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| ''[[Coluracetam/Summary|Summary sheet: Coluracetam]]''
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'''Noopept''' ('''GVS-111''') is a [[peptide]] promoted and prescribed in Russia and neighbouring countries as a [[nootropic]] with neuroprotective properties. The registered brand name Noopept (Ноопепт) is trademarked by the manufacturer JSC LEKKO Pharmaceuticals. It is readily available and sold through online vendors as a dietary supplement in the U.S. and as a medication in other countries. To supplement noopept, one should take 10 – 30 mg once a day for up to 56 days at a time with extended breaks in between each period of usage.
'''Coluracetam''' ('''BCI-540'''), formerly ('''MKC-231''') is a [[racetam]] promoted as a [[nootropic]] with action upon the high affinity choline uptake. It was initially developed and tested by the Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation for Alzheimer's disease. It is readily available and sold through online vendors as a dietary supplement in the U.S. To supplement coluracetam, one should take 5 – 20 mg at once. Dosages range nearly half of that of [[noopept]], making it twice as potent while offering comparable benefit. Due to it's short acting and acute nature, the preferred ROA is generally insufflation, sublingual, or vaporising, though it is still active orally.


This compound is growing in popularity because its active dose range is between 10 and 30 mg. This is much smaller than the comparative doses of the racetam class of drugs ([[piracetam]], [[oxiracetam]], [[phenylpiracetam]], etc.)
This compound's active dose range is between 5 and 20 mg. This is much smaller than the comparative doses of the racetam class of drugs ([[piracetam]], [[oxiracetam]], [[phenylpiracetam]], etc.) Dosages higher than 20mg do not appear to offer any additional benefit.
==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==
Noopept, or N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, is a synthetic [[peptide]]. A peptide is a chain of simple amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Noopept contains a phenylacetyl subunit bound to a small peptide chain of proline and glycine. The proline peptide is composed of a carboxylic acid group bound to a pyrrolidine ring at C2. The glycine amino acid is bound to proline with a peptide bond and contains an amino group bond to the free cabon of ethanoic acid. Noopept is structurally similar to the endogenous neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine, for which it is a [[prodrug]] of. Noopept is a dipeptide conjugate of [[piracetam]] although it is not a racetam as it lacks a pyrrolidone cycle.
Coluracetam, or 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(2, 3-dimethyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrofuro2, 3-b quinolin-4-yl)acetoamide, is a synthetic [[racetam]]. A known metabolite is hydroxylated coluracetam on the 2-carbon of the pyrrolidinone backbone, it is sometimes referred to as M-MKC-231. It appears inactive on the main mechanism of action coluracetam is known for (increasing HACU).


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
Noopept is not a racetam (due to not having a 2-oxo-pyrrolidine skeleton),<ref>The major metabolite of dipeptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 in rat brain and its similarity to endogenous neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9358206/</ref> but is generally grouped together in the same category because it shares similar mechanisms of action with the racetam family, mainly modulation of the [[acetylcholine]] system as well as modulation of AMPA [[receptor]]s.<ref>The original novel nootropic and neuroprotective agent noopept | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12596521</ref> When compared to traditional racetams, it has been found to be, according to studies, 1000 times more potent than the prototypical racetam drug, piracetam. Noopept is a [[prodrug]] for the endogenous peptide cyclopropylglycine.
Coluracetam has been detected in plasma following oral ingestion, and appears to be able to reach high levels within 30 minutes and is already on the decline within 3 hours. Supplementation of coluracetam for 7-14 days does not alter these kinetics, so may demonstrate resistance to tolerance build-up.


However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the compound's effects continues to remain elusive.
However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the compound's effects continues to remain elusive.


==Subjective effects==
==Subjective effects==
Chief amongst Coluracetam's effects is it's ability to enhance the immediate five senses, promoting a heightened awareness of ones surroundings as well as a sense of awareness of oneself within it.
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
The effects listed below are based upon the [[subjective effects index]] and personal experiences of [[PsychonautWiki]] [[Special:TopUsers|contributors]]. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
====Visual effects====
====Visual effects====
*'''[[Effect::Acuity enhancement]]''' - Some users have described noopept's visual effects as "widescreen HD vision."
*'''[[Effect::Acuity enhancement]]''' - Most prominent for most users is coluracetam's visual effects, users describing it as "widescreen HD vision."
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]''' - Noopept has been described to make colours appear more vibrant.
*'''[[Effect::Colour enhancement]]''' - Coluracetam has been described to make colours appear more vibrant.
*'''[[Effect::Auditory enhancement]]''' - Some users describe a better and crisper perception of sounds.
*'''[[Effect::Mindfulness]]''' - Coluracetam can invoke the first component of mindfulness, or an enhanced perception of immediate environment, while being remaining absent of mindfulness's second component.
*'''[[Effect::Tactile enhancement]]''' - Coluracetam may promote a heightened awareness of textures of objects as well as the sensations of the body.
*'''[[Effect::Brightness alteration]''' - Secondary to color enhancement, users may feel an enhanced sense of brightness of scenery.
 
====Physical effects====
====Physical effects====
*'''[[Effect::Spontaneous tactile sensations]]''' - The "body high" which noopept presents can be described as a faint, all-encompassing, soft and consistent tingling sensation.
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - The stimulation which Coluracetam presents can be considered as primarily subtle and short lasting, comparable to that of [[caffeine]].
*'''[[Effect::Stimulation]]''' - The stimulation which noopept presents can be considered as primarily subtle and encouraged over forceful and distinct.


====Cognitive effect====
====Cognitive effect====
*'''[[Effect::Thought deceleration]]''' - Coluracetam's effects may promote an acute one's thoughts taking a backseat to their heightened sense of presence.
*'''[[Effect::Cognitive euphoria]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Wakefulness]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought connectivity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought connectivity]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Focus enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Thought acceleration]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Motivation enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory enhancement]]'''
*'''[[Effect::Memory enhancement]]'''
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There are no known long-term dangers or health safety issues. However, there are a small number of people who suffer from nausea, depression, nervous conditions, tremors, bad mood swings and the inability to sleep. It is recommended to cease usage immediately if these side effects are experienced.
There are no known long-term dangers or health safety issues. However, there are a small number of people who suffer from nausea, depression, nervous conditions, tremors, bad mood swings and the inability to sleep. It is recommended to cease usage immediately if these side effects are experienced.
===Lethal dosage===
===Lethal dosage===
The median lethal dosage (LD50) of noopept has not been officially published as it has low abuse potential, but the recommended dosage is 10mg once to three times a day. Anecdotal evidence from people within the community who have tried noopept suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  
The median lethal dosage (LD50) of coluracetam has not been officially published as it has low abuse potential, but the recommended dosage is 10mg once to three times a day. Anecdotal evidence from people within the community who have tried coluracetam suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but, as per most substances, nothing can be completely guaranteed). [https://www.google.com/ Independent research] should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.  
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
It is strongly recommended that one use [[responsible use|harm reduction practices]] when using this drug.
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
===Tolerance and addiction potential===
There is a slight tolerance with noopept which builds up with repeated usage. There does not seem to be any addictive potential.
There is a slight tolerance with coluracetam which builds up with repeated usage, though preliminary reports may demonstrate a lasting promotion of efficient Cholinergic Neurotransmission, promoting a downregulation of a rate-limiting step of acetylcholine synthesis. There does not seem to be any addictive potential.


==Legal issues==
==Legal issues==
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Responsible use]]
*[[Noopept]]
*[[Nootropic]]
*[[Nootropic]]
*[[Stimulant]]
*[[Stimulant]]
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*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/coluracetam Coluracetam (Wikipedia)]
*[http://drugs.tripsit.me/coluracetam Coluracetam (Wikipedia)]
==References==
==References==
Takashina K, et al MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer: (3) Mode of action of MKC-231 in the enhancement of high-affinity choline uptake . J Neural Transm. (2008)
Bessho T, et al MKC-231, a choline-uptake enhancer: (1) long-lasting cognitive improvement after repeated administration in AF64A-treated rats . J Neural Transm. (2008)
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]
[[Category:Psychoactive substance]]

Revision as of 03:17, 27 March 2016

Coluracetam
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names Coluracetam
Systematic name N-(2,3-Dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Nootropic
Chemical class Racetam
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



⇣ Oral
Dosage
Threshold 1 mg
Light 3 - 5 mg
Common 5 - 10 mg
Strong 10 - 20 mg
Heavy 20 mg +
Duration
Total 3 - 6 hours
Onset 15 - 30 minutes



⇣ Insufflated
Dosage
Threshold 1 mg
Light 2 - 5 mg
Common 5 - 10 mg
Strong 10 - 20 mg
Heavy 20 mg +
Duration
Total 3 - 6 hours
Onset 1 - 5 minutes






DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
Stimulants
Depressants
Dissociatives
Summary sheet: Coluracetam

Coluracetam (BCI-540), formerly (MKC-231) is a racetam promoted as a nootropic with action upon the high affinity choline uptake. It was initially developed and tested by the Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation for Alzheimer's disease. It is readily available and sold through online vendors as a dietary supplement in the U.S. To supplement coluracetam, one should take 5 – 20 mg at once. Dosages range nearly half of that of noopept, making it twice as potent while offering comparable benefit. Due to it's short acting and acute nature, the preferred ROA is generally insufflation, sublingual, or vaporising, though it is still active orally.

This compound's active dose range is between 5 and 20 mg. This is much smaller than the comparative doses of the racetam class of drugs (piracetam, oxiracetam, phenylpiracetam, etc.) Dosages higher than 20mg do not appear to offer any additional benefit.

Chemistry

Coluracetam, or 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(2, 3-dimethyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrofuro2, 3-b quinolin-4-yl)acetoamide, is a synthetic racetam. A known metabolite is hydroxylated coluracetam on the 2-carbon of the pyrrolidinone backbone, it is sometimes referred to as M-MKC-231. It appears inactive on the main mechanism of action coluracetam is known for (increasing HACU).

Pharmacology

Coluracetam has been detected in plasma following oral ingestion, and appears to be able to reach high levels within 30 minutes and is already on the decline within 3 hours. Supplementation of coluracetam for 7-14 days does not alter these kinetics, so may demonstrate resistance to tolerance build-up.

However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the compound's effects continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

Chief amongst Coluracetam's effects is it's ability to enhance the immediate five senses, promoting a heightened awareness of ones surroundings as well as a sense of awareness of oneself within it. The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Visual effects

  • Acuity enhancement - Most prominent for most users is coluracetam's visual effects, users describing it as "widescreen HD vision."
  • Colour enhancement - Coluracetam has been described to make colours appear more vibrant.
  • Auditory enhancement - Some users describe a better and crisper perception of sounds.
  • Mindfulness - Coluracetam can invoke the first component of mindfulness, or an enhanced perception of immediate environment, while being remaining absent of mindfulness's second component.
  • Tactile enhancement - Coluracetam may promote a heightened awareness of textures of objects as well as the sensations of the body.
  • [[Effect::Brightness alteration] - Secondary to color enhancement, users may feel an enhanced sense of brightness of scenery.

Physical effects

  • Stimulation - The stimulation which Coluracetam presents can be considered as primarily subtle and short lasting, comparable to that of caffeine.

Cognitive effect

Toxicity and harm potential

There are no known long-term dangers or health safety issues. However, there are a small number of people who suffer from nausea, depression, nervous conditions, tremors, bad mood swings and the inability to sleep. It is recommended to cease usage immediately if these side effects are experienced.

Lethal dosage

The median lethal dosage (LD50) of coluracetam has not been officially published as it has low abuse potential, but the recommended dosage is 10mg once to three times a day. Anecdotal evidence from people within the community who have tried coluracetam suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but, as per most substances, nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption. It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

There is a slight tolerance with coluracetam which builds up with repeated usage, though preliminary reports may demonstrate a lasting promotion of efficient Cholinergic Neurotransmission, promoting a downregulation of a rate-limiting step of acetylcholine synthesis. There does not seem to be any addictive potential.

This legality section is a stub.

As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

See also

References

Takashina K, et al MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer: (3) Mode of action of MKC-231 in the enhancement of high-affinity choline uptake . J Neural Transm. (2008) Bessho T, et al MKC-231, a choline-uptake enhancer: (1) long-lasting cognitive improvement after repeated administration in AF64A-treated rats . J Neural Transm. (2008)


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