ref>
*[http://bluelight.org/vb/threads/812314-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-HO-PCE-Thread The Big & Dandy 3-HO-PCE Thread (Bluelight)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170111011440*/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704-v18n2 Interview with a Ketamine Chemist (VICE)]
==Literature==
==Literature==
* Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
*Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
3-Hydroxyeticyclidine (commonly known as 3-HO-PCE) is a novel synthetic dissociative substance of the arylcyclohexylamine chemical class. It produces potent, dose-sensitive dissociative, hallucinogenic and euphoric effects when administered. Unlike its close structural analog 3-HO-PCP, this compound has no precedent in the scientific literature before being offered on the research chemicals market in the 2010s.[1]
Early discussions of this compound have revolved around whether it possesses an appreciable affinity for the μ-opioidreceptor given its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which has been shown to display affinity for the μ-opioidreceptor in animal models.[2] Whether it produces any of its theorized opioid effects in humans is the subject of ongoing discussion. If it does, 3-HO-PCE may pose unique risks relative to other dissociatives, particularly when it is redosed.
Following other substances of its class, particularly methoxetamine (MXE), phencyclidine (PCP), and 3-MeO-PCE, it is speculated to to be able to induce a state known as "dissociative anesthesia". Early reports suggest that this state is difficult to reach relative to other dissociatives, and its general effects profile has been characterized as "lying halfway between 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MeO-PCE."
There is a lack of data of the pharmacological properties, metabolism and toxicity of 3-HO-PCE. To date, there have been no analytical studies conducted on samples of 3-HO-PCE distributed through the grey market via independent laboratories.[1] Due to an unknown toxicity profile and likely similar habit-forming properties shared by other hydroxylanated arylcyclohexylamines, it is strongly recommended that one use proper harm reduction practices if choosing to use this substance.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
On October 18, 2012 the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the United Kingdom released a report about methoxetamine, saying that the "harms of methoxetamine are commensurate with Class B of the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971)", despite the fact that the act does not classify drugs based on harm. The report went on to suggest that all analogues of MXE should also become class B drugs and suggested a catch-all clause covering both existing and unresearched arylcyclohexamines, which includes 3-HO-PCE.[3]
Chemistry
3-HO-PCE, or 3-hydroxyeticyclidine, is a synthetic dissociative of the arylcyclohexylamine class. The structure of 3-HO-PCE is comprised of cyclohexane, a six-member saturated ring, bonded to two additional groups at R1. One of these an ethyl chain bonded at its nitrogen group. The other ring is an aromatic phenyl ring, substituted at R3 with a hydroxy group.
3-HO-PCE is an analog of PCE and structurally homologous to 3-MeO-PCE.
While no formal studies have been conducted, 3-HO-PCE likely acts principally as an NMDA receptor antagonist.[2]
The NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate) receptor, a specific subtype of glutamate receptor, modulates the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal cord; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open.
Dissociatives inhibit the normal functioning NMDA receptors by binding to and blocking them. This disruption of neural network activity leads to loss of normal cognitive and affective processing, psychomotor functioning, anesthesia.[citation needed]
There is ongoing speculation as to whether this compound possesses μ-opioid receptor activity due to its structural relationship to 3-HO-PCP, which has been found to have appreciable affinity as a μ-opioidreceptoragonist in animal models.[2]
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
The physical effects of this substance have been reported to be relatively unpronounced or difficult to detect.
Tactile enhancement & Tactile suppression - At lower dosages, this compound tends to induce tactile enhancements. At higher dosages, this enhancement shifts towards tactile suppressions and anesthesia.
Pain relief - This substance produces distinct nerve-signal blocking anesthetic effects typically required in surgical settings, but only at higher doses.
Seizure - This extent to which this effect can be produced is unknown but can likely happen in those predisposed to them, especially while in physically taxing conditions such as being dehydrated, undernourished, overheated, or fatigued.
The disconnective effects of this compound appear to be less prominent compared to dissociatives like ketamine or MXE. They seem to not occur at common doses and may only occur at levels that may be accompanied by potentially dangerous side effects.
Compulsive redosing - This effect is more prominent based on the route of administration used. For example, it is especially present when smoked or vaporized, due to the relative abruptness of the substance entering and leaving the bloodstream.
Visual acuity suppression - While lower doses of this compound may produce mild visual acuity enhancements, this effect quickly disappears as one's general visual faculties become suppressed as the dose is increase.
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 3-HO-PCE use has not been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 3-HO-PCE has a very short history of human usage.
Tolerance and addiction potential
Early reports have characterized the chronic use of 3-HO-PCE as moderately addictive with a moderate potential for adverse side effects such as psychosis. In comparison to other dissociatives, 3-HO-PCE has been reported to be more potentially habit-forming than MXE, diphenidine, ephenidine, DCK, and ketamine. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of 3-HO-PCE is expected to develop with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 4 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 3-HO-PCE presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all dissociatives]], meaning that after the consumption of 3-HO-PCE, all dissociatives will have a reduced effect.
It is strongly recommended that one exercise extreme caution and harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Users should avoid taking the drug multiple days in a row or becoming dependent/addicted to it as this seems to be the main common factor in the observed incidences of severe adverse effects.
The recommended dosage range should not be exceeded as high doses can trigger these effects as well.
Users should start with extremely low doses and work their way up as slowly as possible. Volumetric liquid dosing should preferably be used due to the substance's potency; most standard milligram scales cannot accurately weigh out doses below 10-15mg.[4]
Compulsive redosing before one has fully sobered up is not recommended and can result in too high of a dose, which can potentially produce serious adverse physical side effects.
Due to the risk of psychosis, it is not recommended to combine this drug with other substances, especially stimulants, psychedelics, or other dissociatives. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Urinary tract effects
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and excessively for extended periods of time, 3-HO-PCE is likely to exhibit similar bladder and urinary tract problems to those produced by ketamine, albeit to a lesser extent. This has been speculated to be due to the fact 3-HO-PCE is far more potent than ketamine so significantly less of material needs to be consumed. Symptoms of dissociative-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
Urinary frequency - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
Urinary urgency - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
Urinary pressure - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
Pelvic and bladder pain - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
Hematuria - This is visible blood in the urine.
Incontinence - This is the leakage of urine.
Dangerous interactions
Stimulants - Both stimulants and dissociatives carry the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, mania, delusions and psychosis and these risks are exacerbated when the two substances are combined.
Depressants - Because both depress the respiratory system, this combination can result in an increased risk of suddenly falling unconscious, vomiting and choking to death from the resulting suffocation. If nausea or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it.
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Germany: 3-HO-PCE is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[5] as of July 18, 2019.[6] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[7]
Sweden: 3-HO-PCE is not a controlled substance for research purposes. It is illegal to consume.
Switzerland: 3-HO-PCE is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.[8]
Turkey: 3-HO-PCE is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.[9]
United Kingdom: 3-HO-PCE is a class B drug in the UK and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. As a derivative of 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine where the amine has been replaced with a 1-piperidyl group, further substituted in the phenyl ring with a hydroxy substituent, it is covered by the arylcyclohexylamine generic clause added to the Misuse of Drugs Act by S.I. 2013/239, which came into effect on the 26th February 2013.[10]
Morris, H., & Wallach, J. (2014). From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 6(7–8), 614–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1620
↑"Anlage NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑"§ 4 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
