Sleepiness
Sleepiness (also known as drowsiness) can be described as an increased urge to sleep combined with a growing inability to stay awake without feeling a decrease in one's physical energy levels.[1][2][3] Unlike sedation, this effect does not necessarily decrease physical energy levels but instead decreases wakefulness, resulting in a propensity for tired, clouded, and sleep-prone behaviour. This can lead into a decreased motivation to perform tasks, as the increase in one's desire to sleep begins to outweigh other considerations. Prolonged exposure to this effect without appropriate rest can lead to cognitive fatigue and a range of other cognitive suppressions.
Sleepiness is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of a wide variety of compounds such as cannabinoids,[4] GABAergic depressants,[5][6] opioids,[7] antipsychotics,[8] some antihistamines,[9] and certain psychedelics. However, it is worth noting that the few compounds which selectively induce this effect without a number of other accompanying effects are referred to as hypnotics.
Psychoactive substances
Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:
- 5-Hydroxytryptophan
- Alcohol
- Alprazolam
- Baclofen
- Benzodiazepines
- Blue Lotus
- Bromazepam
- Cannabidiol
- Cannabis
- Clonazepam
- Clonazolam
- Codeine
- Datura
- Dextromethorphan
- Diazepam
- Diclazepam
- Diphenhydramine
- Etizolam
- Flualprazolam
- Flubromazepam
- Flubromazolam
- Flunitrazepam
- Flunitrazolam
- GBL
- GHB
- Gabapentin
- Galantamine
- Haloperidol
- Hydrocodone
- Kratom
- Melatonin
- Myristicin
- Nifoxipam
- Phenibut
- Progesterone
- Promethazine
- Quetiapine
- Risperidone
- Tapentadol
- Tizanidine
- Zolpidem
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Sleepiness definition | https://www.thefreedictionary.com/sleepiness
- ↑ Guilleminault, C., & Brooks, S. N. (2001). Excessive daytime sleepiness: a challenge for the practising neurologist. Brain, 124(8), 1482-1491. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.8.1482
- ↑ Bereshpolova, Y., Stoelzel, C. R., Zhuang, J., Amitai, Y., Alonso, J. M., & Swadlow, H. A. (2011). Getting drowsy? Alert/nonalert transitions and visual thalamocortical network dynamics. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(48), 17480-17487. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2262-11.2011
- ↑ Cannabis and Sleep: 10 Things to Know About Your Herbal Nightcap (leafly) | https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/cannabis-and-sleep
- ↑ The Effects of Alcohol on Sleep (UC Davis) |https://shcs.ucdavis.edu/blog/archive/healthy-habits/effects-alcohol-sleep
- ↑ Benzodiazepines – Types, Side Effects, Addiction, and Withdrawal (tuck.com) | https://www.tuck.com/benzodiazepines/
- ↑ Corey, P. J., Heck, A. M., & Weathermon, R. A. (1999). Amphetamines to counteract opioid-induced sedation. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 33(12), 1362-1366. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.19024
- ↑ Combating Drowsiness Caused by Antipsychotics (PsycheCentral) | https://blogs.psychcentral.com/bipolar-laid-bare/2016/07/combating-drowsiness-caused-by-antipsychotics/
- ↑ Why Do Antihistamines Make You Drowsy? (livescience) | https://www.livescience.com/41999-antihistamines-drowsy-benadryl-allergies.html