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added subjective effect from my and other users experience
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{{Template:SubstanceBox/Thebaine}}
{{headerpanel|{{Approval}}}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/Example}}
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==History and culture==
==History and culture==
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Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid naturally occurring in opium poppies.
Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid naturally occurring in opium poppies.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects. At high doses, it causes convulsions similar to strychnine poisoning. The synthetic enantiomer (+)-thebaine does show analgesic effects apparently mediated through opioid receptors, unlike the inactive natural enantiomer (−)-thebaine.[3] While thebaine is not used therapeutically, it is the main alkaloid extracted from Papaver bracteatum (Iranian opium / Persian poppy) and can be converted industrially into a variety of compounds, including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine and etorphine. Butorphanol can also be derived from thebaine.[4]
thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects. At high doses, it causes convulsions similar to strychnine poisoning. The synthetic enantiomer (+)-thebaine does show analgesic effects apparently mediated through opioid receptors, unlike the inactive natural enantiomer (−)-thebaine.[3] While thebaine is not used therapeutically, it is the main alkaloid extracted from Papaver bracteatum (Iranian opium / Persian poppy) and can be converted industrially into a variety of compounds, including hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Nalbuphine, Naloxone, naltrexone, Buprenorphine and Etorphine. Butorphanol can also be derived from thebaine.[4]
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
{{EffectStub}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
|{{effects/physical|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's physical effects may be included here.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive Euphoria or Cognitive Dysphoria]]''' - Thebaine can rarely produce cognitive euphoria similar to the one of oxycodone but it happens rarely most of the time it produces no effect at all or cognitive dysphoria characterized by uncomfortable stimulantion,agitation,stomach pain and other symptoms similar to strychnine poisoning.
You may select physical effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Physical effects|here]].
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' or [[Effect::Sedation]]'''- a predominant effect of Thebaine is central nervous system stimulation as opposed to most opiates which cause sedation and can result in an inability to sleep and restlessness, the stimulation caused by Thebaine can be described as uncomfortable rather than the euphoric stimulation caused by traditional stimulants such as [[Amphetamine]] (''Adderall'') or [[MDMA]] (''Molly''), in addition sedation is occasionally experienced during the offset of the experience as seen with substances like [[Morphine]] and [[Oxycodone]] (''Oxycontin'') largely due to the metabolite oripavine.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation
*'''[[Effect:: Pain relief]]''' - Thebaine has a mild analgesic effect comparable to that of [[Tramadol]] (''Ultram'') though it mechanism is largely unknown.
Thebaine produces moderate stimulation at high doses which can result in an inability to sleep and restlessness, the stimulation caused by thebaine can be described as uncomfortable rather than euphoric.]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased Perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Sleeplessness
Thebaine can cause a user to be unable to sleep due to its stimulant properties.]]'''
}}
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]''' - Thebaine is often consumed alongside other opiate alkaloids in the form of Opium, so this effect is often cancelled out by the sedation caused by the [[Morphine]] and [[Codeine]] in the opium, however some poppy varieties contain high amounts of Thebaine and low [[Morphine]] and [[Codeine]] content making this effect noticeable and unpleasant for some.
{{effects/visual|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's visual effects may be included here.
You may select visual effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Visual effects|here]].
*'''[[Effect::Restless leg syndrome]]''' - This effect is common even at low dosages and can make rest difficult.
Thebaine can cause a user to be unable to sleep due to its [[Stimulant]] properties.
====Enhancements====
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - Thebaine has been reported to cause seizures at doses above 2mg/kg in lab animals similar to strychnine poisoning.
*'''[[Effect::Visual acuity effect1]]'''
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Hypotension]]''' - Thebaine has been reported to lower blood pressure in animal studies.
*'''[[Effect::Visual distortion effect1]]'''
====[[Effect::Geometry]]====
}}
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary describing the visual geometry produced by the substance may be included here.
{{effects/visual|
====Hallucinatory states====
Visual effects are rarely experienced although sometimes they can occur as a result of sleep deprivation caused by the drug or as a result of the blood pressure lowering effect.
If applicable, a brief summary of the substance's visual effects profile may be written here.
*'''[[Effect::Hallucinatory states1]]'''
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Double Vision
This effect is rare and usually only occurs during offset of a high dosage.]]'''
}}
====Distortions====
*'''[[Effect::Distortions]]''' - this is extremely rare and can occur either as a result of sleep deprivation or hypotension, this effect is usually mild and may occur if the user stands up suddenly.
|{{effects/cognitive|
|{{effects/cognitive|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's cognitive effects may be included here.
You may select from a list of cognitive effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Cognitive effects|here]].
*'''[[Effect::Anxiety]]''' - Thebaine raises anxiety due to its CNS [[stimulant]] activity.
*'''[[Effect:: Anxiety supression]]''' - occasionally Thebaine may suppress anxiety which is likely due to the metabolite Oripavine.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive effect1]]'''
*'''[[Effect:: Pain relief]]''' - Thebaine has a mild analgesic effect comparable to that of Tramadol though it mechanism is largely unknown.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive effect2]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive effect3]]'''
}}
{{effects/auditory|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's auditory effects may be included here.
You may select from a list of auditory effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Auditory effects|here]].
*'''[[Effect::Auditory effect1]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Auditory effect2]]'''
}}
{{effects/multisensory|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's multisensory effects may be included here.
You may select from a list of multisensory effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Multisensory effects|here]].
*'''[[Effect::Multisensory effect1]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Multisensory effect2]]'''
}}
{{effects/transpersonal|
If applicable, a brief paragraph summary of the substance's transpersonal effects may be included here.
You may select from a list of transpersonal effects to add below [[Subjective effect index#Transpersonal effects|here]].
*'''[[Effect::Transpersonal effect1]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Transpersonal effect2]]'''
}}
}}
===Experience reports===
===Experience reports===
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:SUBSTANCE]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:SUBSTANCE]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
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==Toxicity and harm potential==
==Toxicity and harm potential==
{{toxicity}}
Thebaine is very toxic and high doses produce symptoms similar to strychnine poisoning.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Lethal dosage===
===Lethal dosage===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
Thebaine is considered of low abuse potential due to its toxic effects on the body.
===Dangerous interactions===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions}}
{{DangerousInteractions}}
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==Legal status==
==Legal status==
{{LegalStub}}
Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom, is controlled as an analog of a Schedule II drug per the Analog Act in the United States, and is controlled with its derivatives and salts, as a Schedule I substance of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in Canada.[5] The 2013 US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) aggregate manufacturing quota for thebaine (ACSCN 9333) was unchanged from the previous year at 145 metric tons.
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
Use of this compound is not recommended due to its negative effects and toxicity.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
Chemistry
Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid naturally occurring in opium poppies.
Pharmacology
thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects. At high doses, it causes convulsions similar to strychnine poisoning. The synthetic enantiomer (+)-thebaine does show analgesic effects apparently mediated through opioid receptors, unlike the inactive natural enantiomer (−)-thebaine.[3] While thebaine is not used therapeutically, it is the main alkaloid extracted from Papaver bracteatum (Iranian opium / Persian poppy) and can be converted industrially into a variety of compounds, including hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Nalbuphine, Naloxone, naltrexone, Buprenorphine and Etorphine. Butorphanol can also be derived from thebaine.[4]
Subjective effects
|
Physical effects
Cognitive Euphoria or Cognitive Dysphoria - Thebaine can rarely produce cognitive euphoria similar to the one of oxycodone but it happens rarely most of the time it produces no effect at all or cognitive dysphoria characterized by uncomfortable stimulantion,agitation,stomach pain and other symptoms similar to strychnine poisoning.
Stimulation or Sedation- a predominant effect of Thebaine is central nervous system stimulation as opposed to most opiates which cause sedation and can result in an inability to sleep and restlessness, the stimulation caused by Thebaine can be described as uncomfortable rather than the euphoric stimulation caused by traditional stimulants such as Amphetamine (Adderall) or MDMA (Molly), in addition sedation is occasionally experienced during the offset of the experience as seen with substances like Morphine and Oxycodone (Oxycontin) largely due to the metabolite oripavine.
Pain relief - Thebaine has a mild analgesic effect comparable to that of Tramadol (Ultram) though it mechanism is largely unknown.
Wakefulness - Thebaine is often consumed alongside other opiate alkaloids in the form of Opium, so this effect is often cancelled out by the sedation caused by the Morphine and Codeine in the opium, however some poppy varieties contain high amounts of Thebaine and low Morphine and Codeine content making this effect noticeable and unpleasant for some.
Restless leg syndrome - This effect is common even at low dosages and can make rest difficult.
Thebaine can cause a user to be unable to sleep due to its Stimulant properties.
Seizure - Thebaine has been reported to cause seizures at doses above 2mg/kg in lab animals similar to strychnine poisoning.
Hypotension - Thebaine has been reported to lower blood pressure in animal studies.
{{effects/visual|
Visual effects are rarely experienced although sometimes they can occur as a result of sleep deprivation caused by the drug or as a result of the blood pressure lowering effect.
Distortions
Double Vision
This effect is rare and usually only occurs during offset of a high dosage.
Distortions
Distortions - this is extremely rare and can occur either as a result of sleep deprivation or hypotension, this effect is usually mild and may occur if the user stands up suddenly.
|{{effects/cognitive|
Anxiety - Thebaine raises anxiety due to its CNS stimulant activity.
Anxiety supression - occasionally Thebaine may suppress anxiety which is likely due to the metabolite Oripavine.
Pain relief - Thebaine has a mild analgesic effect comparable to that of Tramadol though it mechanism is largely unknown.
Experience reports
There are currently 0 experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our experience index.
Thebaine is very toxic and high doses produce symptoms similar to strychnine poisoning.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.
Lethal dosage
Tolerance and addiction potential
Thebaine is considered of low abuse potential due to its toxic effects on the body.
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Legal status
Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom, is controlled as an analog of a Schedule II drug per the Analog Act in the United States, and is controlled with its derivatives and salts, as a Schedule I substance of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in Canada.[5] The 2013 US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) aggregate manufacturing quota for thebaine (ACSCN 9333) was unchanged from the previous year at 145 metric tons.
See also
Use of this compound is not recommended due to its negative effects and toxicity.
