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Comparison of darknet markets: Difference between revisions

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The purpose of this comparison is to keep an overview about the constantly changing phenomenon of darknet markets. The comparison in durability, success and security shall enable people to ''evaluate markets and make independent decisions'' before using them.
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A '''darknet market''' (also known as a '''DNM''') is a website operating in a darknet (e.g., Freenet, I2P, TOR) through which goods and services (typically drugs) are traded. The legal status of the traded goods depends varies from country to country. The purpose of this comparison is to provide an overview of the constantly changing phenomenon of darknet markets. The comparison in durability, success, and security should enable people to ''evaluate markets and make independent decisions'' before using them.
 
[[File:Silkroadlogo.jpeg|150px|thumbnail|right|The "Silk Road" (founded 2011-01-31) was the first known darknet market. With the combination of TOR, Bitcoin and PGP it established the central market scheme.]]
 
According to their major features and design, at least five archetypes of marketplaces can be distinguished.
# '''Forum Markets'''. These are basically forums where vendors present their products, customers post feedback and have discussions. These markets neither have an online shopping interface nor a reputation or escrow system. Trusted members of the community may act as escrow agents.
# '''Centralized Markets'''. The original "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29 Silkroad]" was the first of this kind. Buyers and vendors have their bitcoins in an online wallet which is controlled by the markets admin and therefore rely totally on the good will of the markets admins. Several big scams have happened in the past in which millions of dollars (in bitcoin) were stolen.
# '''Multi-Signature Markets'''. In this type of market, funds will be deposited in a multi-signature wallet. At least three parties (usually: buyer, vendor, market admin) have the control over these wallets. Two of them have to agree to release the funds. The most elaborate marketplace of this kind was "The Marketplace". Second generation marketplaces have yet to gain serious market share.
# '''Decentralized Markets'''. There are some projects which are currently developing software to host drug marketplaces in a distributed manner. As of 2017, they have yet to be adopted by the darknet market community.
# Beside that some vendors maintain their own '''single vendor web shop'''. These won’t be listed here because they are too numerous and there is no way of protecting against scams. Some vendor shops are listed here: https://dnstats.net/vendor-shops/1 .
 
All markets are hosted either as Tor Hidden Services (Onion Sites), i2p sites (eepsites) or another kind of p2p or darknet. Therefore they can not be accessed with a normal web browser.
 
== Centralized markets ==
[[File:User.svg|40px|left]]
All these markets have a certain concept in common. There is a staff team which is maintaining a website as an onion or eepsite in TOR or I2P. They offer all the features to vendors and buyers. They take some % of every transaction as commission for their own profit and often take a bond of vendors to prevent scammers off signing up. Their definite trait is that the admin has the absolute power over the users funds.


== Current Markets==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
|-
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subreddit
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subdread
! Date of Opening
! Date of Opening
! No. of Listings
! # of listings
! Registration
! Registration
! 2-Factor-Authentification
! 2-Factor-Authentification
! Escrow System
! Java Script
! Java Script, use of
! PGP
! PGP enforced
! Incidents
! Security Incidents
! Cryptocoins
! Wallet Clearing
|-
|-
| ''' Agora''' <br /> (http://agorahooawayyfoe.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://lacbzxobeprssrfx.onion) <br /> Subreddit <br /> ([https://www.reddit.com/r/AgMarketplace /r/AgMarketplace])
| '''Alphabay''' <br /> (http://alphabay522szl32u4ci5e3iokdsyth56ei7rwngr2wm7i5jo54j2eid.onion) <br /> (http://tnaefzkcnhryeusi7hdpqujqiqmnbtah3dmjcg3gvezohunjuxbq.b32.i2p) <br /> Forum <br /> (?) <br /> Subdread <br /> (http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Alphabay)
| 2013-12-05
| 2021-08-10
| +14000 <br />
| ?
| style="background: #FFC65D" | [http://agorahooawayyfoe.onion/register/BCy4XycsxA Invite Only]
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #F99" | finalize early, central
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
|-
| ''' BlackBank''' <br /> (http://wztyb7vlfcw6l4xd.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://kth2mwuwlkezwziy.onion) <br /> Subreddit <br /> ([https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackBank /r/BlackBank])
| 2014-01-31
| ~700
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #FFC65D" | finalize early, central, multi-signature
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
|-
| '''Evolution''' <br /> (http://k5zq47j6wd3wdvjq.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://i25c62nvu4cgeqyz.onion) <br /> Subreddit <br /> ([https://www.reddit.com/r/EvolutionMarket /r/EvolutionMarket])
| 2013-12-28
| ~17500
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #FFC65D" | finalize early, central, multi-signature
| style="background: #F99" | Yes<ref>https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/alphabay-takedown</ref>
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| XMR
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
|-
|-
| '''Middle Earth''' <br /> (http://mango7u3rivtwxy7.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://mango7u3rivtwxy7.onion/talks/) <br /> Subreddit <br /> -
| '''Dark0de Reborn / Darkode Reborn''' <br /> (http://darkodemard3wjoe63ld6zebog73ncy77zb2iwjtdjam4xwvpjmjitid.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://darkodefoctohioo6eof3qh2vjpgvuial7doxeaqyfoqwpaujfyxdoid.onion/) <br /> Subdread <br /> (http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Dark0deReborn)
| 2014-06-22
| 2020-05-26
| ~1000
| ?
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #FFC65D" | finalize early, central
| style="background: #FFC65D" | optional
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
|-
| '''Nucleus Market''' <br /> http://nucleuspf3izq7o6.onion/  <br /> Forum  <br /> http://z34uj4opd3tejafn.onion/ <br /> Subreddit  <br /> [https://www.reddit.com/r/NucleusMarket /r/NucleusMarket]
| 2014-10-24
| ~2500
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #F99" | finalize early, central
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| BTC, XMR
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| ?
|-
|-
| '''Outlaw Market''' <br /> (http://outfor6jwcztwbpd.onion/) <br /> Forum <br /> http://outforumbpapnpqr.onion <br /> Subreddit <br /> -
| 2014-02-04
| ~500
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #F99" | finalize early, central
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| ?
| style="background: #F99" | yes <ref>http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/08/01/outlaw-market-down-possibily-compromised/</ref>
| ?
|-
| '''Panacea Flower Sanctuary''' <br /> http://panaceaz4give75l.onion <br /> Forum <br /> http://flower777wpnxpkj.onion/ <br /> Subreddit <br /> [https://www.reddit.com/r/Panacea /r/Panacea]
| 2014-10-27
| ~120
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #FFC65D" | finalize early, "seamless" multi-signature
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| {{no}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| -
|}
|}


Line 98: Line 57:
! Criterion
! Criterion
! Explanation
! Explanation
|-
| '''Marketplace'''
| The name of the marketplace.
|-
|-
| '''2-Factor-Authentification'''
| '''2-Factor-Authentification'''
| With 2-factor authentification you need to decrypt a with your private PGP key. This feature avoids successful phishing of your name and password.
| With 2-factor authentification, one needs to decrypt with a private PGP key. This feature avoids successful phishing of one's name and password.
|-
|-
| '''Account Deletion Option'''
| Can you delete your account on the marketplace?
|-
|-
| '''Automatic Worst-Case Procedure'''  
| '''Java Script'''  
| Will the site automatically shutdown if i.e. for a certain amount of time no admin is logging in?
|Some people consider Javascript a security risk. Some sites force you to turn it off before entering their site.
|-
|-
| '''Escrow System, Type of'''  
| '''PGP'''  
| Escrow should ensure neither buyers nor vendors scam each other. No escrow increases the probability vendors or customers scam each other. On-site wallets decreases this risk but unfortunately were abused in the past to steal bitcoins from users by hackers or admins (Atlantis, Project Blag Flag, Sheep, Silkroad 2.0). With Multi-Signature-Wallets 2 of 3 people (Market Admin, Vendor, Customer) must agree to the release of the money in escrow.
| Is the use of PGP encryption obligatory in private messages? It typically is not, but writing unencrypted messages may expose personal details to the market admins and law enforcement agencies.
|-
|-
| '''Java Script Disable (Forced)'''  
| '''Incidents'''  
|Many people consider Javascript as a securtiy risk. Some sites force you to turn it off before entering their site.
| Bitcoins disappeared? Team members busted? Page hacked? Did anything happen what undermines the credibility and professionalism of the people who run the marketplace?
|-
|-
|'''Open Source Software'''
| Is the software of the site Open Source (i.e. BitWasp [http://bitwasp.co/]). Open Source Software is available for security assessment by external persons.
|-
| '''PGP in PMs (Forced)'''
| Is the use of PGP obligatory in private messages? Writing unencrypted messages endangers you and other people.
|-
| '''Security Incidents'''
| Bitcoins disappeared? Team members busted? Page hacked?
|-
| '''Wallet Clearing (after finished Escrow)'''
| Will your on site wallet be cleared if all transactions are finalized? With Multi-Signature Wallets a unique address is created for every transaction. Only the exact amount if money is required.
|}
|}


====Minor Markets====
== Multi-signature markets ==
(need to be integrated into chart or moved to dead marketplaces)
[[File:Users.svg|40px|left]]


* Dream Market: [http://ltxocqh4nvwkofil.onion/?ai=3166 http://ltxocqh4nvwkofil.onion]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
* The Majestic Garden: http://2mybnercfcums5lj.onion Forum: http://bm26rwk32m7u7rec.onion
* RAMP: http://ramp2bombkadwvgz.onion
* Silkroad Reloaded: http://silkroadreloaded.i2p
* Ukrainian Psy Community: http://psyco42coib33wfl.onion
*[http://abraxasdegupusel.onion Abraxas]
*[http://fiftyonecrklhzhe.onion Area51]
 
==Dead Markets==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
|-
! Name
! Name, Adress, Forum, Subdread
! Forum
! Date of Opening
! Date of Opening
! Date of Shutdown
! # of listings
! Reason of Shutdown
! Registration
|-  
! 2-Factor-Authentification
| '''Alpaca Marketplace''' <br />  (http://alpaca7bcqv2rnu3.onion)
! Java Script
| yes </br> http://nexus6crq6vc7piw.onion
! PGP
| ?
! Security Incidents
| ?
! Cryptocoins
| ?
|-
| '''Andromeda'''  <br /> (http://andromedam363aux.onion/)
| yes <br /> (http://andromedam363aux.onion/forums.php)
| 2014-04-11
| 2014-11-18
| Scam
|-
| '''Atlantis'''  <br /> (http://atlantisrky4es5q.onion/)
| yes <br /> (http://atlmlxbk2mbupwgr.onion/)
| 2013-03-??
| 2013-09-20
| Scam
|-
|-
| '''Black Goblin Marketplace''' <br /> (http://ua4aptglh45m5p6b.onion)
| '''The Versus Project''' <br /> (http://q2f7swt5yvbhciqqbbsidufu2vtkv6ivwy6g5i5ukejjlb2jeghd2had.onion) <br /> (http://pqqmr3p3tppwqvvapi6fa7jowrehgd36ct6lzr26qqormaqvh6gt4jyd.onion) <br /> Forum <br /> (http://q2f7swt5yvbhciqqbbsidufu2vtkv6ivwy6g5i5ukejjlb2jeghd2had.onion/forum) <br /> Subdread <br /> (http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Versus)
| no
| 2019-11-02
| ?
| ?
| ?
| style="background: #90FF90" | Open
| {{yes}}
| style="background: #9F9" | No
| ?
| ?
| style="background: #F99" | Yes
| BTC, XMR
|}
== Forum markets ==
[[File:Comments-o.svg|40px|left]] These websites are based on ordinary forum software. There is no cart, wallet or escrow provided. Transactions usually happen directly between vendor and customer.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"
|-
|-
| '''Black Market Reloaded V1-V3'''  <br /> (http://r6rcmz6lga4i5vb4.onion/)
! Name, Address
| yes <br /> (http://fec33nz6mhzd54zj.onion/)
! Date of Opening
| 2012-08-??
! Registration
| ?
! Java Script
| Turned off voluntarily. Claimed to come back after consolidation of the darknet market situation.
! Incidents
|-
! Notes
| '''Black Services Market''' (BSM)  <br /> (http://thebsm6okkbx7fik.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://fec33nz6mhzd54zj.onion/)
| 2013-12-12
| 2014-??-??
| ?
|-
| '''Blue Sky Store''' <br /> (http://blueskyplzv4fsti.onion/)
| no
| 2013-12-04
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''Breaking Bad Marketplace''' <br /> (http://breakingnartglxd.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Cannabis Road V1''' <br /> (http://ji4wrifhsnawaw7t.onion)
| no
| 2014-02-03
| 2014-02-07
| ?
|-
| '''Cannabis Road V3''' <br /> (http://cannabiskofvl7pa.onion/)
| yes <br /> (http://forumzxmoorof4ja.onion)
| 2014-03-28
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''Cantina Marketplace''' <br /> (http://vsudl2g3em6qhcw4.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Cloud-Nine'''<br /> (http://bviaqyj6obc54vhn.onion)
| no
| 2014-02-11
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''DarkBay''' <br /> (http://darkbay4rwgvdkqn.onion/index/zvuz6m)
| yes <br /> (http://7y26aczl3wdyujkc.onion/index.php)
| 2014-02-26
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''DeepBay''' <br /> (http://deepbay4xr3sw2va.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''DogeRoad''' <br /> http://dogeroadiqt6olb6.onion
| yes </br> http://dogeroadqmu2yzcg.onion
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
|-
| '''Drug List''' <br /> (http://drugslisvdknitqd.onion/)
| '''DarbeTürk''' <br /> (https://darbeturk.net)
| yes <br /> (http://drugslisvdknitqd.onion/forum)
| 2005-??-??
| 2014-01-30
| style="background: #FFC65D" | Paid Only
| 2014-05-01
| style="background: #F99" | Yes
| voluntarily
| style="background: #F99" | Yes <br /> (They were government supporter hacker team before 2015)
|-
| Turkish Underground Forum
| '''DrugMarket''' <br /> http://4yjes6zfucnh7vcj.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Freebay''' <br /> (http://freebay3yxuebsog.onion/)
| no
| 2013-11-07
| 2014-02-28
| voluntary
|-
| '''Flo Market''' <br /> (http://fmkt3wixc772jxyj.onion)
| no
| 2013-12-01
| 2014-01-04
| [http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/01/09/flomarket-admin-im-not-a-scammer-an-exculsive-interview/ Shutdown after Hack] (or Scam)
|-
| '''Greyroad''' <br /> (http://greyroaderw4qymd.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Hydra''' <br /> (http://hydrampvvnunildl.onion/)
| yes <br /> (http://hydrafmchvpq5yc6.onion/)
| 2014-04-12
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''Litebay''' <br /> (http://litebay7vp5pm77f.onion/)
| no
| 2013-12-06
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Pandora''' <br /> (http://pandorajodqp5zrr.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://bl3j73taluhwidx5.onion/)
| 2013-10-28
| 2014-08-19
| scam
|-
| '''Pirate Market''' <br /> (http://yjhzeedl5osagmmr.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://yjhzeedl5osagmmr.onion/forum.php)
| 2013-11-29
| 2014-08-15
| scam
|-
| '''Project Black Flag''' <br /> (https://ajd4yqq7ngzmqo3p.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://blackiiw5nozs6i5.onion)
| 2013-10-14
| 2013-10-28
| Scam
|-
| '''Sheep Marketplace''' <br /> (https://sheep5u64fi457aw.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://sheep5u64fi457aw.onion)
| 2013-03-??
| 2013-12-01
| Scam; [http://www.deepdotweb.com/2013/12/27/the-sheep-bmr-and-maybe-tormarket-hacker-investigation/ or possibly hacked]
|-
| '''Silk Road''' <br /> (https://silkroadvb5piz3r.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://dkn255hz262ypmii.onion)
| 2011-02-10 (approx.)
| 2013-10-02
| Seized by Law Enforcement
|-
| '''Silkroad 2.0''' (SR2/SR2.0) <br /> (http://silkroad6ownowfk.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://silkroad5v7dywlc.onion/)
| 2013-11-06
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''The Black Box Market''' <br /> (http://77yqlxe7pnxhnxvi.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''The Onion Market''' <br /> (http://77yqlxe7pnxhnxvi.onion)
| ?
| 2014-05-10
| 2014-12-18
| scam
|-
| '''The Marketplace''' (TMP) <br /> (http://themarketplace.i2p) <br /> (http://r35rdglu7cjmsxh5qn3v6o5q7cnejanwg4h2viuvaqavpbf5uqaq.b32.i2p)
| yes <br /> (http://themarketplace.i2p/forum/index.php)
| 2013-11-14
| 2014-1109
| ?
|-
| '''Three Hamster''' <br /> (http://hamsterluww4twpm.onion/)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Three Hares Bazaar''' <br /> (THB) (http://3haresyyuxpqqqdz.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Topix Vallium''' <br /> (http://topixslhezyytrvm.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Torbay''' <br /> (http://tyedahhf56xli7xp.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| ''' TorBazaar''' <br /> (http://3p42y56a76g6okuv.onion)
| yes <br /> (http://22iwhc2luicynjqy.onion/)
| 2014-01-20
| 2014-11-06
| [http://gizmodo.com/here-are-all-the-dark-net-markets-seized-in-operation-o-1656541553 Operation Onymous]
|-
| '''Tormarket'''  <br /> (http://tormarkozaegyvco.onion/)
| yes <br /> (http://7kyuxl5h7xjl6eir.onion/)
|  
| 2013-12-22
| Unknown
|-
| '''Tortuga''' <br /> (http://tortugauwngwecwd.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''UltraVioletCity Market''' <br /> (http://ultracityi2gdwhq.onion)
| (http://7y26aczl3wdyujkc.onion)
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Underground Market Board 3.0''' <br /> (http://bvnyausyqbt65i6u.onion)
| -
| ?
| ?
| ?
|-
| '''Utopia Marketplace''' <br /> (http://ggvow6fj3sehlm45.onion)
| no
| ?
| ?
| [http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/02/11/utopia-marketplace-seized-by-dutch-police/ Seized by Law Enforment]
|-
| '''White Rabbit''' <br /> (http://rabbittorwr74veg.onion <br> http://wrmarket.i2p)
| no
| ?
| ?
| ?
|}
|}


==Further Reading==
==Online marketplace software==
===General===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBazaar OpenBazaar]
*[http://www.deepdotweb.com/2014/03/02/deepdotwebs-darknet-dictionary/ A dictionary of often used terms about the darknet.]
* [http://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets Subreddit for all Darknet Markets]
* [http://grams7enufi7jmdl.onion// "Grams"] - Darknet Market search engine, Bitcoin mixer, Vendor directory
* [http://thehub7gqe43miyc.onion The Hub] - General darknet market forum
* [http://kingdomazsnvzfuq.onion/ "The Kingdom Forums"] - General darknet market forum


===Lists of darknet markets===
==Further reading==
* [http://www.deepdotweb.com/2013/10/28/updated-llist-of-hidden-marketplaces-tor-i2p/ List] and [http://www.deepdotweb.com/dark-net-market-comparison-chart/ Comparison chart] of hidden Marketplaces TOR/I2P @ [http://www.deepdotweb.com Deep Dot Web]
* [[Network#Tor hidden services]]
* [http://www.gwern.net/Black-market%20survival#data Comparison of current and dead darknet markets] made by [http://www.gwern.net gwern.net]
* [http://dnstats.net/market-comparison Comparison] of darknet markets by [http://dnstats.net dnstats.net]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets/wiki/superlist Darknet market "Superlist"] on [https://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets /r/DarkNetMarkets]
* [http://www.reddit.com/r/DarkNetMarkets/comments/1wxkvn/introducing_the_wall_of_shame_marketplaces_to/ Wall of Shame] List of markets to avoid on reddit.com/r/darknetmarkets


===Vendor directories and reviews===
==External links==
* [http://directory4iisquf.onion/ "All Markets Vendor Directory"] - A Directory for Darknet Vendors
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darknet_market Darknet market (Wikipedia)]
* [http://fqyfryfq2iznzsob.onion/ "The Darknet Feedback Database"] - Search by pgp key and known username. Includes the feedback database of the now offline BlackMarketReloaded.
* [http://grams7enufi7jmdl.onion// "Grams"] - Darknet Market search engine, Bitcoin mixer, Vendor directory


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />


 
[[Category:Website]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Main Page List Articles]]

Latest revision as of 04:15, 30 January 2023

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A darknet market (also known as a DNM) is a website operating in a darknet (e.g., Freenet, I2P, TOR) through which goods and services (typically drugs) are traded. The legal status of the traded goods depends varies from country to country. The purpose of this comparison is to provide an overview of the constantly changing phenomenon of darknet markets. The comparison in durability, success, and security should enable people to evaluate markets and make independent decisions before using them.

The "Silk Road" (founded 2011-01-31) was the first known darknet market. With the combination of TOR, Bitcoin and PGP it established the central market scheme.

According to their major features and design, at least five archetypes of marketplaces can be distinguished.

  1. Forum Markets. These are basically forums where vendors present their products, customers post feedback and have discussions. These markets neither have an online shopping interface nor a reputation or escrow system. Trusted members of the community may act as escrow agents.
  2. Centralized Markets. The original "Silkroad" was the first of this kind. Buyers and vendors have their bitcoins in an online wallet which is controlled by the markets admin and therefore rely totally on the good will of the markets admins. Several big scams have happened in the past in which millions of dollars (in bitcoin) were stolen.
  3. Multi-Signature Markets. In this type of market, funds will be deposited in a multi-signature wallet. At least three parties (usually: buyer, vendor, market admin) have the control over these wallets. Two of them have to agree to release the funds. The most elaborate marketplace of this kind was "The Marketplace". Second generation marketplaces have yet to gain serious market share.
  4. Decentralized Markets. There are some projects which are currently developing software to host drug marketplaces in a distributed manner. As of 2017, they have yet to be adopted by the darknet market community.
  5. Beside that some vendors maintain their own single vendor web shop. These won’t be listed here because they are too numerous and there is no way of protecting against scams. Some vendor shops are listed here: https://dnstats.net/vendor-shops/1 .

All markets are hosted either as Tor Hidden Services (Onion Sites), i2p sites (eepsites) or another kind of p2p or darknet. Therefore they can not be accessed with a normal web browser.

Centralized markets

All these markets have a certain concept in common. There is a staff team which is maintaining a website as an onion or eepsite in TOR or I2P. They offer all the features to vendors and buyers. They take some % of every transaction as commission for their own profit and often take a bond of vendors to prevent scammers off signing up. Their definite trait is that the admin has the absolute power over the users funds.

Name, Adress, Forum, Subdread Date of Opening # of listings Registration 2-Factor-Authentification Java Script PGP Incidents Cryptocoins
Alphabay
(http://alphabay522szl32u4ci5e3iokdsyth56ei7rwngr2wm7i5jo54j2eid.onion)
(http://tnaefzkcnhryeusi7hdpqujqiqmnbtah3dmjcg3gvezohunjuxbq.b32.i2p)
Forum
(?)
Subdread
(http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Alphabay) 		2021-08-10 ? Open Yes No Yes Yes[1] XMR
Dark0de Reborn / Darkode Reborn
(http://darkodemard3wjoe63ld6zebog73ncy77zb2iwjtdjam4xwvpjmjitid.onion/)
Forum
(http://darkodefoctohioo6eof3qh2vjpgvuial7doxeaqyfoqwpaujfyxdoid.onion/)
Subdread
(http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Dark0deReborn) 		2020-05-26 ? Open Yes No Yes No BTC, XMR

Explanations:

Criterion Explanation
2-Factor-Authentification With 2-factor authentification, one needs to decrypt with a private PGP key. This feature avoids successful phishing of one's name and password.
Java Script Some people consider Javascript a security risk. Some sites force you to turn it off before entering their site.
PGP Is the use of PGP encryption obligatory in private messages? It typically is not, but writing unencrypted messages may expose personal details to the market admins and law enforcement agencies.
Incidents Bitcoins disappeared? Team members busted? Page hacked? Did anything happen what undermines the credibility and professionalism of the people who run the marketplace?

Multi-signature markets

Name, Adress, Forum, Subdread Date of Opening # of listings Registration 2-Factor-Authentification Java Script PGP Security Incidents Cryptocoins
The Versus Project
(http://q2f7swt5yvbhciqqbbsidufu2vtkv6ivwy6g5i5ukejjlb2jeghd2had.onion)
(http://pqqmr3p3tppwqvvapi6fa7jowrehgd36ct6lzr26qqormaqvh6gt4jyd.onion)
Forum
(http://q2f7swt5yvbhciqqbbsidufu2vtkv6ivwy6g5i5ukejjlb2jeghd2had.onion/forum)
Subdread
(http://dreadytofatroptsdj6io7l3xptbet6onoyno2yv7jicoxknyazubrad.onion/d/Versus) 		2019-11-02 ? Open Yes No ? Yes BTC, XMR

Forum markets

These websites are based on ordinary forum software. There is no cart, wallet or escrow provided. Transactions usually happen directly between vendor and customer.

Name, Address Date of Opening Registration Java Script Incidents Notes
DarbeTürk
(https://darbeturk.net) 		2005-??-?? Paid Only Yes Yes
(They were government supporter hacker team before 2015) 		Turkish Underground Forum

Online marketplace software

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/alphabay-takedown
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