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'''α-Methyltryptamine''' (also known as '''Indopan''' and commonly as '''αMT''' or '''aMT''') is a lesser-known [[psychoactive class::entactogen]] substance of the [[chemical class::tryptamine]] class.<ref name="TiHKAL">{{cite book|title=TiHKAL: The Continuation|title-link=TiHKAL|last1=Shulgin|first1=Alexander|last2=Shulgin|first2=Ann|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|year=1997|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0-9630096-9-9|oclc=38503252|chapter-url=http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal48.shtml|chapter=#48. a-MT}}</ref>
'''α-Methyltryptamine''' ('''αMT''', '''AMT''', '''Indopan'''), is a [[psychedelics|psychedelic]], [[stimulant]], and [[entactogen]] drug of the [[tryptamine]] class.<ref>Erowid Online Books : TIHKAL - #48 a-MT | http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal48.shtml</ref>
It was originally developed as an antidepressant by workers at a Michigan pharmaceutical manufacturing company known as Upjohn in the 1960s.<ref>US Patent 3296072 - Method of Treating Mental Depression</ref> This drug may be overly intense in its physical effects for those who are not already experienced with psychedelics.
αMT was originally developed by Upjohn in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|title=US Patent 3296072 - Method of Treating Mental Depression|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3296072/en|access-date=July 18, 2020|website=Google Patents}}</ref> It was briefly used in the Soviet Union as an [[antidepressant]] under the trade name '''Indopan'''.<ref name="TiHKAL"></ref><ref name="Barceloux2012">{{cite book|author=Donald G. Barceloux|title=Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWFiVaDZnkQC&pg=PA196|date=March 20, 2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-72760-6|pages=196–}}</ref><ref name="Iversen2013">{{cite book|author=Leslie Iversen|title=Handbook of Psychopharmacology: Volume 14 Affective Disorders: Drug Actions in Animals and Man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogXrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|date=November 11, 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4613-4045-4|pages=132–}}</ref><ref name="AcademicPress2013">{{cite book|title=Biological Research on Addiction: Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUeCgcrNjOUC&pg=PA632|date=17 May 2013|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-398360-2|pages=632–}}</ref>
Indopan was prescribed in 5-10 mg doses, which is significantly lower than the dose used for recreational effects.
Erowid has received "a handful of unverifiable reports of hospitalization after high-dose (over 60 mg oral) αMT ingestion."<ref name="amt">{{cite web|title=AMT (Alphamethyltryptamine, IT-290) - Fatalities / Deaths|publisher=Erowid|url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amt/amt_death.shtml|access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref>
There were 22 deaths linked to αMT in England and Wales where the drug became popular as a legal high from 2012 until it was banned in early 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathsrelatedtodrugpoisoningenglandandwalesreferencetable|title=Deaths related to drug poisoning, England and Wales|date=August 15, 2019|access-date=July 18, 2020|publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref>
Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of aMT, and it has a limited history of non-medical human use.
It is highly advised to use [[harm reduction practices]] if using this substance.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
[[File:Tryptamine_rests.png|thumb|255px|right|General formula of a tryptamine molecule.]]
αMT, or α-Methyltryptamine is a synthetic indole alkaloid molecule of the [[tryptamine]] class. Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R<sub>3</sub> to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. AMT is substituted at the alpha carbon R<sub>α</sub> of its tryptamine backbone with a methyl group.
AMT is made up of a [[tryptamines|tryptamine]] backbone and one methyl group substituted onto the monoamine chain at carbon R<sub>α</sub>. It is closely related to [[serotonin]], explaining its mechanism of action.
AMT is found in freebase form as a racemate of its (R-) and (S-) enantiomers.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
AMT acts as a [[releasing agent]] of [[serotonin]], [[noradrenaline]], and [[dopamine]]<ref>The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain | http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014-2999(06)01381-1</ref> as well as a non-[[binding selectivity|selective]] [[serotonin receptor]] [[agonist]].<ref>In vitro screening of psychoactive drugs by [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in rat brain membranes | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/30/12/30_12_2328/_article</ref> It acts as a very weak, non-selective [[RIMA]] in-vitro<ref>Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs1951/41/2/41_2_191/_article</ref> and in-vivo.<ref>THE EFFECT OF THREE TRYPTAMINE DERIVATIVES ON SEROTONIN METABOLISM IN VITRO AND IN VIVO | http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/127/2/110.short</ref>, but this is unlikely to be very significant if at all with typical doses.
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
αMT acts as a relatively balanced reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent of the main three monoamines; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nagai, F.)), ((Nonaka, R.)), ((Satoh Hisashi Kamimura, K.)) | journal=European Journal of Pharmacology | title=The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain | volume=559 | issue=2–3 | pages=132–137 | date= March 2007 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0014299906013811 | issn=00142999 | doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.075}}</ref> and as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Nonaka, R.)), ((Nagai, F.)), ((Ogata, A.)), ((Satoh, K.)) | journal=Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin | title=In Vitro Screening of Psychoactive Drugs by [35S]GTP.GAMMA.S Binding in Rat Brain Membranes | volume=30 | issue=12 | pages=2328–2333 | date= 2007 | url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/30/12/30_12_2328/_article | issn=0918-6158 | doi=10.1248/bpb.30.2328}}</ref>
αMT's [[psychedelic]] effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the [[Serotonin#The 5-HT system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor]] as a [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]].
αMT also acts as a [[releasing agent]] of [[serotonin]], [[noradrenaline]], and [[dopamine]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain|last1=Nagai|first1=F.|last2=Nonaka|first2=R.|last3=Kamimura|first3=K. S. H.|doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.075|date=March 22, 2007|pages=132-137|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|issn=0014-2999|eissn=1879-0712|oclc=01568459|pmid= 17223101|issue=2-3|volume=559}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last2=Nagai|first2=F.|last1=Nonaka|first1=R.|last3=Ogata|first3=A.|last4=Satoh|first4=K.|title=''In Vitro'' Screening of Psychoactive Drugs by [<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS Binding in Rat Brain Membranes|doi=10.1248/bpb.30.2328|pmid=18057721|journal=Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin|issn=0918-6158|eissn=1347-5215|oclc=27784830|date=December 2007|volume=30|issue=12|pages=2328-2333}}</ref> It also acts as a very weak, non-selective [[RIMA]] in-vitro<ref>{{cite journal|title=Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine|last1=Arai|first1=Y.|last2=Toyoshima|first2=Y.|last3=Kinemuchi|first3=H.|year=1986|volume=41|issue=2|pages=191-197|doi=10.1254/jjp.41.191|journal=The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology|pmid=3747266|issn=1347-8613}}</ref> and in-vivo.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Greig|first1=M. E.|last2=Walk|first2=R. A.|last3=Gibbons|first3=A. J.|title=The effect of three tryptamine derivatives on serotonin metabolism in vitro and in vivo|pmid=13851725|url=http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/127/2/110.short|journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics|date=October 1959|volume=127|issue=2|pages=110-115|issn=0022-3565|eissn=1521-0103|oclc=1606914}}</ref>, but this is unlikely to be very significant (if at all) with common doses.
The physical effects of AMT can be broken down into five components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - Regarding its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, AMT tends to be very stimulating, resulting in jaw clenching and a shakiness and unsteadiness of the hands. The stimulation encourages the user to move around, run, dance, climb or engage in physical activities. In comparison, other common psychedelics such as [[psilocybin]] are sedating and relaxed.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - AMT's "body high" can be described as an intense and constant all-encompassing sensation. In comparison to other psychedelics, this sensation does not manifest itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body spontaneously; it is instead felt like an extended, unchanging activation of every nerve ending on the body that lasts throughout the entire duration of the experience. This continuous sensation is immensely pleasurable but can become overwhelmingly intense and almost a burden at higher levels.
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]''' - A slight difficulty urinating is occasionally present.
*'''[[Effect::Headaches]]''' - Many people report headaches towards the end of the experience.
*'''[[Effect::Abnormal heartbeat]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Moderate to extreme nausea is commonly reported. This either passes once the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
}}
{{effects/visual|
The visual effects of AMT are mostly present only when large doses have been consumed and are proportionally mild in comparison to the intensity of its accompanying cognitive and physical effects when compared to substances such as [[LSD]] and [[psilocin]].
*'''[[Effect::Visual drifting|Drifting]]''' ''([[Visual drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Visual drifting#Flowing|flowing]], [[Visual drifting#Breathing|breathing]] and [[Visual drifting#morphing|morphing]])'' - In comparison to other [[psychedelics]], this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style.
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]''' - In comparison to more commonly used psychedelics such as [[LSD]] and [[psilocin]], this effect is significantly less intricate and complex although it is still very distinct in its presence.
*'''[[Effect::After images]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Colour shifting]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
The visual geometry produced by aMT can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[Psilocin]], and [[2C-E]] than [[LSD]]. At lower levels it can appear to be bland and simplistic in complexity but becomes equal regarding intricacy and depth to that of any of the classical [[psychedelics]] at higher doses. It can be comprehensively described with its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as intricate in complexity (at heavy dosages), abstract in form, organic in feel, structured in organization, brightly lit, multicoloured in scheme, glossy in shading, equal in soft and sharp edges, small in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in round and angular corners, non-immersive in depth, and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, the visual geometry is significantly more likely to result in states of [[Effect::8B Geometry|Level 8B]] geometry over [[8A Geometry|Level 8A]].
*'''[[Physical effects: Spontaneous tactile sensations|Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - AMT's body high can be described as an intense and constant all-encompassing sensation. In comparison to other psychedelics, this sensation does not manifest itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body spontaneously, instead being felt as an extended unchanging activation of every nerve ending on the body that lasts throughout the entire duration of the trip. This everlasting droning is immensely pleasurable but can become overwhelmingly intense and almost a burden at higher levels
====Hallucinatory states====
*'''[[Physical effects: Stimulation|Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the tripper, AMT is very stimulating, resulting in jaw clenching and a shakiness and unsteadiness of the hands but encouraging trippers to move around, run, dance, climb and generally engage in physical activities. In comparison, other more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocybin]] are generally sedating and relaxed.
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]'''
*'''[[Physical effects: Nausea|Nausea]]''' - In terms of the physical discomfort experienced on this substance, moderate to extreme nausea is almost consistently reported when consumed at any dosage. This either passes once the tripper has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - This particular effect is uncommon during the first half of the trip but capable of manifesting itself towards the end of the experience, particularly if sleep deprivation starts to take its toll due to the abnormally long duration. The internal hallucinations are more common within dark environments and can be comprehensively described through their [[Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, fixed in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability, geometry-based in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
*'''[[Physical effects: Difficulty urinating|Difficulty urinating]]''' - A slight difficulty urinating is occasionally present.
*'''[[Physical effects: Headaches|Headaches]]''' - Many people report headaches towards the end of the experience
*'''[[Physical effects: Loss of temperature regulation|Loss of temperature regulation]]'''
In comparison to more traditional psychedelics such as [[LSD]], [[DMT]] and [[Psilocin]], the AMT head space is described as not nearly as deep, insightful or profound.
In comparison to more traditional psychedelics such as [[LSD]], [[DMT]] and [[Psilocin]], the AMT head space is described as not nearly as deep, insightful or profound.
The total sum of these cognitive components regardless of the setting generally includes:
The total sum of these cognitive components regardless of the setting generally includes:
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Introspection|Introspection]]''' - This component is consistently manifested only in the context of a non social setting in which the user is alone.
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety suppression]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Acceleration of thought|Acceleration of thought]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Disinhibition]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Connectivity of thought|Connectivity of thought]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement]]''' - This effect is consistently manifested mainly in the context of social settings in which one is within the company of others. These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are a little weaker and less sharp than with [[MDMA]].
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Increased empathy, love and sociability|Increased empathy, love and sociability]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This component is [[introspection]] dominant and consistently manifested only in the context of a non-social setting in which the user is alone.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Enhancement of current mind state|Enhancement of current mind state]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Ego suppression, loss and death|Ego suppression, loss and death]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Time distortion|Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased music appreciation]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Increased empathy, love and sociability|Increased empathy, love and sociability]]''' - This component is consistently manifested only in the context of social settings in which one is within the company of others. These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are a little weaker and less sharp than those found on substances such as [[MDMA]] and [[2C-B]] but still prove strong enough to provide long lasting therapeutic effects.
As for visual distortions and alterations, effects experienced are detailed below:
}}
*'''[[Visual effects: Drifting|Drifting]]''' ''([[Visual effects: Drifting#Melting|Melting]], [[Visual effects: Drifting#Flowing|Flowing]], [[Visual effects: Drifting#Breathing|Breathing]] and [[Visual effects: Drifting#morphing|morphing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in their appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style.
===Experience reports===
*'''[[Visual effects: Tracers|Tracers]]'''
Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]] include:
*'''[[Visual effects: After images|After images]]'''
*'''[[Visual effects: Symmetrical texture repetition|Texture repetition]]''' - In comparison to more commonly used psychedelics such as [[LSD]] and [[psilocin]], this effect is significantly less intricate and complex although still very distinct in its presence.
The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[Psilocin]], and [[2C-E]] than [[LSD]]. At lower levels they appear to be bland and simplistic but become equal in terms of intricacy and depth to that of any of the classical psychedelics. They can be comprehensively described as structured in their organization, organic in geometric style, intricate in complexity, large in size, fast and smooth in motion, colourful in scheme, glossy in colour, blurred in their edges and rounded in their corners. They have a "natural" feel to them and at higher dosages are significantly more likely to result in states of [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#7B - Exposure to inner mechanics of human consciousness|Level 7B]] visual geometry over [[Visual effects - Psychedelics#7A - Exposure to entirety of neurological structure|Level 7A]].
At high dosages AMT can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is more consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelic. These effects include:
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
*'''[[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations (psychedelic)|Internal hallucinations]]''' - This particular effect commonly contains hallucinations with scenarios, settings, concepts and autonomous entity contact. They are more common within dark environments and can be described as internal in their manifestation, lucid in believability, interactive in style and almost exclusively of religious, spiritual, mystical or a transcendental nature in their overall theme.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational αMT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because AMT is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.
As a [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]], αMT can be dangerous when taken in excessive doses or when combined with [[MAOIs]], [[RIMAs]], [[stimulants]] and any substance which act as a [[releasing agent]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]] of [[serotonin]] and [[dopamine]]. There is one reported death from AMT, but it is not known how much of the substance was taken.<ref name="amt2">{{cite journal|title=Fatality due to acute alpha-methyltryptamine intoxication|pmid=16105268|doi=10.1093/jat/29.5.394|date=July 1, 2005|last1=Boland|first1=D. M.|last2=Andollo|first2=W.|last3=Hime|first3=G. W.|last4=Hearn|first4=W. L.|volume=29|issue=5|pages=394-397|journal=Journal of Analytical Toxicology|issn=0146-4760|eissn=1945-2403|oclc=02942106}}</ref> Erowid states that they have received "a handful of unverifiable reports of hospitalization after high-dose (over 60 mg oral) AMT ingestion."<ref name="amt"></ref>
The auditory effects of AMT are common in their occurrence and exhibit a full range of effects which commonly includes:
It is worth noting that αMT's analog [[αET]] has been shown to produce long-lasting serotonergic neurotoxicity at very high doses.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=X. M.|last2=Johnson|first2=M. P.|last3=Nichols|first3=D. E.|author-link3=David E. Nichols|pmid=1722753|doi=10.1016/0014-2999(91)90686-k |title=Reduction in brain serotonin markers by α-ethyltryptamine (Monase)|volume=200|issue=1|date=July 23, 1991|pages=187-190|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|issn=0014-2999|eissn=1879-0712|oclc=01568459}}</ref> It is possible that AMT could cause the same neurotoxicity at high dosages or with repeated long-term use.
===Lethal Dosage===
In rats, the median lethal dose or dosage at which 50% of participants die (LD50) of AMT for mice when administered orally is 22 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and in mice it is 38 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg). This means that for a 60-kilogram (130 lb) person to reach the LD50 value of rats they would have to take 1320 mg or 2280 mg to reach the LD50 of mice. This is between 44 and 76 times the active dosage of 30 mg.
Deaths from αMT are rare but as a powerful monoamine releaser injury can occur when excessive doses are taken or when taken with drugs such as MAOIs.<ref>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity | http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/4/434</ref> Most fatalities are not verified but those which are involve excessive doses<ref>Fatality Due to Acute 0 Methyltryptamine Intoxication | http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/5/394.full.pdf</ref> or coingestion with other drugs.<ref>Call for ban on drug after reveller's death | http://www.webcitation.org/6KPbybynr</ref> A British teenager died after consuming 1 g of αMT in August 2013.<ref>Southampton 'legal high' death deemed 'accidental' | http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-24915409</ref>
Anecdotal reports suggest that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying aMT by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
===Tolerance and Addiction Potential===
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
AMT use leads to approximately a week tolerance, affecting other tryptamines also. Addiction potential has not been studied, but is considered by users to be relatively low. Like many other serotonin releasing agents, AMT's analogue αET has been shown to produce long-lasting serotonergic neurotoxicity at very high doses.<ref>Reduction in brain serotonin markers by α-ethyltryptamine (Monase) | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001429999190686K</ref> It is possible that AMT could cause the same neurotoxicity at high dosages or with repeated long term use.
==Legal issues==
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
*'''Australia:''' Sale and possession of AMT is illegal.
AMT is considered to be [[Addiction potential::moderately habit-forming]].
*'''Germany:''' Sale and possession of AMT is illegal.
*'''Greece:''' Sale and possession of AMT is illegal.
*'''Japan:''' Sale and possession of AMT is illegal.
*'''Russia:''' Sale and possession of AMT is illegal.
*'''Sweden:''' Sale and possession of AMT is illegal.<ref>Svensk författningssamling Förordning om ändring i förordningen (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor | http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/sfs/20050026.pdf</ref>
*'''USA:''' AMT is a Schedule I drug.<ref>Drug Enforcement Administration | http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/amt.pdf</ref>
*'''UK:''' It is legal in the United Kingdom, however, and does not fall under the tryptamine clause as its substituent is not on the nitrogen position. See "2001 Misuse of Drugs Act: Schedule 1, Regulation 3"<ref>The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2001/3998/schedule/1/made</ref>
*'''Canada:''' Similar to the united kingdom, canada has no mention of this substance in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.<ref>CSDA | http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/schedule.php?structure=C</ref>
==See Also==
Tolerance to the effects of αMT is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::14 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::1 month]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). AMT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelics]]]], meaning that after the consumption of αMT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
*[[Portal:Trip Reports#AMT|AMT Trip Reports]]
*[[Psychedelics]]
===Dangerous interactions===
Deaths from αMT are rare<ref name="amt"></ref><ref name="amt2"></ref> but, as a powerful [[monoamine]] [[reuptake inhibitor]] (MRI), injury could occur when excessive doses are taken or when it is taken with substances such as [[MAOIs]], [[RIMAs]], [[stimulants]] and any substance which act as a [[releasing agent]] or [[reuptake inhibitor]] of [[neurotransmitters]] such as [[serotonin]] and [[dopamine]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity|last1=Gillman|first1=P. K.|pmid=16051647|doi=10.1093/bja/aei210|url=https://bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(17)34956-5/fulltext|volume=95|issue=4|pages=434-441|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|issn=0007-0912|eissn=1471-6771|oclc=01537271|date=October 1, 2005}}</ref>
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Alcohol]]''' - aMT has a broad mechanism of action in the brain and so does alcohol so the combination can be unpredictable
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Caffeine]]''' - High doses of caffeine may cause anxiety which is less manageable when tripping, and since both are stimulating the combination may cause some physical discomfort.
*'''[[UncertainInteraction::Cannabis]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::2C-T-x]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::2C-x]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::5-MeO-xxT]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Amphetamines]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Cocaine]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::DOx]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::DXM]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::MAOIs]]''' - aMT is an MAOI on its own. Using enzyme inhibitors can greatly reduce predictability of effects.
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::MDMA]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Mescaline]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::MXE]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::25x-NBOMe]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::PCP]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::SSRIs]]'''
*'''[[DangerousInteraction::Tramadol]]'''
==Legal status==
As of 2014, AMT is not under international control.<ref name="who.int">{{cite conference|conference=Expert Committee on Drug Dependence|volume=Thirty-sixth Meeting|location=Geneva|date=June 2014|title=Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT): Critical Review Report|id=Agenda item 4.20|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|url=https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/4_20_Review.pdf|pages=14-15}}</ref>
*'''Australia''': AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell. It is controlled as an analogue of 5-MeO-AMT, which is a schedule 9 controlled substance.<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Austria''': AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Canada''': Canada has no mention of this substance in the Controlled substances and Substances Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/schedule.php?structure=C|title=Controlled Drugs and Substances Act - Schedule I|access-date=July 18, 2020|publisher=Isomer Design}}</ref>
*'''China''': As of October 2015 AMT is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=国家食品药品监督管理总局 [China Food and Drug Administration] | date=September 27, 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=October 1, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001222554/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | archive-date=October 1, 2015}}</ref>
*'''Denmark ''':In 2010, the Danish Minister for the Interior and Health placed AMT to their lists of controlled substances (List B).<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Germany''': AMT is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_i.html|title=Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG) Anlage I|trans-title=Narcotics Act (BtMG) Schedule I|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of January 31, 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl192s2483.pdf|title=Vierte Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag [Federal Gazette]|language=de|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 1992 Teil I Nr. 61|page=1058|publication-date=December 31, 1992|date=December 23, 1992|eissn=0344-7634}}</ref> It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/__29.html|title=Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG) § 29|trans-title=Narcotics Act (BtMG) § 29|publisher=Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Greece''': AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell under law 4139/2013. <ref>{{Citation | title=Νόμος 4139/2013 - ΦΕΚ A-74/20-3-2013 (Κωδικοποιημένος) | url=https://www.e-nomothesia.gr/kat-narkotika/n-4139-2013.html}}</ref>
*'''Hungary''':AMT was controlled on the Schedule C list in Hungary in 2013.<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Japan''': AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell.{{citation needed}}
*'''Latvia''': AMT is a Schedule I drug.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086|title=Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem|publisher=VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=November 10, 2005|language=lv}}</ref>
*'''Lithuania''': As of 2012, AMT is controlled as a tryptamine derivative under the 1st list of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances which prohibites its use for medical purposes.<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Russia''': AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell.{{citation needed}}
*'''Slovakia''': AMT was placed on the List of Hazardous Substances in Annex, § 2 in Slovakia in 2013.<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Slovenia''': AMT appeared on the Decree on Classification of Illicit Drugs in 2013.<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Spain''': AMT is controlled according to the Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods.<ref name="who.int" />
*'''Sweden''': AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell.<ref>{{cite web|title=Svensk författningssamling Förordning om ändring i förordningen (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor|url=http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/sfs/20050026.pdf|language=sv|access-date=July 18, 2020|publication-date=October 16, 2019}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': AMT, along with AET are controlled substances specifically named under Verzeichnis D.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20101220/index.html|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': AMT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.<ref>{{cite web|title=Part I: Class A Drugs|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2/part/I|work="Misuse of Drugs Act 1971"|access-date=January 7, 2020|publisher=UK Government}}</ref>
*'''United States''': αMT is a Schedule I drug. On April 4, 2003, the United States DEA added both 5-MeO-DiPT and αMT to Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act under "emergency scheduling" procedures. The drugs were officially placed into Schedule I on September 29, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128045930/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/amt.pdf|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/amt.pdf|access-date=July 18, 2020|title=ALPHA-METHYLTRYPTAMINE|publisher=Drug Enforcement Administration|date=April 2013|archive-date=January 28, 2016}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Research chemical]]
*[[Entactogen]]
*[[Tryptamines]]
*[[Tryptamines]]
*[[αET]]
==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Methyltryptamine AMT (Wikipedia)]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Methyltryptamine AMT (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amt/amt.shtml AMT (Erowid)]
*[https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/amt/amt.shtml AMT (Erowid Vault)]
*[https://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=48 AMT (TiHKAL)]
===Discussion===
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/344033-The-Big-and-Dandy-AMT-Thread-2nd-incarnation The Big and Dandy AMT Thread - 2nd incarnation (Bluelight)]
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
α-Methyltryptamine (also known as Indopan and commonly as αMT or aMT) is a lesser-known entactogen substance of the tryptamine class.[1]
αMT was originally developed by Upjohn in the 1960s.[2] It was briefly used in the Soviet Union as an antidepressant under the trade name Indopan.[1][3][4][5]
Indopan was prescribed in 5-10 mg doses, which is significantly lower than the dose used for recreational effects.
Erowid has received "a handful of unverifiable reports of hospitalization after high-dose (over 60 mg oral) αMT ingestion."[6]
There were 22 deaths linked to αMT in England and Wales where the drug became popular as a legal high from 2012 until it was banned in early 2015.[7]
Limited data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of aMT, and it has a limited history of non-medical human use.
It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
αMT, or α-Methyltryptamine is a synthetic indole alkaloid molecule of the tryptamine class. Tryptamines share a core structure comprised of a bicyclic indole heterocycle attached at R3 to an amino group via an ethyl side chain. AMT is substituted at the alpha carbon Rα of its tryptamine backbone with a methyl group.
AMT is found in freebase form as a racemate of its (R-) and (S-) enantiomers.
αMT acts as a relatively balanced reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent of the main three monoamines; serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine,[8] and as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist.[9]
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - Regarding its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, AMT tends to be very stimulating, resulting in jaw clenching and a shakiness and unsteadiness of the hands. The stimulation encourages the user to move around, run, dance, climb or engage in physical activities. In comparison, other common psychedelics such as psilocybin are sedating and relaxed.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - AMT's "body high" can be described as an intense and constant all-encompassing sensation. In comparison to other psychedelics, this sensation does not manifest itself in the form of a continuously shifting tingling sensation that travels up and down the body spontaneously; it is instead felt like an extended, unchanging activation of every nerve ending on the body that lasts throughout the entire duration of the experience. This continuous sensation is immensely pleasurable but can become overwhelmingly intense and almost a burden at higher levels.
Nausea - Moderate to extreme nausea is commonly reported. This either passes once the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
The visual effects of AMT are mostly present only when large doses have been consumed and are proportionally mild in comparison to the intensity of its accompanying cognitive and physical effects when compared to substances such as LSD and psilocin.
Drifting(melting, flowing, breathing and morphing) - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed, slow and smooth in motion, static in appearance and unrealistic/cartoon-like in style.
Symmetrical texture repetition - In comparison to more commonly used psychedelics such as LSD and psilocin, this effect is significantly less intricate and complex although it is still very distinct in its presence.
The visual geometry produced by aMT can be described as more similar in appearance to that of Psilocin, and 2C-E than LSD. At lower levels it can appear to be bland and simplistic in complexity but becomes equal regarding intricacy and depth to that of any of the classical psychedelics at higher doses. It can be comprehensively described with its variations as intricate in complexity (at heavy dosages), abstract in form, organic in feel, structured in organization, brightly lit, multicoloured in scheme, glossy in shading, equal in soft and sharp edges, small in size, fast in speed, smooth in motion, equal in round and angular corners, non-immersive in depth, and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, the visual geometry is significantly more likely to result in states of Level 8B geometry over Level 8A.
Internal hallucination (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots) - This particular effect is uncommon during the first half of the trip but capable of manifesting itself towards the end of the experience, particularly if sleep deprivation starts to take its toll due to the abnormally long duration. The internal hallucinations are more common within dark environments and can be comprehensively described through their variations as lucid in believability, fixed in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability, geometry-based in style and almost exclusively of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
Cognitive effects
In comparison to more traditional psychedelics such as LSD, DMT and Psilocin, the AMT head space is described as not nearly as deep, insightful or profound.
The total sum of these cognitive components regardless of the setting generally includes:
Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement - This effect is consistently manifested mainly in the context of social settings in which one is within the company of others. These feelings of sociability, love and empathy are a little weaker and less sharp than with MDMA.
Analysis enhancement - This component is introspection dominant and consistently manifested only in the context of a non-social setting in which the user is alone.
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational αMT use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because AMT is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.
As a monoaminereuptake inhibitor, αMT can be dangerous when taken in excessive doses or when combined with MAOIs, RIMAs, stimulants and any substance which act as a releasing agent or reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and dopamine. There is one reported death from AMT, but it is not known how much of the substance was taken.[14] Erowid states that they have received "a handful of unverifiable reports of hospitalization after high-dose (over 60 mg oral) AMT ingestion."[6]
It is worth noting that αMT's analog αET has been shown to produce long-lasting serotonergic neurotoxicity at very high doses.[15] It is possible that AMT could cause the same neurotoxicity at high dosages or with repeated long-term use.
Anecdotal reports suggest that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying aMT by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
Tolerance to the effects of αMT is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 14 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 month to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). AMT presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the consumption of αMT all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Alcohol - aMT has a broad mechanism of action in the brain and so does alcohol so the combination can be unpredictable
Caffeine - High doses of caffeine may cause anxiety which is less manageable when tripping, and since both are stimulating the combination may cause some physical discomfort.
Cannabis
2C-T-x
2C-x
5-MeO-xxT
Amphetamines
Cocaine
DOx
DXM
MAOIs - aMT is an MAOI on its own. Using enzyme inhibitors can greatly reduce predictability of effects.
MDMA
Mescaline
MXE
25x-NBOMe
PCP
SSRIs
Tramadol
Legal status
As of 2014, AMT is not under international control.[17]
Australia: AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell. It is controlled as an analogue of 5-MeO-AMT, which is a schedule 9 controlled substance.[17]
Austria: AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich).[17]
Canada: Canada has no mention of this substance in the Controlled substances and Substances Act.[18]
China: As of October 2015 AMT is a controlled substance in China.[19]
Denmark :In 2010, the Danish Minister for the Interior and Health placed AMT to their lists of controlled substances (List B).[17]
Germany: AMT is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)[20] as of January 31, 1993.[21] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[22]
Greece: AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell under law 4139/2013. [23]
Hungary:AMT was controlled on the Schedule C list in Hungary in 2013.[17]
Japan: AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell.[citation needed]
Lithuania: As of 2012, AMT is controlled as a tryptamine derivative under the 1st list of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances which prohibites its use for medical purposes.[17]
Russia: AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell.[citation needed]
Slovakia: AMT was placed on the List of Hazardous Substances in Annex, § 2 in Slovakia in 2013.[17]
Slovenia: AMT appeared on the Decree on Classification of Illicit Drugs in 2013.[17]
Spain: AMT is controlled according to the Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods.[17]
Sweden: AMT is illegal to possess, produce and sell.[25]
Switzerland: AMT, along with AET are controlled substances specifically named under Verzeichnis D.[26]
United Kingdom: AMT is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the tryptamine catch-all clause.[27]
United States: αMT is a Schedule I drug. On April 4, 2003, the United States DEA added both 5-MeO-DiPT and αMT to Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act under "emergency scheduling" procedures. The drugs were officially placed into Schedule I on September 29, 2004.[28]
↑Arai, Y.; Toyoshima, Y.; Kinemuchi, H. (1986). "Studies of Monoamine Oxidase and Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase II. Inhibition by α-Methylated Substrate-Analogue Monoamines, α-Methyltryptamine, α-Methylbenzylamine and Two Enantiomers of α-Methylbenzylamine". The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 41 (2): 191–197. doi:10.1254/jjp.41.191. ISSN1347-8613. PMID3747266.
↑"关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). 国家食品药品监督管理总局 [China Food and Drug Administration]. September 27, 2015. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
↑"Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BtMG) Anlage I" [Narcotics Act (BtMG) Schedule I] (in Deutsch). Bundesamt für Justiz [Federal Office of Justice]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑"ALPHA-METHYLTRYPTAMINE"(PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration. April 2013. Archived from the original(PDF) on January 28, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
