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'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
'''Aripiprazole''' (branded as '''Abilify''', '''Aristada''' among others) is an atypical [[psychoactive class::antipsychotic]] approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
Aripiprazole was developed by "Ostuka-group" from Japan as an improvement from first-generation antipsychotics. The active molecule was originally found by the US based Bristol-Myers Squibb.
{{SubstanceBox/Aripiprazole}}
== History and culture ==
Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical antipsychotics, primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and irritability in autism spectrum disorders.
== Chemistry ==
Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is C_{23}H_{27}Cl_{2}N_{3}O_{2}, and it has a unique mechanism of action as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer.
== Pharmacology ==
Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, while also serving as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for histamine, adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects.
== Subjective effects ==
{{EffectStub}}
{{Preamble/SubjectiveEffects}}
{{effects/base
|{{effects/physical|
Physical effects of Aripiprazole can vary but generally include:
* '''[[Effect::Sedation]]''' - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness.
* '''[[Effect::Weight gain]]''' - Often reported, especially with long-term use.
* '''[[Effect::Gastrointestinal discomfort]]''' - Including nausea and constipation.
* '''[[Effect::Headache]]''' - Some users may experience mild to moderate headaches.
* '''[[Effect::Dizziness]]''' - Particularly when standing up quickly or moving suddenly.
* '''[[Effect::Restlessness]]''' - A feeling of needing to move, sometimes known as akathisia.
* '''[[Effect::Tremors]]''' - Minor shaking, especially in the hands.
* '''[[Effect::Dry mouth]]''' - A decrease in saliva production.
}}
{{effects/cognitive|
Cognitive effects of Aripiprazole can include:
* '''[[Effect::Improved concentration]]''' - Beneficial in conditions with attention deficits.
* '''[[Effect::Cognitive dulling]]''' - A feeling of reduced cognitive sharpness.
* '''[[Effect::Decreased hallucinations]]''' - Particularly effective in reducing auditory hallucinations in psychosis.
* '''[[Effect::Emotional stability]]''' - Helps in mood stabilization, especially in bipolar disorder.
* '''[[Effect::Anxiety reduction]]''' - Can lower general anxiety levels.
* '''[[Effect::Insomnia]]''' - Difficulty falling or staying asleep in some individuals.
* '''[[Effect::Memory impairment]]''' - In rare cases, may affect short-term memory.
}}
{{effects/auditory|
Auditory effects are typically therapeutic in nature, reducing symptoms in those with auditory hallucinations due to mental health conditions:
* '''[[Effect::Decreased auditory hallucinations]]''' - Often effective in reducing or eliminating auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
}}
== Experience reports ==
There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the [[experience index]] and on external platforms like Erowid.
== Toxicity and harm potential ==
{{toxicity}}
Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
=== Lethal dosage ===
The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index.
=== Tolerance and addiction potential ===
Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal.
===Schizophrenia===
=== Dangerous interactions ===
The 2016 [[NICE]] guidance for treating psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people recommended aripiprazole as a second line treatment after [[risperidone]] for people between 15 and 17 who are having an acute exacerbation or recurrence of psychosis or schizophrenia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg155/chapter/Recommendations |publisher=NICE |date=October 2016}}</ref> A 2014 NICE review of the depot formulation of the drug found that it might have a role in treatment as an alternative to other depot formulations of second generation antipsychotics for people who have trouble taking medication as directed or who prefer it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schizophrenia: aripiprazole prolonged-release suspension for injection {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/esnm39/chapter/Key-points-from-the-evidence |publisher=NICE |date=24 July 2013}}</ref>
Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids.
== Legal status ==
{{LegalStub}}
Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription.
In adults, side effects with greater than 10% incidence include weight gain, headache, [[akathisia]], insomnia, and gastro-intestinal effects like [[nausea]] and constipation, and lightheadedness. Side effects in children are similar, and include sleepiness, increased appetite, and stuffy nose. A strong desire to gamble, binge eat, shop, and engage in sexual activity may also occur.
== Literature ==
* APA formatted reference
Uncontrolled movement such as restlessness, tremors, and muscle stiffness may occur.
== References ==
<references />
The 2016 [[NICE]] guidance for treating psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people recommended aripiprazole as a second line treatment after [[risperidone]] for people between 15 and 17 who are having an acute exacerbation or recurrence of psychosis or schizophrenia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg155/chapter/Recommendations |publisher=NICE |date=October 2016}}</ref> A 2014 NICE review of the depot formulation of the drug found that it might have a role in treatment as an alternative to other depot formulations of second generation antipsychotics for people who have trouble taking medication as directed or who prefer it.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schizophrenia: aripiprazole prolonged-release suspension for injection {{!}} Guidance and guidelines {{!}} NICE |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/esnm39/chapter/Key-points-from-the-evidence |publisher=NICE |date=24 July 2013}}</ref>
There seems to be no recreational ways for using aripiprazole. It should be also noted that aripiprazole does not work as a viable "tripkiller" for [[phenethylamine]] class psychedelics.
It may contain incorrect information, particularly with respect to dosage, duration, subjective effects, toxicity and other risks. It may also not meet PW style and grammar standards.
Aripiprazole (branded as Abilify, Aristada among others) is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and along with an antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder.
WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.
DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.
Aripiprazole, developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical and marketed as Abilify among others, was first approved in Japan in 2002 and subsequently in the United States. It was a novel development in the field of atypical antipsychotics, primarily intended for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment. Over time, its use expanded to include treatment of major depressive disorder and irritability in autism spectrum disorders.
Chemistry
Aripiprazole is a synthetic substance of the quinolinone class and is structurally distinct from other atypical antipsychotics. Its molecular formula is C_{23}H_{27}Cl_{2}N_{3}O_{2}, and it has a unique mechanism of action as a dopamine-serotonin system stabilizer.
Pharmacology
Aripiprazole's primary mechanism involves acting as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, while also serving as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. This dual action contributes to its efficacy in treating both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also exhibits moderate affinity for histamine, adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors, contributing to some of its side effects.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWikicontributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
{{effects/base
|
Physical effects
Physical effects of Aripiprazole can vary but generally include:
Sedation - A common effect, manifesting as general lethargy or sleepiness.
Weight gain - Often reported, especially with long-term use.
Auditory effects are typically therapeutic in nature, reducing symptoms in those with auditory hallucinations due to mental health conditions:
Decreased auditory hallucinations - Often effective in reducing or eliminating auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
Experience reports
There are a limited number of experience reports for Aripiprazole given its medical usage, but some can be found in the experience index and on external platforms like Erowid.
Toxicity and harm potential
This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.
As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Although generally safe at therapeutic doses, Aripiprazole overdose can lead to severe symptoms like seizures, vomiting, and agitation. Long-term use may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Lethal dosage
The lethal dosage of Aripiprazole is not well-established, but it is considered to have a high therapeutic index.
Tolerance and addiction potential
Aripiprazole has a low potential for abuse and addiction. Tolerance development is minimal.
Dangerous interactions
Aripiprazole should not be combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids.
As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.
Aripiprazole is a prescription medication in many countries. Its legal status varies, but it is generally regulated and available only with a doctor's prescription.
The 2016 NICE guidance for treating psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people recommended aripiprazole as a second line treatment after risperidone for people between 15 and 17 who are having an acute exacerbation or recurrence of psychosis or schizophrenia.[1] A 2014 NICE review of the depot formulation of the drug found that it might have a role in treatment as an alternative to other depot formulations of second generation antipsychotics for people who have trouble taking medication as directed or who prefer it.[2]
