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Talk:Hydroxyzine

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Summary sheet: Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names Vistaril, Atarax
Substitutive name Hydroxyzine
Systematic name 2-[2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethanol
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Depressant
Chemical class Diphenylmethylpiperazine
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



Oral
Dosage
Threshold 10 mg
Light 25 - 50 mg
Common 50 - 100 mg
Strong 100 - 150 mg
Heavy 150 mg +
Duration
Total 4 - 6 hours
Onset 15 - 30 minutes
Peak 2 - 4 hours
After effects 14 - 26 hours









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions


Hydroxyzine is a antihistamine substance of the diphenylmethylpiperazine class. It is in the piperazine family of chemicals.[1] It's main mechanism of action is as a potent and selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist.[2][3]

Hydroxyzine is used in the treatment of itchiness, anxiety, and nausea due to motion sickness.[4]

Ferreri et al. (1995), in a placebo-controlled study, found hydroxyzine to be effective for the treatment of GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) after 1 week of treatment and maintained the improvement throughout the study.[5]

Recreational use of hydroxyzine is inprofilable and isn't associated with dependence and abuse, but with fast tolerance.

History and culture

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As a result, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

It was first made by Union Chimique Belge in 1956 and was approved for sale by Pfizer in the United States later that year.[6][7] In the United Kingdom 28 doses cost less than a pound.[8] In the United States the wholesale cost in 2018 was about 0.05 USD per dose.[9] In the United States about 8 million prescriptions were written for hydroxyzine in 2016.[10]

Chemistry

This chemistry section is incomplete.

You can help by adding to it.

Hydroxyzine is a member of the diphenylmethylpiperazine class of antihistamines.

Analogues of hydroxyzine include buclizine, cetirizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, etodroxizine, meclizine, and pipoxizine among others.

Hydroxyzine is synthesized by the alkylation of 1-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine with 2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethanol[11]

Pharmacology

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Hydroxyzine is as a potent and selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist. This action is responsible for its antihistamine and sedative effects.[12][13] Hydroxyzine also has very low affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and in accordance, has low or no propensity for producing anticholinergic side effects. In addition to its antihistamine activity, hydroxyzine has also been shown to act more weakly as an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, the dopamine D2 receptor, and the α1-adrenergic receptor, what causes anxiolytic.[14][15]

Subjective effects

This subjective effects section is a stub.

As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information.

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Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Physical effects

Visual effects

Cognitive effects

Auditory effects

Multi-sensory effects

Transpersonal effects

Experience reports

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.

As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it.
Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Lethal dosage

Tolerance and addiction potential

Dangerous interactions

This dangerous interactions section is a stub.

As such, it may contain incomplete or invalid information. You can help by expanding upon or correcting it.

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

This legality section is a stub.

As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

See also

Literature

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References

  1. "Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 21 Nov 2018.
  2. Szepietowski J, Weisshaar E (2016). Itin P, Jemec GB (eds.). Itch - Management in Clinical Practice. Current Problems in Dermatology. 50. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 1–80. ISBN 9783318058895.
  3. Hosák L, Hrdlička M, et al. (2017). Psychiatry and Pedopsychiatry. Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. p. 364. ISBN 9788024633787.
  4. "Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 21 Nov 2018.
  5. Rosario B. Hidalgo, David V. Sheehan, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2012
  6. "Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 21 Nov 2018.
  7. Shorter E (2009). Before Prozac: the troubled history of mood disorders in psychiatry. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195368741.
  8. British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. X. ISBN 978-0857112989.
  9. "NADAC as of 2018-11-21". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved 21 Nov 2018.
  10. British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. X. ISBN 978-0857112989.
  11. H. Morren, U.S. Patent 2,899,436 (1959); H. Morren, DE 1049383 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1061786 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1068262 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1072624 (1954); H. Morren, DE 1075116 (1954).
  12. Szepietowski J, Weisshaar E (2016). Itin P, Jemec GB (eds.). Itch - Management in Clinical Practice. Current Problems in Dermatology. 50. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 1–80. ISBN 9783318058895.
  13. Hosák L, Hrdlička M, et al. (2017). Psychiatry and Pedopsychiatry. Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. p. 364. ISBN 9788024633787.
  14. Snowman AM, Snyder SH (1990). "Cetirizine: actions on neurotransmitter receptors". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 86 (6 Pt 2): 1025–8. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(05)80248-9. PMID 1979798.
  15. Szepietowski J, Weisshaar E (2016). Itin P, Jemec GB (eds.). Itch - Management in Clinical Practice. Current Problems in Dermatology. 50. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. pp. 1–80. ISBN 9783318058895.