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Above is a silhouette posing in the traditional lotus position. A physical position commonly associated with that of meditation.

Meditation is a practice in which an individual trains the mind or induces a mode of consciousness, either to realize some benefit or for the mind to simply acknowledge its content without becoming identified with that content,[1] or as an end in itself.[2]

The term meditation refers to a broad variety of practices that includes techniques designed to promote relaxation, build internal energy or life force (qi, ki, prana, etc.) and develop compassion,[3] love, patience, generosity and forgiveness. A particularly ambitious form of meditation aims at effortlessly sustained single-pointed concentration[4] meant to enable its practitioner to enjoy an indestructible sense of well-being while engaging in any life activity.

The word meditation carries different meanings in different contexts. Meditation has been practiced since antiquity as a component of numerous religious traditions and beliefs.[5] Meditation often involves an internal effort to self-regulate the mind in some way. Meditation is often used to clear the mind and ease many health concerns, such as high blood pressure,[6] depression, and anxiety. It may be done sitting, or in an active way—for instance, Buddhist monks involve awareness in their day-to-day activities as a form of mind-training. Prayer beads or other ritual objects are commonly used during meditation in order to keep track of or remind the practitioner about some aspect of the training.

It is worth noting however, that despite the inconsistencies across cultural practices, universal techniques remain across all methodologies and this article will attempt to define and document these consistencies in a manner that is informative, rational, scientific and generally helpful for those to wish to pursue this deeply profound field of psychonautics.

Basic methodology

Gneralised mediation techniques

Culturally specific mediation techniques

Subjective effects

Cognitive effects

Visual effects

Physical effects

Studies

References

  1. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18329323
  2. Watts, Alan. "11 _10-4-1 Meditation." Eastern Wisdom: Zen in the West & Meditations. The Alan Watts Foundation. 2009. MP3 CD. @4:45
  3. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080326204236.htm | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080326204236.htm
  4. Gen. Lamrimpa (author); "Calming the Mind." Snow Lion Publications. 1995. Book on Buddhist methods for developing single pointed concentration.
  5. http://vitalwarrior.org/the-program/step-7-meditation/
  6. Stress Reduction Programs in Patients with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2268875/pdf/nihms-34949.pdf