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{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/AL-LAD}}
{{SubstanceBox/AL-LAD}}
'''6-allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide''' (abbreviated '''AL-LAD''', also known as '''Aladdin''') is a semi-synthetic [[hallucinogens|hallucinogenic]] [[psychedelic]] drug of the [[lysergamides|lysergamide]] family, as described by [[Alexander Shulgin]] in the book TiHKAL (Tryptamines i Have Known And Loved).
This substance has little to no history of human usage. However, it has recently become commonly marketed along side of [[LSZ]] as a legal alternative to [[LSD]] through online research chemical vendors.
'''6-Allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide''' (also known as '''N-allyl-''nor''-lysergic acid N,N-diethylamide''', '''N-allyl''-nor''-LSD''', or commonly as '''AL-LAD''') is a novel [[Psychoactive class::psychedelic]] substance of the [[chemical class::lysergamide]] class. AL-LAD is chemically similar to [[LSD]] and has a similar mechanism of action, working primarily by binding to [[serotonin]] receptors in the brain.
AL-LAD was first investigated in 1984 by Andrew J. Hoffman and [[David Nichols]] as part of a series of LSD analogs, which also included [[ETH-LAD]] and [[PRO-LAD]].<ref name="nichols">{{cite journal|last1=Hoffman|first1=Andrew J.|last2=Nichols|first2=David E.|author-link2=David E. Nichols|title=Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives|journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry|volume=28|issue=9|pages=1252-1255|year=1985|doi=10.1021/jm00147a022|issn=0022-2623}}</ref> Its activity in humans was later documented by [[Alexander Shulgin]] in his book [[TiHKAL]] ("Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved"), in which it is described as "one of the several very potent compounds in a large series of nor-LSD analogues".<ref name="TiKHAL">{{cite book|title=TiHKAL: The Continuation|title-link=TiHKAL|last1=Shulgin|first1=Alexander|last2=Shulgin|first2=Ann|author-link1=Alexander Shulgin|year=1997|publisher=Transform Press|location=United States|isbn=0-9630096-9-9|oclc=38503252|chapter-url=https://erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal01.shtml|chapter=#1. AL-LAD}}</ref> In 2013, AL-LAD appeared for sale on the [[research chemical]] market,<ref name="Brandt2015">{{cite journal|last1=Brandt|first1=S. D.|last2=Kavanagh|first2=P. V.|last3=Westphal|first3=F.|last4=Elliott|first4=S. P.|last5=Wallach|first5=J.|last6=Colestock|first6=T.|last7=Burrow|first7=T. E.|last8=Chapman|first8=S. J.|last9=Stratford|first9=A.|last10=Nichols|first10=D. E.|author-link10=David E. Nichols|last11=Halberstadt|first11=A. L.|year=2016|title=Return of the lysergamides. Part II: Analytical and behavioural characterization of N<sup>6</sup>‐allyl‐6‐norlysergic acid diethylamide (AL‐LAD) and (2´''S'',4´''S'')‐lysergic acid 2,4‐dimethylazetidide (LSZ)|journal=Drug Testing and Analysis|volume=9|issue=1|pages=38-50|doi=10.1002/dta.1985|issn=1942-7603}}</ref> where it has been commonly marketed alongside lysergamides such as [[1P-LSD]], [[ALD-52]] and [[ETH-LAD]] as a legal, grey-market alternative to LSD.
User reports describe the effects of AL-LAD as similar to those of LSD with some subtle differences. It is thought to either be equally or moderately less potent than [[LSD]] itself, with an active dose reported at between 75 and 150 micrograms. It is often described as being more visually-oriented but with a less introspective headspace. It also has a moderately shorter duration and is generally considered to be a less [[anxiety]]-provoking and challenging version of LSD.
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of AL-LAD. While it is often characterized by users as being generally more recreational and non-threatening compared to [[LSD]], it is highly advised to approach this highly potent [[hallucinogenic]] substance with the proper amount of precaution and [[harm reduction practices]] if using it.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
AL-LAD is a semi-synthetic drug of the lysergamide family. [[Lysergamides]] are distinct from both [[tryptamines]] and [[phenethylamines]], although the chemical structure is more similar to a [[tryptamine]] than a phenethylamine. The molecule differs in structure to LSD by the simple replacement of the methyl group with an allyl group at the 6th nitrogen,
AL-LAD, or 6-allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide, is a semisynthetic [[alkaloid]] of the [[lysergamide]] family. AL-LAD is a structural analog of lysergic acid, with an N,N-diethylamide functional group bound to R<sub>N</sub> of the chemical structure. AL-LAD's chemical structure contains a bicyclic hexahydroindole fused to a bicyclic quinoline group (nor-lysergic acid). Unlike [[LSD]], AL-LAD does not contain a methyl group substituted at R<sub>6</sub> of its nor-lysergic acid skeleton, this is represented by the nor- prefix. Instead, AL-LAD is substituted at R<sub>6</sub> with an allyl group comprised of a methylene bridge bound to a vinyl substituent. At carbon 8 of the quinoline a N,N-diethyl carboxamide is bound.
AL-LAD is a chiral compound with two stereocenters at R<sub>5</sub> and R<sub>8</sub>. AL-LAD, also called (+)-D-AL-LAD, has an absolute configuration of (5''R'', 8''R''). The three other stereoisomers of AL-LAD do not have psychoactive properties.<ref name="TiKHAL"></ref>
When used within a drug testing kit, AL-LAD does not cause a colour change with the marquis, mecke or mandelin reagents<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ecstasydata.org/view.php?id=2829 | title = EcstasyData.org - AL-LAD (Not sold as ecstasy) | accessdate = 2013-12-25 | author = Ecstasydata}}</ref>, but does cause the ehrlich's reagent to turn purple because of the presence of the indole moiety in its structure.
AL-LAD does not cause a color change with the Marquis, Mecke or Mandelin reagents,<ref>{{Citation | title=DrugsData.org (was EcstasyData): Test Details : Result #2829 - AL-LAD, 2829 | url=https://www.drugsdata.org/view.php?id=2829}}</ref> but does cause the Ehrlich's reagent to turn purple because of the presence of the indole moiety in its structure.
==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
{{Main|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
{{Further|Serotonergic psychedelic}}
AL-LAD acts as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_System|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. The [[psychedelic]] effects are believed to come from AL-LAD's efficacy at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.
AL-LAD likely acts as a [[Serotonin#The_5-HT_system|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] [[Agonist#Agonists|partial agonist]]. The [[psychedelic]] effects are believed to come from AL-LAD's efficacy at the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain an object of scientific elucidation.
AL-LAD shares many common traits with [[LSD]]; it appears to be equal in potency as well as similar in mechanism. However, the progression and duration of effects are compressed due to its metabolic differences.
AL-LAD shares many common traits with its parent compound [[LSD]]; in humans it appears to be roughly equal (if slightly less) in potency as well as similar in mechanism although the progression and duration of effects are compressed (while remaining qualitatively less intense and more manageable - perhaps due to being catabolised more readily). In rats, however, AL-LAD was measured to be around twice the potency of LSD,<ref name="nichols" /> although anecdotal reports by humans have reported to be about equipotent if not slightly less potently psychoactive as [[LSD]].
==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
While the subjective effects are almost identical to that of [[LSD]], AL-LAD is significantly shorter in its duration. In comparison to its structural relative [[LSZ]], it is reported to be more introspective and stoning. It therefore comparatively lies on the opposite end of the spectrum of effects which most [[lysergamides]] are capable of producing.
While its subjective effects largely overlap with those of [[LSD]], AL-LAD is commonly reported to be significantly shorter in its duration and less uncomfortable in both its [[Uncomfortable_physical_effects|negative physical side effects]] and general [[anxiety]]. Some users have proposed that this compound could potentially serve as an effective introductory psychedelic, alongside other shorter-lasting and manageable psychedelics like [[2C-B]] or [[4-HO-MET]].
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[PsychonautWiki#Contributors|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely if ever occur all at once but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
===Physical effects===
|{{effects/physical|
The physical effects of AL-LAD can be broken down into five components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:
*'''[[Physical effects: Spontaneous tactile sensations|Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" of AL-LAD can be described as proportionally very intense in comparison to its accompanying visual and cognitive effects. It behaves as a euphoric, fast moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. For some it is manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the trip, but for most it maintains a steady presence that rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. At moderate to high doses of AL-LAD, this sensation will usually hit its highest level and become so overwhelming that people find themselves writhing on the floor in complete pleasure.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, AL-LAD is regarded as being able primarily stimulating in nature in the same vein as LSD. This is in distinction to other, more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocybin]] which are more consistent in producing [[sedation]] and [[muscle relaxation|relaxedness]].
*'''[[Physical effects: Stimulation|Stimulation]]''' - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the tripper, AL-LAD is usually considered to be very energetic and stimulating without being forced. For example, when taken in any environment it will usually encourage physical activities such as running, walking, climbing or dancing. In comparison, other more commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocin]] are generally sedating and relaxing.
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous bodily sensations]]''' - The "body high" of AL-LAD can be described as proportionally intense in comparison to its accompanying visual and cognitive effects. It behaves as a euphoric, fast-moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. For some, it is manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the experience, but for most it maintains a steady presence that rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. In comparison to LSD, it is a little less sharp in the tingling sensations it produces as but is otherwise essentially indistinguishable.
*'''[[Physical effects: Nausea|Nausea]]''' - Mild nausea is occasionally reported when consumed in moderate to high dosages and either passes instantly once the tripper has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
*'''[[Effect::Perception of bodily lightness]]''' - This component typically accompanies any feelings of [[stimulation]] that this compound can produce.
*'''[[Physical effects: Enhancement of touch|Enhancement of touch]]''' - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensation are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most AL-LAD trips. Once [[Visual_effects:_geometry_(psychedelic)#7A_-_Exposure_to_entirety_of_neurological_structure|level 8A geometry]] is reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present.
*'''[[Effect::Physical euphoria]]''' - It should be noted that this effect is not as reliably induceable as it is with substances like [[stimulants]] or [[entactogens]], and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort without any apparent reason.
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]''' - This effect is often accompanied by a sense of warmth or [[Unity and interconnectedness#Unity between the self and specific external systems|unity]] and usually occurs during and up to the peak of the experience or directly afterward. Users can feel as if they are physically part of or conjoined with other objects. This is usually reported as feeling comfortable and peaceful in its sensations.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensations are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most AL-LAD trips. If [[Effect::8A Geometry|level 8A geometry]] is reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once becomes consistently present.
*'''[[Effect::Temperature regulation suppression]]''' - This component can occur with the use of any lysergamide or psychedelic, but reports suggest it may be pronounced in AL-LAD. It is highly advised that users of this compound, especially at heavier doses, monitor their bodily temperature and use techniques like hot showers or cold packs to regulate their core and brain temperature throughout the experience, and to generally always maintain proximity to a climate-controlled environment.
*'''[[Effect::Increased bodily temperature]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Nausea]]''' - Mild nausea is occasionally reported when this substance is consumed in moderate to high dosages, usually during the peak, and either passes soon after the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
*'''[[Effect::Stamina enhancement]]''' - This is generally mild in comparison to traditional [[stimulants]].
*'''[[Effect::Bodily control enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Difficulty urinating]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased blood pressure]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased heart rate]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased perspiration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle contractions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Muscle spasms]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased libido]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Excessive yawning]]''' - This effect is significantly less pronounced than it is with [[psilocybin]] and its related compounds, the four-position [[Tryptamine#List of substituted tryptamines|substituted tryptamines]].
*'''[[Effect::Pupil dilation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Increased salivation]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Seizure]]''' - This is an effect whose likelihood is largely extrapolated from the seizures that have been reported from the use of [[LSD]]. They are thought to mainly be a risk in those who are genetically predisposed to them, particularly while accompanied by physically taxing conditions such as dehydration, fatigue or undernourishment.
===Cognitive effects===
}}
The cognitive effects of AL-LAD can be broken down into 14 components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[Psilocin]], [[LSA]] and [[Ayahuasca]], AL-LAD is significantly more stimulating and fast paced in terms of the specific style of thought stream which it produces and contains a large number of potential effects.
*'''[[Effect::Drifting]]''' ''([[Drifting#Melting|melting]], [[Drifting#Breathing|breathing]], [[Drifting#Morphing|morphing]] and [[Drifting#Flowing|flowing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed yet cartoon-like in appearance. The distortions are slow and smooth in motion and fleeting in their appearance. This is nearly identical in appearance to the visual drifting which occurs under the influence of [[LSD]].
*'''[[Effect::After images]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Colour shifting]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Depth perception distortions]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Diffraction]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Scenery slicing]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Symmetrical texture repetition]]'''
====[[Geometry]]====
The [[visual geometry]] evoked by AL-LAD can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[LSD]], [[2C-B]] or [[4-HO-MET]] than [[psilocin]], [[LSA]] or [[DMT]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as primarily intricate in complexity, algorithmic in form, unstructured in organization, brightly lit, colourful and cartoonish in scheme, organic in feel, flat in shading, soft in its edges, large in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, either angular or round in its corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, it consistently results in states of [[Effect::Level 8B]] visual geometry over [[Level 8A]].
In comparison to LSD specifically, AL-LAD's geometry tends to be more rounded in its corners, slightly softer in its edges, warmer in hue, and slightly less intricate in its form. Aside from this, it is otherwise identical in its appearance.
====Hallucinatory states====
AL-LAD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is a less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics such as [[psilocin]] or [[DMT]] but considerably more likely to when compared to that of [[LSD]]. This can feel similar to the hallucinations which occur with [[4-AcO-DMT]] but tends to occur almost exclusively at [[heavy|heavier]] [[dosage|doses]]. Some of these effects include:
*'''[[Effect::Machinescapes]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Transformations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Internal hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'') - This effect is very consistent in dark environments at appropriately high dosages. They can be comprehensively described through their [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability, [[Geometry|geometry]]-based in style and occasionally of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
*'''[[Effect::External hallucination]]''' (''[[effect::autonomous entities]]''; ''[[effect::settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]''; ''[[effect::perspective hallucinations]]'' and ''[[effect::scenarios and plots]]'')
}}
|{{effects/cognitive|
In comparison to other psychedelics such as [[psilocin]], [[LSA]] and [[ayahuasca]], AL-LAD is significantly more stimulating and fast-paced in terms of the specific style of thought stream which it produces and contains a large number of potential effects associated with both psychedelic tryptamines and phenethylamines. In comparison to [[LSD]], it is often reported to be less [[anxiety]]-provoking and generally more emotionally comfortable and forgiving.
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Enhancement of current mind state|Enhancement of current mind state]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Analysis enhancement]]''' - This effect is consistent in its manifestation and [[outrospection]] dominant.
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Acceleration of thought|Acceleration of thought]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Conceptual thinking]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Feelings of fascination, importance and awe|Feelings of fascination, importance and awe]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]''' - This component is, generally speaking less consistent and pronounced than it is with substances like [[psilocybin]] and [[MDMA]]. The mental euphoria experienced on AL-LAD is usually simply due to an enhancement of the user’s current psychological and emotional state coupled with its more regularly occurring effect, [[physical euphoria]].
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Time distortion|Time distortion]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]''' - This effect is experienced exclusively on low or [[Dosage#Threshold|threshold]] dosages and feels less forced than it does with [[stimulants]].
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Multiple thought streams|Multiple thought streams]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Immersion enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Cognitive effects: Removal of cultural filter|Removal of cultural filter]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Synaesthesia]]''' - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.
}}
{{effects/transpersonal|
*'''[[Effect::Existential self-realization]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of eternalism]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of self-design]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Perception of interdependent opposites]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Unity and interconnectedness]]'''
}}
}}
===Combination effects===
*'''[[Alcohol]]''' - Alcohol's central depressant effects can counteract some of the anxiety and bodily tension produced by AL-LAD. However, alcohol can cause [[dehydration]], [[nausea]] and [[physical fatigue]] which can negatively impact the tone of the trip. Users are advised to pace themselves and drink a portion of their usual amount.
*'''[[Benzodiazepines]]''' - Benzodiazepines are highly effective at reducing the intensity of AL-LAD's effects through the general suppression of brain activity.
*'''[[Cannabis]]''' - Cannabis strongly intensifies the sensory and cognitive effects of AL-LAD. Extreme caution is advised when using this combination as it can significantly increase the chances of a negative psychological reaction like [[anxiety]], [[confusion]] and [[psychosis]]. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their usual cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid over intake.
*'''[[Dissociatives]]''' - AL-LAD enhances the cognitive, visual and general hallucinatory effects of dissociatives. Dissociative-induced [[Visual_disconnection#Holes.2C_spaces_and_voids|holes, spaces, and voids]] and [[internal hallucinations]] become more vivid and intense on AL-LAD. These effects correspond with an increased risk of [[confusion]], [[delusions]], and [[psychosis]].
*'''[[MDMA]]''' - AL-LAD and MDMA are highly synergistic and mutually enhance each other's physical, cognitive, and visual effects. The synergy between these substances is unpredictable so it is advised to start with markedly lower doses than one would take for each individually. There is some evidence that suggests that co-administration of LSD with MDMA increases the neurotoxicity of the latter,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Armstrong|first1=B. D.|last2=Paik|first2=E.|last3=Chhith|first3=S.|last4=Lelievre|first4=V.|last5=Waschek|first5=J. A.|last6=Howard|first6=S. G.|year=2004|title=Potentiation of (DL)‐3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced toxicity by the serotonin 2A receptior partial agonist d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and the protection of same by the serotonin 2A/2C receptor antagonist MDL 11,939|journal=Neuroscience Research Communications|volume=35|issue=2|pages=83-95|doi=10.1002/nrc.20023|issn=1520-6769}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gudelsky|first1=Gary A.|last2=Yamamoto|first2=Bryan|last3=Nash|first3=J. Frank|year=1994|title=Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|volume=264|issue=3|pages=325-330|doi=10.1016/0014-2999(94)90669-6|issn=0014-2999}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Capela|first1=J. P.|last2=Fernandes|first2=E.|last3=Remião|first3=F.|last4=Bastos|first4=M. L.|last5=Meisel|first5=A.|last6=Carvalho|first6=F.|year=2007|title=Ecstasy induces apoptosis via 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>-receptor stimulation in cortical neurons|journal=Neurotoxicology|volume=28|issue=4|pages=868-875|pmid=17572501|doi=10.1016/j.neuro.2007.04.005|issn=0161-813X}}</ref> and this may extend to AL-LAD.
===Experience reports===
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:AL-LAD]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our [[experience index]].
{{further|Research chemicals#Toxicity and harm potential|Responsible use #Hallucinogens}}
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational AL-LAD use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact [[Toxicity::toxic dose is unknown]]. This is because AL-LAD is a [[research chemical]] with very little history of human usage.
The body of anecdotal reports suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
====Distortions====
As with other psychedelic substances, there are relatively few physical side effects that have been reported associated with acute AL-LAD exposure. Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is likely that as with [[LSD]] itself, AL-LAD is able to be considered non-addictive, with an [[Toxicity::extremely low toxicity]] relative to dose.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Passie|first1=T.|last2=Halpern|first2=J. H.|last3=Stichtenoth|first3=D. O.|last4=Emrich|first4=H. M.|last5=Hintzen|first5=A.|title=The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review|url=http://www.maps.org/w3pb/new/2008/2008_Passie_23067_1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501033627/http://www.maps.org/w3pb/new/2008/2008_Passie_23067_1.pdf|archive-date=May 1, 2013|access-date=January 1, 2020|journal=CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics|volume=14|pages=295–314|doi=10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00059.x|issn=1755-5930}}</ref> It is also likely that as with LSD, there are little to no negative physical, cognitive, psychiatric or other toxic consequences associated with acute AL-LAD exposure.
AL-LAD presents a full and complete array of visual distortions which generally include:
*'''[[Visual effects: Drifting|Visual drifting]]''' ''([[Visual effects: Drifting#Melting|Melting]], [[Visual effects: Drifting#Breathing|Breathing]], [[Visual effects: Drifting#Morphing|Morphing]] and [[Visual effects: Drifting#Flowing|Flowing]])'' - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed yet cartoon-like in appearance. The distortions are slow and smooth in motion and fleeting in their appearance.
*'''[[Visual effects: Tracers|Tracers]]'''
*'''[[Visual effects: After images|After images]]'''
However, as with LSD and psychedelics in general, it is possible that AL-LAD can act as a potential trigger for those with underlying psychiatric conditions. Those with a personal or family history of mental illness are generally advised not to use this substance, particularly outside of a supervised medical setting.
The visual geometry that is present throughout this trip can be described as more similar in appearance to that of [[2C-B]] or [[2C-I]] than [[Psilocin]], [[LSA]] or [[DMT]]. It can be comprehensively described through its [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#Variations|variations]] as primarily intricate in complexity, algorithmic in form, unstructured in organization, brightly lit, colourful in scheme, organic in feel, multicoloured in scheme, flat in shading, soft in its edges, large in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, round in its corners, unimmersive in depth and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, it consistently results in states of [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#8A_-_Exposure_to_entirety_of_neurological_structure|Level 8A]] visual geometry over [[Level 8B]].
====Hallucinatory states====
It is strongly recommended that one uses [[responsible drug use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
AL-LAD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is significantly less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics. These effects include:
*'''[[Visual effects: Internal hallucinations|Internal hallucinations]]''' (''[[Visual effects: Autonomous entities|Autonomous entities]]'', ''[[Visual effects: Settings, sceneries, and landscapes|Settings, sceneries, and landscapes]]'',''[[Visual effects: Alterations in perspective|Alterations in perspective]]'' and ''[[Visual effects: Scenarios and plots|Scenarios and plots]]'') - Although AL-LAD is technically capable of producing hallucinatory states in a fashion that is on par with [[psilocin]] or [[DMT]] in its vividness and intensity, these effects are extremely rare and inconsistent in comparison. Whilst traditional psychedelics such as [[LSA]], [[Ayahuasca]] and [[Mescaline]] will induce internal hallucinations near consistently at level 5 [[Visual effects: Geometry|geometry]] and above, AL-LAD will for most simply go straight into [[Visual_effects:_Geometry#8A_-_Exposure_to_entirety_of_neurological_structure|Level 8A]] visual geometry. This lack of consistently induced hallucinatory breakthroughs means that for most, AL-LAD is simply not as deep of an experience as certain other psychedelics. On the rare occasion that they are induced however, they can be comprehensively described in terms of their [[Visual_effects:_Internal_hallucinations#Variations|variations]] as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability and [[Visual effects: Geometry|geometry]]-based in appearance.
Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is not unreasonable to assume that as with LSD itself, AL-LAD is [[Addiction potential::not habit-forming]] and that the desire to use it can actually decrease with use.
===Auditory effects===
Tolerance to the effects of AL-LAD is built [[Time to full tolerance::almost immediately after ingestion]]. After that, it takes about [[Time to half tolerance::5-7 days]] for the tolerance to be reduced to half and [[Time to zero tolerance::14 days]] to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). AL-LAD presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all [[psychedelic]]s]], meaning that after the use of AL-LAD all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
The auditory effects of AL-LAD are common in their occurrence and exhibit a full range of effects which commonly includes:
The toxicity and long term health effects of recreational AL-LAD use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because AL-LAD is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychedelic community who have tried AL-LAD suggests that there is no negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses or using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
The LD<sub>50</sub> of AL-LAD is unknown. Adverse psychological reactions are common especially at higher dosages. Some of these include [[anxiety]], [[delusions]], [[panic attacks]] and more rarely [[seizures]]. Medical attention is usually only needed if suspected of severe psychotic episodes or “fake acid” (such as [[25i-NBOMe]] or [[DOB]]). Administration of [[benzodiazepines]] or [[antipsychotics]] can help to relieve the negative cognitive effects of AL-LAD.
===Tolerance and Addiction Potential===
AL-LAD is non-habit forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
An almost immediate tolerance is built to AL-LAD after ingestion, preventing one from experiencing its full effects more often than every 4-7 days unless they increase their dose significantly.
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Psychedelics}}
==Legal issues==
==Legal status==
AL-LAD is currently a legal research chemical in the UK, however it is illegal in the US under the analogue act. It is unclear in many countries whether it is legal or not and one should take precaution and assume it is illegal to avoid legal issues.
AL-LAD is currently a gray area compound within many parts of the world. This means that it is not known to be specifically illegal within most countries, but people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analog laws and with the intent to sell or consume.
On June 10th, 2014 the UK ACMD recommended that AL-LAD be specifically named in the UK Misuse of Drugs Act as a class A drug despite not identifying any harm associated with its use.<ref name="ACMD tryptamines">{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/318693/UpdateGenericDefinitionTryptamines.pdf | title=Update of the Generic Definition for Tryptamines | publisher=UK Home Office | date=10 June 2014 | accessdate=10 June 2014 | author=ACMD|page=12}}</ref>
*'''Austria''': AL-LAD is technically not illegal but it may fall in the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) as an analogue of LSD. {{citation needed}}
*'''Denmark''': As of August 25, 2015, AL-LAD is specifically named on the list of illegal substances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk/da/nyheder/2015/bekendtgoerelse-om-euforiserende-stoffer-ni-nye-stoffer-tilfoejet|title=Bekendtgørelse om euforiserende stoffer - ni nye stoffer tilføjet|publisher=Lægemiddelstyrelsen [Danish Medicines Ageny]|date=August 31, 2015|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=da}}</ref>
*'''Germany''': AL-LAD is controlled under the NpSG (''New Psychoactive Substances Act'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/anlage.html|title=Anlage NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref> as of July 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl119s1083.pdf|title=Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes|publisher=Bundesanzeiger Verlag|work=Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2019 Teil I Nr. 27|pages=1083-1094|publication-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=January 1, 2020|language=de}}</ref> Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/npsg/__4.html|title=§ 4 NpSG|publisher=Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]|access-date=December 10, 2019|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Japan''': AL-LAD is a controlled substance in Japan effective February 28th, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/iyakuhin/yakubuturanyou/oshirase/20200228-1.html|title=指定薬物を指定する省令が公布されました|publisher=厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]|access-date=May 2, 2022|language=ja}}</ref>
*'''Latvia''': AL-LAD is illegal in Latvia. Although it isn't officially scheduled, it is controlled as an LSD structural analog due to an amendment made on June 1, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=121086|title=Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem|publisher=VSIA Latvijas Vēstnesis|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=November 10, 2005|language=lv}}</ref>
*'''Sweden''': Following its sale as a [[designer drug]], AL-LAD was made illegal in Sweden on January 26, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2016/januari/31-nya-substanser-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara|title=31 nya substanser klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara|publisher=Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency of Sweden]|access-date=January 1, 2020|publication-date=January 26, 2016|language=sv}}</ref>
*'''Switzerland''': 21 substances, including AL-LAD, were added to the list of illegal substances including on December 1, 2015. It is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/official-compilation/2015/5093.pdf|title=Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel,psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien: Änderung vom 2. November 2015|access-date=January 1, 2020|publisher=Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]|language=de}}</ref>
*'''Turkey''': AL-LAD is illegal in Turkey as of February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/03/20160308-4.pdf|publisher=Resmi Gazete |access-date=January 15, 2020|language=tr|title=Karar Sayısı : 2016/8548}}</ref>
*'''United Kingdom''': As of January 7, 2015, AL-LAD is specifically named in the U.K. Misuse of Drugs Act as a Class A controlled substance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/318693/UpdateGenericDefinitionTryptamines.pdf|title=Update of the generic definition for tryptamines|date=June 10, 2014|access-date=January 1, 2020|publisher=Government Digital Service|page=12|author=Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs}}</ref>
*'''United States''': AL-LAD is unscheduled but can be considered to be an analogue of LSD, which would make it illegal to possess for human consumption under the Federal Analogue Act.{{citation needed}}
*[http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/679138-The-Big-amp-Dandy-AL-LAD-Thread-Part-1 The Big & Dandy AL-LAD Thread - Part 1 (Bluelight)]
==Literature==
*Hoffman, A. J., & Nichols, D. E. (1985). Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N (6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N, N-diethylamide derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 28(9), 1252-1255. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00147a022.
*Watts, V. J., Mailman, R. B., Lawler, C. P., Neve, K. A., & Nichols, D. E. (1995). LSD and structural analogs: pharmacological evaluation at D1 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology, 118(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245940.
*Niwaguchi, T., Nakahara, Y., & Ishii, H. (1976). Studies on lysergic acid diethylamide and related compounds. IV. Syntheses of various amide derivatives of norlysergic acid and related compounds. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 96(5), 673-678. PMID 987200.
*Pfaff, R. C., Huang, X., Marona-Lewicka, D., Oberlender, R., & Nichols, D. E. (1994). [http://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/146.pdf Lysergamides Revisited.] NIDA Research Monograph, 146, 52-73. PMID: 8742794.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
6-Allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (also known as N-allyl-nor-lysergic acid N,N-diethylamide, N-allyl-nor-LSD, or commonly as AL-LAD) is a novel psychedelic substance of the lysergamide class. AL-LAD is chemically similar to LSD and has a similar mechanism of action, working primarily by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain.
AL-LAD was first investigated in 1984 by Andrew J. Hoffman and David Nichols as part of a series of LSD analogs, which also included ETH-LAD and PRO-LAD.[1] Its activity in humans was later documented by Alexander Shulgin in his book TiHKAL ("Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved"), in which it is described as "one of the several very potent compounds in a large series of nor-LSD analogues".[2] In 2013, AL-LAD appeared for sale on the research chemical market,[3] where it has been commonly marketed alongside lysergamides such as 1P-LSD, ALD-52 and ETH-LAD as a legal, grey-market alternative to LSD.
User reports describe the effects of AL-LAD as similar to those of LSD with some subtle differences. It is thought to either be equally or moderately less potent than LSD itself, with an active dose reported at between 75 and 150 micrograms. It is often described as being more visually-oriented but with a less introspective headspace. It also has a moderately shorter duration and is generally considered to be a less anxiety-provoking and challenging version of LSD.
Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of AL-LAD. While it is often characterized by users as being generally more recreational and non-threatening compared to LSD, it is highly advised to approach this highly potent hallucinogenic substance with the proper amount of precaution and harm reduction practices if using it.
AL-LAD, or 6-allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide, is a semisynthetic alkaloid of the lysergamide family. AL-LAD is a structural analog of lysergic acid, with an N,N-diethylamide functional group bound to RN of the chemical structure. AL-LAD's chemical structure contains a bicyclic hexahydroindole fused to a bicyclic quinoline group (nor-lysergic acid). Unlike LSD, AL-LAD does not contain a methyl group substituted at R6 of its nor-lysergic acid skeleton, this is represented by the nor- prefix. Instead, AL-LAD is substituted at R6 with an allyl group comprised of a methylene bridge bound to a vinyl substituent. At carbon 8 of the quinoline a N,N-diethyl carboxamide is bound.
AL-LAD is a chiral compound with two stereocenters at R5 and R8. AL-LAD, also called (+)-D-AL-LAD, has an absolute configuration of (5R, 8R). The three other stereoisomers of AL-LAD do not have psychoactive properties.[2]
AL-LAD does not cause a color change with the Marquis, Mecke or Mandelin reagents,[4] but does cause the Ehrlich's reagent to turn purple because of the presence of the indole moiety in its structure.
AL-LAD likely acts as a 5-HT2Apartial agonist. The psychedelic effects are believed to come from AL-LAD's efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptors. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain an object of scientific elucidation.
AL-LAD shares many common traits with its parent compound LSD; in humans it appears to be roughly equal (if slightly less) in potency as well as similar in mechanism although the progression and duration of effects are compressed (while remaining qualitatively less intense and more manageable - perhaps due to being catabolised more readily). In rats, however, AL-LAD was measured to be around twice the potency of LSD,[1] although anecdotal reports by humans have reported to be about equipotent if not slightly less potently psychoactive as LSD.
Subjective effects
While its subjective effects largely overlap with those of LSD, AL-LAD is commonly reported to be significantly shorter in its duration and less uncomfortable in both its negative physical side effects and general anxiety. Some users have proposed that this compound could potentially serve as an effective introductory psychedelic, alongside other shorter-lasting and manageable psychedelics like 2C-B or 4-HO-MET.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects
Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the physical energy levels of the user, AL-LAD is regarded as being able primarily stimulating in nature in the same vein as LSD. This is in distinction to other, more commonly used psychedelics such as psilocybin which are more consistent in producing sedation and relaxedness.
Spontaneous bodily sensations - The "body high" of AL-LAD can be described as proportionally intense in comparison to its accompanying visual and cognitive effects. It behaves as a euphoric, fast-moving, sharp and location specific tingling sensation. For some, it is manifested spontaneously at different unpredictable points throughout the experience, but for most it maintains a steady presence that rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. In comparison to LSD, it is a little less sharp in the tingling sensations it produces as but is otherwise essentially indistinguishable.
Physical euphoria - It should be noted that this effect is not as reliably induceable as it is with substances like stimulants or entactogens, and can just as easily manifest as physical discomfort without any apparent reason.
Changes in felt bodily form - This effect is often accompanied by a sense of warmth or unity and usually occurs during and up to the peak of the experience or directly afterward. Users can feel as if they are physically part of or conjoined with other objects. This is usually reported as feeling comfortable and peaceful in its sensations.
Tactile enhancement - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensations are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most AL-LAD trips. If level 8A geometry is reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once becomes consistently present.
Temperature regulation suppression - This component can occur with the use of any lysergamide or psychedelic, but reports suggest it may be pronounced in AL-LAD. It is highly advised that users of this compound, especially at heavier doses, monitor their bodily temperature and use techniques like hot showers or cold packs to regulate their core and brain temperature throughout the experience, and to generally always maintain proximity to a climate-controlled environment.
Nausea - Mild nausea is occasionally reported when this substance is consumed in moderate to high dosages, usually during the peak, and either passes soon after the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
Seizure - This is an effect whose likelihood is largely extrapolated from the seizures that have been reported from the use of LSD. They are thought to mainly be a risk in those who are genetically predisposed to them, particularly while accompanied by physically taxing conditions such as dehydration, fatigue or undernourishment.
Drifting(melting, breathing, morphing and flowing) - In comparison to other psychedelics, this effect can be described as highly detailed yet cartoon-like in appearance. The distortions are slow and smooth in motion and fleeting in their appearance. This is nearly identical in appearance to the visual drifting which occurs under the influence of LSD.
The visual geometry evoked by AL-LAD can be described as more similar in appearance to that of LSD, 2C-B or 4-HO-MET than psilocin, LSA or DMT. It can be comprehensively described through its variations as primarily intricate in complexity, algorithmic in form, unstructured in organization, brightly lit, colourful and cartoonish in scheme, organic in feel, flat in shading, soft in its edges, large in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, either angular or round in its corners, non-immersive in-depth and consistent in intensity. At higher dosages, it consistently results in states of Level 8B visual geometry over Level 8A.
In comparison to LSD specifically, AL-LAD's geometry tends to be more rounded in its corners, slightly softer in its edges, warmer in hue, and slightly less intricate in its form. Aside from this, it is otherwise identical in its appearance.
Hallucinatory states
AL-LAD is capable of producing a full range of low and high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is a less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics such as psilocin or DMT but considerably more likely to when compared to that of LSD. This can feel similar to the hallucinations which occur with 4-AcO-DMT but tends to occur almost exclusively at heavierdoses. Some of these effects include:
Internal hallucination (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; perspective hallucinations and scenarios and plots) - This effect is very consistent in dark environments at appropriately high dosages. They can be comprehensively described through their variations as lucid in believability, interactive in style, new experiences in content, autonomous in controllability, geometry-based in style and occasionally of a personal, religious, spiritual, science-fiction, fantasy, surreal, nonsensical or transcendental nature in their overall theme.
In comparison to other psychedelics such as psilocin, LSA and ayahuasca, AL-LAD is significantly more stimulating and fast-paced in terms of the specific style of thought stream which it produces and contains a large number of potential effects associated with both psychedelic tryptamines and phenethylamines. In comparison to LSD, it is often reported to be less anxiety-provoking and generally more emotionally comfortable and forgiving.
The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:
Cognitive euphoria - This component is, generally speaking less consistent and pronounced than it is with substances like psilocybin and MDMA. The mental euphoria experienced on AL-LAD is usually simply due to an enhancement of the user’s current psychological and emotional state coupled with its more regularly occurring effect, physical euphoria.
Synaesthesia - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.
Alcohol - Alcohol's central depressant effects can counteract some of the anxiety and bodily tension produced by AL-LAD. However, alcohol can cause dehydration, nausea and physical fatigue which can negatively impact the tone of the trip. Users are advised to pace themselves and drink a portion of their usual amount.
Benzodiazepines - Benzodiazepines are highly effective at reducing the intensity of AL-LAD's effects through the general suppression of brain activity.
Cannabis - Cannabis strongly intensifies the sensory and cognitive effects of AL-LAD. Extreme caution is advised when using this combination as it can significantly increase the chances of a negative psychological reaction like anxiety, confusion and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their usual cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid over intake.
MDMA - AL-LAD and MDMA are highly synergistic and mutually enhance each other's physical, cognitive, and visual effects. The synergy between these substances is unpredictable so it is advised to start with markedly lower doses than one would take for each individually. There is some evidence that suggests that co-administration of LSD with MDMA increases the neurotoxicity of the latter,[5][6][7] and this may extend to AL-LAD.
Experience reports
There are currently 3 anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational AL-LAD use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because AL-LAD is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.
The body of anecdotal reports suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
As with other psychedelic substances, there are relatively few physical side effects that have been reported associated with acute AL-LAD exposure. Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is likely that as with LSD itself, AL-LAD is able to be considered non-addictive, with an extremely low toxicity relative to dose.[8] It is also likely that as with LSD, there are little to no negative physical, cognitive, psychiatric or other toxic consequences associated with acute AL-LAD exposure.
However, as with LSD and psychedelics in general, it is possible that AL-LAD can act as a potential trigger for those with underlying psychiatric conditions. Those with a personal or family history of mental illness are generally advised not to use this substance, particularly outside of a supervised medical setting.
Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is not unreasonable to assume that as with LSD itself, AL-LAD is not habit-forming and that the desire to use it can actually decrease with use.
Tolerance to the effects of AL-LAD is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 5-7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 14 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). AL-LAD presents cross-tolerance with [[Cross-tolerance::all psychedelics]], meaning that after the use of AL-LAD all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
Overdose
The LD50 of AL-LAD is unknown. Adverse psychological reactions are common especially at higher dosages. Some of these include anxiety, delusions, panic attacks and more rarely seizures. Medical attention is usually only needed if suspected of severe psychotic episodes or “fake acid” (such as 25i-NBOMe or DOB). Administration of benzodiazepines or antipsychotics can help to relieve the negative cognitive effects of AL-LAD.
Dangerous interactions
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
[[Wikipedia:Lithium_(medication)|DangerousInteraction::Lithium]] - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
"[[UncertainInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of AL-LAD. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
"[[UnsafeInteraction" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]] - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold[9] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.[citation needed]
Legal status
AL-LAD is currently a gray area compound within many parts of the world. This means that it is not known to be specifically illegal within most countries, but people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analog laws and with the intent to sell or consume.
Austria: AL-LAD is technically not illegal but it may fall in the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich) as an analogue of LSD. [citation needed]
Denmark: As of August 25, 2015, AL-LAD is specifically named on the list of illegal substances.[10]
Germany: AL-LAD is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[11] as of July 18, 2019.[12] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[13]
Japan: AL-LAD is a controlled substance in Japan effective February 28th, 2020.[14]
Latvia: AL-LAD is illegal in Latvia. Although it isn't officially scheduled, it is controlled as an LSD structural analog due to an amendment made on June 1, 2015.[15]
Sweden: Following its sale as a designer drug, AL-LAD was made illegal in Sweden on January 26, 2016.[16]
Switzerland: 21 substances, including AL-LAD, were added to the list of illegal substances including on December 1, 2015. It is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.[17]
Turkey: AL-LAD is illegal in Turkey as of February 2016.[18]
United Kingdom: As of January 7, 2015, AL-LAD is specifically named in the U.K. Misuse of Drugs Act as a Class A controlled substance.[19]
United States: AL-LAD is unscheduled but can be considered to be an analogue of LSD, which would make it illegal to possess for human consumption under the Federal Analogue Act.[citation needed]
Hoffman, A. J., & Nichols, D. E. (1985). Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N (6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N, N-diethylamide derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 28(9), 1252-1255. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00147a022.
Watts, V. J., Mailman, R. B., Lawler, C. P., Neve, K. A., & Nichols, D. E. (1995). LSD and structural analogs: pharmacological evaluation at D1 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology, 118(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245940.
Niwaguchi, T., Nakahara, Y., & Ishii, H. (1976). Studies on lysergic acid diethylamide and related compounds. IV. Syntheses of various amide derivatives of norlysergic acid and related compounds. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 96(5), 673-678. PMID 987200.
Pfaff, R. C., Huang, X., Marona-Lewicka, D., Oberlender, R., & Nichols, D. E. (1994). Lysergamides Revisited. NIDA Research Monograph, 146, 52-73. PMID: 8742794.
References
↑ 1.01.1Hoffman, Andrew J.; Nichols, David E. (1985). "Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 28 (9): 1252–1255. doi:10.1021/jm00147a022. ISSN0022-2623.
↑Brandt, S. D.; Kavanagh, P. V.; Westphal, F.; Elliott, S. P.; Wallach, J.; Colestock, T.; Burrow, T. E.; Chapman, S. J.; Stratford, A.; Nichols, D. E.; Halberstadt, A. L. (2016). "Return of the lysergamides. Part II: Analytical and behavioural characterization of N6‐allyl‐6‐norlysergic acid diethylamide (AL‐LAD) and (2´S,4´S)‐lysergic acid 2,4‐dimethylazetidide (LSZ)". Drug Testing and Analysis. 9 (1): 38–50. doi:10.1002/dta.1985. ISSN1942-7603.
↑Armstrong, B. D.; Paik, E.; Chhith, S.; Lelievre, V.; Waschek, J. A.; Howard, S. G. (2004). "Potentiation of (DL)‐3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced toxicity by the serotonin 2A receptior partial agonist d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and the protection of same by the serotonin 2A/2C receptor antagonist MDL 11,939". Neuroscience Research Communications. 35 (2): 83–95. doi:10.1002/nrc.20023. ISSN1520-6769.
↑Gudelsky, Gary A.; Yamamoto, Bryan; Nash, J. Frank (1994). "Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists". European Journal of Pharmacology. 264 (3): 325–330. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90669-6. ISSN0014-2999.
↑Capela, J. P.; Fernandes, E.; Remião, F.; Bastos, M. L.; Meisel, A.; Carvalho, F. (2007). "Ecstasy induces apoptosis via 5-HT2A-receptor stimulation in cortical neurons". Neurotoxicology. 28 (4): 868–875. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.04.005. ISSN0161-813X. PMID17572501.
↑Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN1556-9039.
↑"Anlage NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑"§ 4 NpSG" (in Deutsch). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑"指定薬物を指定する省令が公布されました" (in 日本語). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
