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Spirituality enhancement can be described as the experience of a shift in one's personal beliefs and interests. It results in one holding notions of certain key concepts with higher regard than that which they did previously.[1] These concepts and notions are not limited to but generally include:

  • An increased sense of personal purpose.[2]
  • An increased interest in the pursuit of developing personal religious and spiritual ideologies.
    • The formation of complex personal religious beliefs.
  • An increased sense of compassion towards nature and other people.[3]
  • An increased sense of unity and interconnectedness between oneself, nature, god and the universe as a whole.[1][3][4]
  • A decreased sense of value placed upon finances and material objects.[3]
  • A decreased fear of death and the finite nature of existence.[1][5]

Although difficult to fully specify, these changes in one's personality and belief system can often result in profound changes in one's personality[3] which can become distinctively noticeable to others around those who undergo it. This shift can occur suddenly but will usually increase gradually over time as a person repeatedly uses the psychoactive substance which is inducing it.

Sprituality enhancement is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of psychedelics such as psilocin, ayahuasca, DMT, LSD, and mescaline. However, it can also occur less commonly under the influence of heavy doses of dissociatives and entactogens. It is worth noting that this effect is unlikely to be an independent component within itself, but is more likely to be a result of a combination of other cognitive mindstates which convey a wide variety of different themes. These generally include: Analysis enhancement, autonomous voice communication, novelty enhancement, perception of interdependent opposites, perception of predeterminism, perception of self-design, personal bias suppression, and unity and interconnectedness.

Analysis

There have been a number of in-depth scientific studies which unanimously support the legitimate existence of the spiritual effects induced by hallucinogen usage.[1][3][4] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11][12][13]

Frequently, new psychedelic users rate their experience to be either the single most meaningful experience of his or her life or among the top five most meaningful experiences of his or her life.[4][5]

Any psychedelic or hallucinogen intentionally used for religious or spiritual purposes is known in the literature as an entheogen.[14] The ritualized usage of entheogens for religious or spiritual purposes dates back thousands of years and is well established throughout both anthropological and modern evidence.[3][12]

Psychoactive substances

Compounds within our psychoactive substance index which may cause this effect include:

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe this effect within our experience index include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Gasser, P., Kirchner, K., & Passie, T. (2015). LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: a qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114555249
  2. ↑ Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Brady, M. J., Hernandez, L., & Cella, D. (2002). Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Annals of behavioral medicine, 24(1), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_06
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Lerner, M., & Lyvers, M. (2006). Values and Beliefs of Psychedelic Drug Users: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 38(2), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2006.10399838
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Griffiths, R. R., Richards, W. A., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2006). Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology, 187(3), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ross, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B., ... & Su, Z. (2016). Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(12), 1165-1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675512
  6. ↑ Trichter, S., Klimo, J., & Krippner, S. (2009). Changes in spirituality among ayahuasca ceremony novice participants. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(2), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2009.10399905
  7. ↑ Richards, W. A. (2008). The phenomenology and potential religious import of states of consciousness facilitated by psilocybin. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 30(1), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.785855
  8. ↑ The Marsh Chapel Experiment | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Chapel_Experiment
  9. ↑ MacLean, K. A., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2011). Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(11), 1453-1461. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111420188
  10. ↑ Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2011). Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects. Psychopharmacology, 218(4), 649-665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5
  11. ↑ Griffiths, R. R., Richards, W. A., Johnson, M. W., McCann, U. D., & Jesse, R. (2008). Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later. Journal of psychopharmacology, 22(6), 621-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108094300
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Bakalar, J. B. (1985). Social and intellectual attitudes toward drug-induced religious experience. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 25(4), 45-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167885254008
  13. ↑ Móró, L., Simon, K., Bárd, I., & Rácz, J. (2011). Voice of the psychonauts: Coping, life purpose, and spirituality in psychedelic drug users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 43(3), 188-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2011.605661
  14. ↑ Carl A. P. Ruck; Jeremy Bigwood; Danny Staples; Jonathan Ott; R. Gordon Wasson (January–June 1979). "Entheogens". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 11 (1–2): 145–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1979.10472098
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