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Talk:Crack cocaine synthesis: Difference between revisions
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>David Hedlund copy/pasted "[[File:502px-Crack Ingredients.JPG|thumb|200px|right|In order for cocaine..." from https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Crack-cocaine |
>David Hedlund Replaced category:Chemical synthesis with category:Chemical conversion |
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[[File:502px-Crack Ingredients.JPG|thumb|200px|right|In order for cocaine (in plastic bag at bottom) to be converted to crack, several supplies are needed. Pictured here are baking soda (a commonly used base in making crack) a metal spoon, a tea light, and a cigarette lighter. The spoon is held over the heat source in order to "cook" the cocaine into crack.]] | [[File:502px-Crack Ingredients.JPG|thumb|200px|right|In order for cocaine (in plastic bag at bottom) to be converted to crack, several supplies are needed. Pictured here are baking soda (a commonly used base in making crack) a metal spoon, a tea light, and a cigarette lighter. The spoon is held over the heat source in order to "cook" the cocaine into crack.]] | ||
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, common baking soda) is a base used in the preparation of crack, although other weak bases may substitute for it.<ref name="Treadwell2007">{{cite journal |last1=Treadwell |first1=SD |last2=Robinson |first2=TG |title=Cocaine use and stroke |journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal |date=June 2007 |volume=83 |issue=980 |pages=389–94 |pmid=17551070|pmc=2600058|type=Review |doi=10.1136/pgmj.2006.055970}}</ref><ref name="NYCCocaineAbuse">{{cite web |title=Cocaine Abuse & Addiction |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/cocaine-abuse-and-addiction.page |website=www1.nyc.gov |publisher=City of New York}}</ref> The net reaction when using sodium bicarbonate is | |||
:Coc-H<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup> + NaHCO<sub>3</sub> → Coc + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub> + NaCl | :Coc-H<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup> + NaHCO<sub>3</sub> → Coc + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub> + NaCl | ||
With | With ammonium bicarbonate: | ||
:Coc-H<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup> + NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> → Coc + | :Coc-H<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup> + NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> → Coc + NH<sub>4</sub>Cl (ammonium chloride) + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
With | With ammonium carbonate: | ||
:2(Coc-H<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup>) + (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → 2 Coc + 2 NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O | :2(Coc-H<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>−</sup>) + (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → 2 Coc + 2 NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
Crack cocaine is frequently purchased already in rock form,<ref name=AMCcrac/> although it is not uncommon for some users to "wash up" or "cook" powder cocaine into crack themselves. This process is frequently done with | Crack cocaine is frequently purchased already in rock form,<ref name=AMCcrac/> although it is not uncommon for some users to "wash up" or "cook" powder cocaine into crack themselves. This process is frequently done with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), water, and a spoon. Once mixed and heated, the bicarbonate reacts with the hydrochloride of the powder cocaine, forming free base cocaine and carbonic acid (H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) in a reversible acid-base reaction. The heating accelerates the degradation of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and water. Loss of CO<sub>2</sub> prevents the reaction from reversing back to cocaine hydrochloride. Free base cocaine separates as an oily layer, floating on the top of the now leftover aqueous phase. It is at this point that the oil is picked up rapidly, usually with a pin or long thin object. This pulls the oil up and spins it, allowing air to set and dry the oil, and allows the maker to roll the oil into the rock-like shape. | ||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[category:Chemical conversion]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:42, 14 September 2022
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, common baking soda) is a base used in the preparation of crack, although other weak bases may substitute for it.[1][2] The net reaction when using sodium bicarbonate is
- Coc-H+Cl− + NaHCO3 → Coc + H2O + CO2 + NaCl
With ammonium bicarbonate:
- Coc-H+Cl− + NH4HCO3 → Coc + NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) + CO2 + H2O
With ammonium carbonate:
- 2(Coc-H+Cl−) + (NH4)2CO3 → 2 Coc + 2 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O
Crack cocaine is frequently purchased already in rock form,[3] although it is not uncommon for some users to "wash up" or "cook" powder cocaine into crack themselves. This process is frequently done with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), water, and a spoon. Once mixed and heated, the bicarbonate reacts with the hydrochloride of the powder cocaine, forming free base cocaine and carbonic acid (H2CO3) in a reversible acid-base reaction. The heating accelerates the degradation of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. Loss of CO2 prevents the reaction from reversing back to cocaine hydrochloride. Free base cocaine separates as an oily layer, floating on the top of the now leftover aqueous phase. It is at this point that the oil is picked up rapidly, usually with a pin or long thin object. This pulls the oil up and spins it, allowing air to set and dry the oil, and allows the maker to roll the oil into the rock-like shape.
References
- ↑ Treadwell, SD; Robinson, TG (June 2007). "Cocaine use and stroke". Postgraduate Medical Journal (Review). 83 (980): 389–94. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.055970. PMC 2600058
. PMID 17551070.
- ↑ "Cocaine Abuse & Addiction". www1.nyc.gov. City of New York.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAMCcrac