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'''Hexedrone''' is a novel synthetic [[psychoactive class::stimulant]] of the [[chemical class::cathinone]] class. It has been speculated to act as a [[norepinephrine]]-[[dopamine]]-[[reuptake inhibitor|reuptake-inhibitor]] (NDRI).
'''Hexedrone''' is a [[research chemical]] [[Stimulant|stimulant]] that falls within the [[Cathinone|cathinone]] category. Considering its effects and its structure being closely related to [[Pentedrone]], this too is likely to be an [[Norepinephrine]]-[[Dopamine]]-[[Reuptake inhibitor|reuptake-inhibitor]] (NDRI). However, these assumptions have not already been confirmed, due to insufficient research.
[[Subjective effects]] include [[stimulation]], [[disinhibition]], [[thought acceleration]] and [[euphoria]].
Due to the lack of research along with only little experience-based information, the presented data might turn out to have some inaccuracies. This should especially be taken into consideration when interpreting the dosage information.
Little is known about toxicity, addiction, and abuse potential of hexedrone. Due to its novelty and extremely short history of human usage, all information related to the use of this compound should be treated with caution.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Hexedrone is a [[Cathinone|substituted cathinone]], which is closely related to [[Amphetamines|amphetamines]], but have a ß-substituted ketone group as well. Relative to regular cathinone, which can be found in the Khat plant, hexedrone consists of two added substitutions. At the R<sub>2</sub> position, a n-Butyl substitution forms a hexan chain. The second substitution is a Methyl group, that's attached to the amine (R<sub>4</sub>), thus forming N-Methyl.
Hexedrone is a [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]], which is closely related to [[Amphetamines|amphetamines]], but have a ß-substituted ketone group as well. Relative to regular cathinone, which can be found in the Khat plant, hexedrone consists of two added substitutions. At the R<sub>2</sub> position, a n-Butyl substitution forms a hexan chain. The second substitution is a Methyl group, that's attached to the amine (R<sub>4</sub>), thus forming N-Methyl.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[cathinone]]s such as [[Pentedrone|pentedrone]] and others. Hexedrone most likely acts as both a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. This allows [[Dopamine|dopamine]] and [[Norepinephrine|norepinephrine]] to build up within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects.
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other [[Substituted cathinone|cathinone]]s such as [[Pentedrone|pentedrone]] and others. Hexedrone most likely acts as both a [[dopamine]] and [[norepinephrine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]]. This allows [[Dopamine|dopamine]] and [[Norepinephrine|norepinephrine]] to build up within the brain, resulting in [[stimulation|stimulating]] and [[physical euphoria|euphoric]] effects.
The decreased potency, compared to both pentedrone as well as [[Ethyl-Hexedrone|ethyl-hexedrone]] can be easily explained. Compared to pentedrone, there's a larger non-polar side chain. Ethyl-hexedrone has an ethyl group, instead of a methyl, which results in a significantly shifted electronegativity.
The decreased potency, compared to both pentedrone as well as [[Ethyl-Hexedrone|ethyl-hexedrone]] can be easily explained. Compared to pentedrone, there is a larger non-polar side chain. Ethyl-hexedrone has an ethyl group, instead of a methyl, which results in a significantly shifted electronegativity.
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
===Physical effects===
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - High doses of hexedrone result in a pleasurable body high characterized by pleasant tingling.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - High doses of hexedrone result in a pleasurable body high characterized by pleasant tingling.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, hexedrone can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, hexedrone can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic.
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*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Effect::Teeth grinding]]''' - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of [[MDMA]].
===Cognitive effects===
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria|Euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
===After effects===
}}
{{effects/aftereffects|
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
The effects which occur during the [[offset]] of a [[stimulant]] experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its [[peak]]. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of [[neurotransmitter]] depletion. Its effects commonly include:
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]'''
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*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
}}
}}
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==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{Main|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
{{Further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential}}
Since hexedrone has been insufficiently studied and most data consists of speculation and user experiences, one should be cautious when it comes to the risks and harm. Especially long term effects could turn out to consist of serious health hazards.
Since hexedrone has been insufficiently studied and most data consists of speculation and user experiences, one should be especially cautious when it comes to the risks and harm this substance may pose, especially in terms of seriouslong-term health hazards.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
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===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of Hexedrone can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
As with other [[stimulant]]s, the chronic use of Hexedrone can be considered [[Addiction potential::moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse]] and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and [[withdrawal effects]] may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of Hexedrone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Hexedrone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of Hexedrone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
Tolerance to many of the effects of hexedrone [[Time to full tolerance::develops with prolonged and repeated use]]. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::3 - 7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 - 2 weeks]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Hexedrone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[dopamine]]rgic [[stimulant]]s]], meaning that after the consumption of Hexedrone all [[stimulant]]s will have a reduced effect.
==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
{{LegalStub}}
{{LegalStub}}
*'''UK:'''In the UK, Hexedrone is a Class B drug under The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 following the ACMD's report on substituted cathinone derivatives,[1] making it illegal to sell, buy, or possess without a license.[2][3]
*'''Brazil''': On September 7, 2018, all Cathinone analogues are controlled substances considered illegal to possess, use and distribute. This was made possible due to a blanket ban law appended to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.<ref>New blanket ban on synthetic illegal drugs is approved (Portuguese) | http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/noticias/-/asset_publisher/FXrpx9qY7FbU/content/combate-a-drogas-ilicitas-sinteticas-fica-mais-facil</ref>
*'''Germany''': Hexedrone is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of November 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl116s2615.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl116s2615.pdf%27%5D__1576017393518|title=Gesetz zur Bekämpfung der Verbreitung neuer psychoaktiver Stoffe|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz|access-date=December 23, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': Hexedrone can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': Hexedrone is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/1207/made}}</ref>
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Little is known about toxicity, addiction, and abuse potential of hexedrone. Due to its novelty and extremely short history of human usage, all information related to the use of this compound should be treated with caution.
Hexedrone is a cathinone, which is closely related to amphetamines, but have a ß-substituted ketone group as well. Relative to regular cathinone, which can be found in the Khat plant, hexedrone consists of two added substitutions. At the R2 position, a n-Butyl substitution forms a hexan chain. The second substitution is a Methyl group, that's attached to the amine (R4), thus forming N-Methyl.
Pharmacology
Due to the lack of research regarding the substance, all discussion regarding the pharmacology of it is purely based upon its structure and subjective effect similarities to other cathinones such as pentedrone and others. Hexedrone most likely acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrinereuptake inhibitor. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to build up within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.
The decreased potency, compared to both pentedrone as well as ethyl-hexedrone can be easily explained. Compared to pentedrone, there is a larger non-polar side chain. Ethyl-hexedrone has an ethyl group, instead of a methyl, which results in a significantly shifted electronegativity.
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Spontaneous tactile sensations - High doses of hexedrone result in a pleasurable body high characterized by pleasant tingling.
Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, hexedrone can be considered to be extremely stimulating and energetic.
Dehydration - Dry mouth and increased sweating can occur after consuming hexedrone. Low doses of the substance in question cause minimal dehydration.
Vasoconstriction - Hexedrone can be considered slightly vasoconstricting.
The effects which occur during the offset of a stimulant experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its peak. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of neurotransmitter depletion. Its effects commonly include:
Since hexedrone has been insufficiently studied and most data consists of speculation and user experiences, one should be especially cautious when it comes to the risks and harm this substance may pose, especially in terms of seriouslong-term health hazards.
As with other stimulants, the chronic use of Hexedrone can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of hexedrone develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Hexedrone presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all dopaminergicstimulants]], meaning that after the consumption of Hexedrone all stimulants will have a reduced effect.
As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
Brazil: On September 7, 2018, all Cathinone analogues are controlled substances considered illegal to possess, use and distribute. This was made possible due to a blanket ban law appended to Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.[1]
Germany: Hexedrone is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[2] as of November 26, 2016.[3] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[4]
Switzerland: Hexedrone can be considered a controlled substance as a defined derivative of Cathinone under Verzeichnis E point 1. It is legal when used for scientific or industrial use.[5]
United Kingdom: Hexedrone is a Class B drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the cathinone catch-all clause.[6]
