This is an unofficial archive of PsychonautWiki as of 2025-08-11T15:14:44Z. Content on this page may be outdated, incomplete, or inaccurate. Please refer to the original page for the most up-to-date information.
{{decree|type=notice|message=This article is in the 'Talk' namespace because it is an unfinished draft. This section is used to host drafts for unpublished articles as well as discussions for published ones. If you'd like to use this area to discuss this draft, please do so in the 'Discussion' section at the very bottom of the page. This notice will be removed once this draft has been approved for publication by an administrator.}}
{{headerpanel|{{approval}}}}
{{SummarySheet}}
{{SubstanceBox/DXO}}
Dextrorphan (DXO) is the pro-drug for [[Dextromethorphan]]. This means that it is metabolized in the body from DXM to form DXO, both of which are active chemicals which contribute towards the experience of subjective effects. The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] as well as essentially inactive as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Psychotropic Effects of Dextromethorphan Are Altered by the CYP2D6 Polymorphism: A Pilot Study [http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=1998&issue=08000&article=00014&type=abstract]</ref>
'''Dextrorphan''' (also known as '''DXO''') is a [[dissociative]] drug of the [[morphinan]] class. It's the main active metabolite of [[dextromethorphan]] ('''DXM'''). It appears as a colorless powder.<ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 | https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml</ref>
==See Also==
==Chemistry==
Dextrorphan is a dextrorotatory molecule of the morphinan class. It contains a phenanthrene core structure with one aromatic ring (benzene) bound to two saturated rings (cyclohexane). [[Dextromethorphan]] is metabolized in the body by o-demethylation through the CYP2D6 enzyme to form Dextrorphan.<ref>Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of dextromethorphan: fetal and adult studies. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1306804</ref>
==Pharmacology==
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an [[NMDA receptor antagonist]] as well as essentially inactive as a [[serotonin]] [[reuptake inhibitor]].<ref>Psychotropic Effects of Dextromethorphan Are Altered by the CYP2D6 Polymorphism: A Pilot Study | http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=1998&issue=08000&article=00014&type=abstract</ref> DXO is an active chemical and contributes to the [[DXM#Subjective effects|subjective effects]] experienced when active doses of DXM are consumed.<ref>Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders - 3. Pharmacodynamics (January 2016) | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292212463_Dextromethorphan_An_update_on_its_utility_for_neurological_and_neuropsychiatric_disorders</ref>
===Binding affinities (K<sub>i</sub>)===
* NMDA antagonist - 486 nM
* Sigma-1 agonist - 351 nM
* Serotonin transporter (SERT) - 484 nM
* Mu opioid agonist - 420 nM
==Subjective effects==
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
One user reported excessive itchiness accompanied by a "peaceful yet emotionless state" after 340mg of the substance was consumed.<ref>
"Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student." Erowid DXM Vault : An Unpleasant Exploration of DXO, by Student. Erowid.org, 15 Sept. 2001. Web. 15 Apr. 2015 | https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_info3.shtml</ref>
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
*'''[[Effect::Appetite suppression]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Changes in felt bodily form]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Gustatory hallucinations]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Itchiness]]''' - This effect has become subsequently known as "robo-itch" and though relatively common there are many users who never experience this particular effect while some individuals can experience it quite intensely.
There are currently {{#ask:[[Category:DXO]][[Category:Experience]] | format=count}} experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our [[experience index]].
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this substance.
===Lethal dosage===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Dangerous interactions===
{{DangerousInteractions}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Intro}}
{{DangerousInteractions/Dissociatives}}
==Legal issues==
{{legalStub}}
* '''Germany''': Dextrorphan is uncontrolled.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
* '''Poland''': Dextrorphan is unscheduled.<ref>List of scheduled substances in Poland. | http://www2.mz.gov.pl/wwwfiles/ma_struktura/docs/zal2_uopnarkomanii_29072005.pdf</ref>
* '''United States''': Dextrorphan is unscheduled since October 1, 1976.<ref>DEA: "Lists of: Scheduling Actions Controlled Substances Regulated Chemicals"</ref>
This article is in the 'Talk' namespace because it is an unfinished draft. This section is used to host drafts for unpublished articles as well as discussions for published ones. If you'd like to use this area to discuss this draft, please do so in the 'Discussion' section at the very bottom of the page. This notice will be removed once this draft has been approved for publication by an administrator.
It may contain incorrect information, particularly with respect to dosage, duration, subjective effects, toxicity and other risks. It may also not meet PW style and grammar standards.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Dextrorphan (also known as DXO) is a dissociative drug of the morphinan class. It's the main active metabolite of dextromethorphan (DXM). It appears as a colorless powder.[1]
Dextrorphan is a dextrorotatory molecule of the morphinan class. It contains a phenanthrene core structure with one aromatic ring (benzene) bound to two saturated rings (cyclohexane). Dextromethorphan is metabolized in the body by o-demethylation through the CYP2D6 enzyme to form Dextrorphan.[2]
Pharmacology
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an NMDA receptor antagonist as well as essentially inactive as a serotoninreuptake inhibitor.[3] DXO is an active chemical and contributes to the subjective effects experienced when active doses of DXM are consumed.[4]
Binding affinities (Ki)
NMDA antagonist - 486 nM
Sigma-1 agonist - 351 nM
Serotonin transporter (SERT) - 484 nM
Mu opioid agonist - 420 nM
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
One user reported excessive itchiness accompanied by a "peaceful yet emotionless state" after 340mg of the substance was consumed.[5]
Itchiness - This effect has become subsequently known as "robo-itch" and though relatively common there are many users who never experience this particular effect while some individuals can experience it quite intensely.
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Warning:Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Depressants (e.g. 2M2B, alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, GHB/GBL, methaqualone, opioids) - This combination potentiates the muscle relaxation, amnesia, sedation, and respiratory depression caused by one another and at higher doses, can lead to a sudden, unexpected loss of consciousness along with dangerously depressed respiration. There is also an increased risk of vomiting while unconsciousness and dying from the resulting suffocation. If nausea or vomiting occurs before consciousness is lost, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it.
Stimulants (e.g. amphetamine, cocaine, methylphenidate, MDMA) - This combination can potentiate the anxiety-inducing, manic, delusional and disinhibiting effects of dissociatives, particularly those without pronounced motor suppressing components such as ketamine. The sum of these effects can increase the likelihood of an anxiety attack, delusions or a psychotic episode. There is also evidence that suggests that combining these two increases their neurotoxicity.[citation needed] Anecdotally, worsened comedowns are also commonly reported when these two classes of substances are combined.
